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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: ELT Literacy,Knowledge domains,Meta ethnography,Synthetic approach
- چکیده: تقریبا شصت سال پس ازنخستین بیانیه در مورد مفهوم دانش معلمان زبان شواهد موجود نشان می دهد که در زمینه تعریف جامعی از مفهوم ذکر شده اتفاق نظر وجود ندارد. این مطالعه که برگرفته از روش فرا مردم نگاری نوبلیت و هر (۱۹۸۸) می باشد در تلاش است تا بتواند تفسیرهای متعدد مفهوم دانش معلمان زبان را از طریق گردآوری مجموع تفسیرهای متعدد تطبیق دهد. مجموعا ۱۸۸مطالعه از طریق تکنیک های بسیار دقیق و بر اساس معیارهای کیفیت برنامه مهارت های ارزشیابی انتقادی انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند.نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل تحقیق منجر به ارایه یک تقسیم بندی از مفهوم دانش محتوایی واموزشی معلمان زبان با عنوان آستانه سواد مفهوم و آموزشی شد که شامل یک طبقه بندی دو بعدی متشکل از سواد محتوا با شش زیر مجموعه و سواد آموزشی با چهار زیر ساختار می باشد. هم راستا با توصیف یک چهارچوب کلی برای نشان دادن یافته های کلیدی موجود درادبیات حاضر در ارتباط با سواد اموزش زبان انگلیسی یافته های این مطالعه می تواند توسط بسیاری از افراد این رشته از جمله سیاست گذاران آموزش زبان، برنامه ریزان درسی ، تهییه و تدوین کنندگان مطالب درسی ، معلمان و زبان آموزان و دیگرافراد شاغل در این رشته مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Nearly 60 years after the initial declaration of language teachers' knowledge, evidence still seems unsatisfactory as little is generally agreed upon. This study followed Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography approach to reconcile various researchers' interpretations of language teacher' knowledge through facilitating the accumulation of their substantive interpretations. A total number of 188 studies were chosen through meticulous search techniques and based on CASP quality criteria. The result of the meta-ethnography analysis yielded a reductionist yet inclusive account of language teachers' literacy named Content and Educational Literacy Threshold (CELT) with a two-tire construct taxonomy: Content Literacy consisting of six subthemes and Educational Literacy with four subthemes. Overarching a framework for demonstrating the key findings of the available literature on ELT literacy, the findings of the study can be used by many people in the field including language teaching policy makers, curriculum designers, material developers, teachers and learners and other practitioners.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-11-1395
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Mohammad Aliakbari,Anna Hajizadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: academic writing,academic research articles,Iranian post-graduate students
- چکیده: بررسی مشکلات
- چکیده انگلیسی: Due to the importance given to the RAs as the preferred medium of exchanging knowledge among members of the academic community, a substantial body of research has been dedicated to explore the writers’ problems encountered in writing or publishing the RAs (Braine, 1995; Flowerdew, 2000; Li, 2006). Although, Iranian post-graduate students (IRPGS), like other non-native English language users, are most often seen to have difficulties in providing a well-written piece of research for publication, to date, few, if any, studies have investigated their difficulties in RAs’ writing for publication in established journals. To this end, a corpus of IRPGS’ rejected articles for publication was analyzed guided by a developed evaluation checklist to pinpoint their main difficulties. Furthermore, a sample of 180 Iranian postgraduates filled out a questionnaire containing in-depth details on the basic principles of doing and writing research papers so as to identify their main challenges in this respect. Through the questionnaire, subjects’ perceptions regarding observing RAs’ conventions were, also, evaluated. Analysis of the IRPGS’ rejected articles revealed that the writers had the poorest performance in writing the RAs’ Literature Review. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the respondents reported writing the Discussion section as their major concern in research writing process. There were some similarities and differences between the writing problems identified both in the analysis of the corpus and the perceptions of the subjects answering the questionnaire. Finally, the respondents demonstrated a moderate level of awareness concerning observing the RAs’ standard structure and maxims.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-04-1388
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Rezvan Abol-Nejadian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Move Analysis,Organizational Patterning,Lexical Cohesion Patterns (LCPs),EAP Articles
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: One of the main concerns of scholars working in the field of EAP over the last 2
decades has been raising the awareness of EAP students and publishers of genre
conventions in academic journals. In line with the above concern, many studies have
aimed at exploring the general characteristics of research articles (RAs) in the field.
