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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Green chemistry,Synthesis,Phenytoin,Solvent free,Grinding
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: phenytoine derivatives were synthesized , via the pinacol condensation with the reaction of 1,3- diphenyl- propane- 1,3- dione (benzyl) analogs with urea or thiourea in presence of slica gel and solid KOH as Solid phase catalyst in the mortar / pestle at room temperatures. The reaction was completed at short reaction times (approximately 15min) and pure products were obtained with high yields (81-94%).
- انتشار مقاله: 12-03-1395
- نویسندگان: Alireza Kiasat,Maryam Nikmanesh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: nanosilica,Phosphosulfonic,Polyhydroquinolin,Hantzsh condensation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Phosphosulfonic acid as a multi solid site was easily prepared from the reaction of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with chlorosulfonic acid in CCl4and for improved its catalytic activity was supported nano Silica was extracted from husk rice contains about 95% of Silica the size of extracted nano silica was determined by SEM efficiency of this solid acid in four component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, dimidone, diketon, an ammonium acetate was investigated the results were clearly shown that aldehydes having electron withdrawing and electron donating groups were efficiently converted to the corresponding Polyhydroqinilion the high yields and short time products were produced at 110 0C under solvent free conditions.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-03-1395
- نویسندگان: Raziye Najafi Birgani,AliReza Kiasat
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Inorganic Chemistry Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Schiff base Complexes,Bimetallic complexes,Mercury complexes
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: New hetero-binuclear Hg-Cu Schiff base complexes were prepared by reaction of 2,2'-[1,1'-(2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyldinitrilo)-diethyldyne]diphenolato}copper(II) (CuL1) and 6,6'-X-2,2'-[(2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato copper(II) [(X = ethoxy (CuL2) and methoxy (CuL3)], with HgCl2 to give [Cu(L1)HgCl2] (1), [Cu(L2)HgCl2] (2), and [Cu(L3)HgCl2] (3), respectively. In the precursor Cu(II) complexes (CuL1-CuL3), the coordinated phenolic oxygen atoms and those of the substituents at 3,3'-positions (in 2 and 3) on aromatic ring can act as additional site of coordination to HgCl2 as metallo-ligand to make heterobinuclear Cu-Hg complexes. The H2L1, H2L2, and H2L3 Schiff base ligands were characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR and FT IR techniques. The related binuclear Cu-Hg complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The main coordination sites for the HgCl2 unit are phenolic oxygen atoms and there are also short intramolecular Hg…O (methoxy, and ethoxy segments) contacts in 2 and 3. The crystal packing of 3 shows one-dimensional extended chains along the b-axis through pair of centro-symmetric C–H…Cl interactions. The new complexes crystallize in Pbca (1), P21/n (2), and P21/c (3) space groups.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-02-1393
- نویسندگان: Hadi Kargar,Reza Kia*
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Textbook evaluation,Prospect 1,English school teachers,Iran’s Public Schools English Textbook,Teachers’ Perspectives
- چکیده: تغییر کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول در مدارس دولتی ایران بعد از 27 سال انگیزه محققان را برای ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید به منظور آگاهی از نقاط ضعف و قوت آن برانگیخت. در راستای این روند، این مطالعه با هدف ارزشیابی کتاب درسی جدید (پراسپکت 1) از دیدگاه معلمان انجام شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، ،با 30 نفر از معلمان زبان انگلیسی سال اول دوره متوسطه اول مصاحبه به عمل آمد و داده ها توسط روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر معلمان، برخی از مشکلات کتاب درسی جدید استفاده از روش نامناسب آموزش الفبا، بومی سازی بیش ازحد محتوا، توجه بیش از حد به مهارتهای ارتباطی، نادیده گرفتن توسعه توانش بین فرهنگی در دانش آموزان، و عدم واقعی بودن در ارائه محتوا بودند. در نهایت به عنوان چهره های محوری در فرآیند تغییر آموزش، معلمان برای اصلاح کتاب جدید به امید این که صدایشان توسط مسولان مربوط شنیده شود پیشنهادهایی ارائه دادند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Changing the English textbook of the first grade junior high school at Iran’s public schools after 27 years has sparked researchers’ interests in conducting evaluations of the new English textbook to get insights into its strengths and weaknesses. In line with this trend, this study aimed at evaluating the new textbook (Prospect 1) from teachers’ perspectives. To attain this objective, 30 junior high school teachers were interviewed and the data were then analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results revealed that from teachers’ perspectives, there were some pitfalls with the new textbook such as applying an unsuitable method of literacy instruction; over-attention to the communication skills at the expense of literacy skills; over-localization of the content; overlooking the development of intercultural competence in students; and lack of authenticity in the presentation of the content. Finally, as the central figures in the process of educational change, the participant teachers offered some suggestions to amend the new textbook with the hope that their voices be heard by the pertinent authorities.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-07-1394
- نویسندگان: Marzieh Asadi,Gholam Reza Kiany2
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: gender,Score variation,Stem type,Grammar tests