Among these features, it seems that the generic moves and textuality have drawn the
attention of researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to
compare and contrast the Iranian local ESP journals with their international
counterparts in terms of the given features by drawing upon existing research, and
(2) to develop a more inclusive model for the analysis of moves and lexical cohesion
patterns (LCPs) in the Discussion sections of ESP RAs. Results showed that the
Discussion sections in the international ESP RAs tended to have a more cyclical
evaluative move mechanism compared with their Iranian local counterparts.
Findings also revealed that the organizational patterning and use of the LCPs in
consolidating the Results sections of the RAs have a dual intrinsic relationship.
Translation of such findings provides a better chance for nonnative EAP writers to
publish in international journals.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-11-1395
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Reza Khany,Reza Khany
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of English for Academic Purposes
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Metadiscourse,rhetorical moves,Highlights,Promotional Elements,Lexico-grammatical Features
- چکیده: اگرچه در سال های اخیر ساختار بلاغی و ویژگی های زبانی قسمت های مختلف مقالات علمی مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است، مطالعاتی که به بررسی ساختار بلاغی بخش هایلایت های مقالات علمی و ویژگی های منحصر به فرد آنها پرداخته اند بسیار محدود هستند. در این تحقیق، 250 بخش هایلایت مقالات آکادمیک از 5 مجله برتر در حوزه زبانشناسی کاربردی انتخاب و جمع آوری شد. سپس، از طریق تحلیل کیفی و نرم افزار پردازش کلمات، تمام 1116 جمله بررسی و بر اساس هدف و کاربرد طبقه بندی شد. سرانجام، بر اساس تحلیل های کیفی و کمی در این مرحله، مدلی برای ساختار بلاغی بخش هایلایت مقالات آکادمیک ارائه شد. علاوه بر آن، ویژگی های فرا زبانی و عوامل تبلیغاتی استفاده شده توسط نویسندگان هایلایت ها بر اساس مدل های ذکر شده در مقاله بررسی شد. سر انجام، دیگر ویژگی های زبانی و استراتژی های به کار برده شده در هایلایت ها بررسی شد. یافته های این تحقیق اطلاعات ارزشمندی درباره نوع جملات و عبارات در هایلایت ها و عوامل تبلیغاتی استفاده شده توسط نویسندگان میدهد. در پایان، کاربرد های آموزشی یافته ها و نتایج تحقیق برای آموزش نوشتار و مقاله نویسی بحث شده است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: While huge efforts have been devoted to rhetorical moves and the lexico-grammatical features of various sections of academic research articles (RAs) across various disciplines, studies that have focused on RA highlights and their linguistic characterizations are limited. This study involved compiling a corpus of 250 RA highlights sampled from five leading journals in applied linguistics. Guided by qualitative analysis and using AntConc 3.4.4, which is a freeware corpus analysis toolkit, 1,116 highlight entries were studied and classified based on their communicative functions. Based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, a classification of moves in the structure of research article highlights was proposed. Moreover, the metadiscursive devices and promotional elements deployed by authors in applied linguistics were examined using Hyland’s (2005) model of stance and engagement as well as Lindeberg’s (2004) taxonomies of direct and indirect promotional steps. This study offers insights into the type of entries and the promotional elements used in RA highlights by writers to highlight the value of their research. The pedagogical applications of our findings for academic writing pedagogy are discussed.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Bahareh Malmir,Reza Khany,Mohammad Aliakbari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Solubility,activity,Protein engineering,Reteplase,Surface Supercharging
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Reteplase, the recombinant form of tissue plasminogen activator, is a thrombolytic drug with outstanding characteristics, while demonstrating limited solubility and reduced plasminogen activation. Previously, we in silico designed a variant of Reteplase with positively supercharged surface, which showed promising stability, solubility and activity. This study was devoted to evaluation of the utility of supercharging technique for enhancing these characteristics in Reteplase.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that reinforced surface charge of a rationally-designed Reteplase variant will not compromise its stability, will increase its solubility, and will enhance its plasminogen cleavage activity.
Materials and Methods: Supercharged Reteplase coding sequence was cloned in pDest527 vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expressed protein was extracted by cell disruption. Inclusion bodies were solubilized using guanidine hydrochloride, followed by dialysis for protein refolding. After confirmation with SDS-PAGE and western blotting, extracted proteins were assayed for solubility and tested for bioactivity.
Results: SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis confirmed the successful expression of Reteplase. Western blot experiments showed most of Reteplase expressed in the insoluble form. Plasminogen cleavage assay showed significantly higher activity
of the supercharged variant than the wild type protein (P < 0.001). The stability of the supercharged variant was also comparable to the wild type.
Conclusion: Our findings, i.e. the contribution of the surface supercharging technique to retained stability, enhanced plasminogen cleavage activity, while inefficiently changed solubility of Reteplase, contain implications for future designs of soluble variants of this fibrinolytic protein drug.- انتشار مقاله: 15-07-1398
- نویسندگان: Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh,Mohamad Reza Ganjalikhany,Parichehreh Yaghmaei,Morteza Pourfarzam,Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: EAP,Research Article,interviews,Perceived Academic Writing Competence,Rejection Emails
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Over the last decades, there has been a plethora of interest in possible challenges encountered by researchers while publishing research articles (RAs) in various disciplines for English for academic purposes (EAP).Given this, this study aimed to examine how a sampled number of EAPIranian researchers perceive the competence of academic RA writing, the major reasons for RA rejection, and difficulties the authors face in writing up publishable RAs. Data for this study came from an examination of rejection emails and follow-up interviews with a number of Iranian EAP researchers who have published in highly prestigious journals. Analysis of the data resulted in 545 codes, 40 subcategories, and six core categories. The main categories included the potential reasons of RA rejection; the authors’ challenges in RA writing; RA linguistic features; RA stylistic features; essential elements of writing RA sections; and the features of RA citation and referencing.Pedagogical implications are discussed.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-09-1397
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Mohammad Aliakbari,Saeedeh Mohammadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Validation,Exploratory Factor Analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,EFL Teacher Change Scale (EFLTCS)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The concept of teacher change is critical in second language teaching and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context due largely to the fact that, almost, whatever we do in teacher education looks for initiating change of one sort or another. A substantial body of research has been dedicated to investigate teacher change (TC) from various perspectives. However, having studied the related literature, we found no robust, valid and reliable measure for TC in EFL context. Accordingly, effort was made to develop and validate a reliable and valid measure that could assess TC in an EFL context. The review of the prior research resulted in the collection of 186 items affecting TC out of which a temporary data driven model of teacher change was developed. 324 Ph.D. and M.A. graduated EFL teachers took part in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the initial measure. Finally, a 66-item scale consisting of three components and thirteen sub-components was developed.The results showed both factorial validity andinternal consistency reliability for the measure.The TCSsubscales also had strong validity evidence based on the associationsfound. This study has various applications for language teachers and practitioners in the field.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Mahdieh Fakhar Shahreza
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Psychology (IPA)
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Self-esteem,life satisfaction,procrastination