- چکیده: این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر جنسیت و نوع پرسش بر عملکرد آزمون دهندگان میپردازد. بدین منظور نمرات بخش گرامر آزمون دهندگان (تعداد = 2931) که در آزمون زبان عمومی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس شرکت کرده بودندبررسی شد. بخش دستور زبان این آزمون شامل سه نوع سوال 1) پر کردن جای خالی در جملات 2) تشخیص اشتباه و 3) پرکردن جای خالی در متن کلوز میشد. نتایج نشان داد که آزمون دهندگان عملکرد بهتری در سوالات کلوز نسبت به دو نوع دیگر سوال داشتند. همچنین آزمون دهندگان زن در نمره کل گرامر و همچنین در سوالات کلوز و سوالات پرکردن جای خالی جملات عملکرد بهتری نسبت به مردان از خود نشان دادند. علل یافته های این پژوهش و کاربردهای این یافته ها مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به محیط خاص این آزمون و میزان تاثیر آماری که بدست آمد نیاز است تا بافته های این پژوهش با احتیاط مورد تعمیم قرار گیرد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: This paper examines the effect of gender and type of stem on Iranian test takers’ performance on the grammar section of a nation-wide language proficiency test. In so doing, the scores of 2931 examinees (1107 female and 1824 male) who sat Tarbiat Modares English proficiency test were obtained. The examinees’ scores on three types of MC grammar items with different kinds of stems (i.e., blank filling, error recognition, and cloze) were compared to see if the type of stem has any effect on performance. Grammar scores of males and females were also compared to see if there is an effect for gender on the examinees’ performance on the grammar test in general and on its three item types in particular. The results indicated that test takers performed better on cloze items than the other two types. It was also found that females outperformed males on both the whole test, and also on items with blank filling and cloze types of stems. Due to the particularity of the context and the small effect sizes found, the study calls for more research to be conducted on this topic.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-12-1394
- نویسندگان: Mohsen Shirazizadeh,Gholam Reza Kiany
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: language teaching,validity,Consequential Validity,ESP Tests
- چکیده: اعتبار نتیجه، جزئی ازاعتبار سازه بعنوان یک مفهوم واحد ارائه شده توسط مزیک (1989) ،به تاثیرآزمون بر تدریس،یادگیری،آزمون شوندگان ،معلمان،جامعه وسیستم آموزشی درون یک کشورمی پردازد. اثرات آزمون های زبان برتدریس ویادگیری زبان تا حدودی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است ولی نتایج و تبعات آزمونهای انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه آزمون شوندگان ومعلمان انگبیسی ویژه دانشگاهی ویژه دانشگاهی مورد توجه چندان قرارنگرفته است. هدف مطاله فوق تبیین تبعات این آزمونها که به عنوان بخشی از آزمون ورودی دکتری وکارشناسی ارشد برگزارمی شوند ،می باشد .برای انجام این کاراز
روش تحقیق کیفی استفاده شد.31 شرکت کننده داوطلب آزمونهای کارشناسی ارشد ودکتری و5 استاد انگلیسی ویژه دانشگاهی به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده اند .دادهای مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبهباز جمع آوری شده اند.ازروش تحلیل محتوی برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داده است که تبعات این آزمونها را می توان تحت عنوان چهار تم اصلی که هرکدام از مقوله ی متفاوت تشکیل شده است ،تقسیم بندی نمود. این تم ها عبارت اند از :اثرات منفی روانشناختی (استرس ،ناامیدی ،اعتماد به نفس ،کارارایی آموزشی ) اثرات منفی اجتماعی (محرومیت از آموزش ،مسائل اخلاقی ،پذیرش افراد نالایق)،اثرات منفی مالی وخانوادگی.
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Consequential validity, a component of construct validity as a unified concept introduced by Messick(1989), deals with the impacts of tests on teaching, learning, individual test takers, teachers, society, and educational system within a country. Although the impacts of language tests on teaching and learning have been somehow studied, the consequences of ESP tests on individual test takers and teachers have not been given appropriate attention. The present study aimed at exploring the possible consequences of ESP tests, as parts of master and doctoral entrance examinations to post graduate universities in Iran, on the stake holders and society. In doing so, a qualitative research method was applied. The participants were 31 master and doctoral students, and 5 ESP instructors. The data were analyzed in terms of the content. Four main themes with a variety of sub-themes emerged from the content analysis. The results indicated that ESP tests have negative psychological (anxiety, stress, disappointment, self-confidence, teaching efficacy, disappointment), social (deprivation from education, ethical issues, acceptance of nonqualified candidates), financial, and family consequences on the learners and teachers. The society is also influenced as the result of ESP tests scores.
- انتشار مقاله: 26-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Gholam Reza Kiani,Goodarz Alibakhshi,Ramin Akbari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advance Researches in Civil Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Piano keys sound,Artificial acceleration,Response Spectrum,Frequency content,Correlation coefficient
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Today, one of the most important issues in designing of structures is their reliability and functional design. In order to obtain reliability, different parameters of the earthquake history are considered as probabilistic and that their effects on the reliability of the structures. In fact, it is necessary to consider all possible scenarios in the earthquake event in the probability of failure of the structure, which is recorded using natural ground motions. In response to this engineering requirements, the use of simulated artificial earthquake records is one alternative. Therefore the most important point in using artificial records is to use a model that can more effectively capture the effective parameters in earthquake production. In this case, by obtaining uncertainties regarding the efficient parameters in that model, it is possible to produce an accidental earthquake production. In this study, the use of piano keys was applied as an artificial record. To achieve this goal, 6 pieces of a piano-sounded that has an initial landing, up and then secondary landing are selected. To compare the results, the 6 ground motion records of near field with pulse effect and 6 ground motion records of far field for soil type II was extracted from the PEER site . In order to compare the records, the response spectrum and their correlation were used. The results showed that the correlation between the selected artificial records for the far field of faults is more than near field.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-01-1399
- نویسندگان: Ali Kia,Reza Kia,Amin Bai
- مشاهده