- چکیده: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of academic procrastination with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Two hundred and six students from Sistan and Baluchestan University were selected through the simple random method and completed the measures of Academic Procrastination, Self-esteem and Students’ Life Satisfaction. Correlational analysis indicated that procrastination was significantly related to self-esteem and so its dimensions; namely, academic achievement, social evaluation and appearance. There was a significant negative correlation between procrastination and life satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-esteem and life satisfaction were significant predictors for academic procrastination. Self–esteem was a greater predictor than life satisfaction for academic procrastination. Self-esteem accounted for 12.6% of the variance of academic procrastination (Beta=.29, p
- چکیده انگلیسی: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of academic procrastination with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Two hundred and six students from Sistan and Baluchestan University were selected through the simple random method and completed the measures of Academic Procrastination, Self-esteem and Students’ Life Satisfaction. Correlational analysis indicated that procrastination was significantly related to self-esteem and so its dimensions; namely, academic achievement, social evaluation and appearance. There was a significant negative correlation between procrastination and life satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-esteem and life satisfaction were significant predictors for academic procrastination. Self–esteem was a greater predictor than life satisfaction for academic procrastination. Self-esteem accounted for 12.6% of the variance of academic procrastination (Beta=.29, p
- انتشار مقاله: 25-01-1394
- نویسندگان: Bahman Kord Tamini,Gholamreza Minakhany,Fahimeh Zare
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Applied Research on English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Persian,Variational Pragmatics,Talks and acts, Open-ended Production Test,speech act
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Abstract: Avoiding the current terminology debates in the literature on politeness research and
following a variational pragmatics approach, this study attempted to illuminate how
appropriacy/ inappropriacy is realized in Persian language in light of five speech acts of
introduction, apology, refusal, congratulation, and condolence. Additionally, it was aimed to
see to what extent appropriacy/ inappropriacy is a function of variables such as age, gender,
job, and level of education. In order to achieve this aim, 300 participants (m=150, f=150)
completed an Open-ended Production Test (OPT) consisting of twenty situations. Analyzed
within a two-component part variational pragmatics framework; namely pragmatic level and
social factors, the data revealed that the variables in the study in quite different forms guide the
expectations, perception, and performance of the participants in the study. Giving an
appropriacy (Marked/unmarked) taxonomy of the study speech acts in Persian, it is illustrated
how in most cases, the norms of appropriate verbal behavior seem to be subject to the variables
of the study. It was further shown that talk and acts between speakers at a social situation are
governed by converging and diverging norms in different communities of practice in Persian.
Thereupon, the study can highlight the significance of including variational perspective on
conventions of language use for language teaching.
فهم کلام مناسب / غیرمناسب در زبان فارسی: با رویکرد واقع گرایی متغیر
چکیده
این پژوهش تلاش می کند با اجتناب از بحث های موجود در ارتباط با اصطلاحات در زمینه تحقیقات ادب، با اتخاذ رویکرد واقع گراییمتغیر، نشان دهد که کلام مناسب / غیرمناسب در زبان فارسی با درنظرگرفتن پنج کنش گفتاری یعنی معرفی کردن، معذرت خواهی کردن، رد کردن، تبریک گفتن، و تسلیت گفتن چگونه درک می شود. به علاوه، این مطالعه میزان تابعیت کلام مناسب / غیرمناسباز متغیرهای سن، جنسیت، شغل و سطح سواد را نیز بررسی نموده است. برای این منظور، 300 شرکت کننده (150 مرد و 150 زن) به یک آزمون بازشامل 20 موقعیت، پاسخ دادند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در چارچوب دوبخشی واقع گرایی متغیر، یعنی، سطح کاربردی و عوامل اجتماعی، نشان داد که متغیرهای این پژوهش، انتظارات، ادراک و عملکرد شرکت کننده ها را در صورت های کاملا متفاوتی هدایت می کنند. با توجه به طبقه بندی کلام مناسب (متداول/ غیرمتداول) در کنش های گفتاری در زبان فارسیبه دست آمده از این مطالعه، روشن می گردد که چگونه هنجارهایرفتارکلامیمناسب در بیشتر مواردتابعی ازمتغیرهایبررسی شده می باشند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که گفتار و رفتار بین افراد در یک موقعیت اجتماعی به وسیله ی هنجارهای همگرا و واگرا در جوامع مختلف در زبان فارسی در عمل کنترل می شوند.از این رو، این مطالعه بر روی داشتن دید گوناگون نسبت به عرف های زبانی در آموزش زبان تاکید می کند.
واژه های کلیدی: واقع گرایی متغیر، زبان فارسی، گفتار و رفتار، آزمون باز، کنش گفتاری- انتشار مقاله: 21-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Reza Khany,Mahdi Najar
- مشاهده