در هنگام جستجو کلمه در قسمت عنوان میتوانید کلمات مورد جستجو را با کاراکتر (-) جدا کنید.
کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Environmental Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: بادهای 120 روزه,سیستان,شبیه سازی CFD,رکود شن و ماسه
- چکیده: با خشکشدن دریاچه هامون خاصیت فرسایش بادهای120 روزه در سیستان افزایش یافتهاست. با توجه به شدت این بادها و حجم بسیار ذرات شن و ماسه که با خود حمل میکند مهار و پاکسازی آن بسیار دشوار است. در کنار انجام برخی مسایل زیستمحیطی، قرارگیری مناسب ساختمانها نیز میتواند به کاهش آسیبهای ناشی از این بادها کمک کند.
این مقاله بر شبیهسازی جریان هوا مرتبط با طوفانهای شن و ماسه، با مطالعهی نحوهی قرارگیری ساختمانها میپردازد و هدف این است که به این نکته پی برده شود که چه نوع جانمایی از ساختمانها در گونه ردیفی میتواند عبور شن و ماسه را تسهیل کند و تا آنجا که ممکن است رکود شن و ماسه در منطقه ساختمان را کاهشدهد. مدلسازی ساختمانها با استفاده از نرمافزار سه بعدی اتوکد انجام شد و شبیهسازی جریان هوا با استفاده از نرمافزار شبیهسازی سیالاتFlow 3D موردبررسی قرارگرفت و هر بار رفتار جریان هوا در مدلهای مختلف آزمایش شد. رابطهی بین سرعت باد شهری و پارامترهای مورفولوژیکی مانند هندسه، رابطه با زمین، تراکم و محصوریت بین ساختمان بررسی گردید و این نتیجه حاصل شد که سرعت باد شهری میتواند به کاهش رکود شن و ماسه با درنظرگرفتن مقادیر مناسب این پارامترها کمک کند.- چکیده انگلیسی: The drought has caused a kind of wind that is called as Sadobistroze wind in Sistan. This wind has accumulated sand and gravel. Due to the severity of these winds and the volume of very fine particles of sand, it is very difficult to control their flow. Creating an appropriate urban form can help reduce these problems. wind erosion causes problems such as the influx of sand grains, which can lead to severe dust and air pollution, reduced public health, reduced immune system against diseases, children's asthma, threats of sensitive electronic power transfer systems, damage to agricultural land, rural settlements, roads and increaseaccidents.
Sistan area with 15197 square kilometers is located latitude 31 ° 2 'north longitude and 61 ° 29' east longitude and 489 meters high in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan province and east of Iran. This area is bordered by the north and east with Afghanistan, the border with the Southern Khorasan province and the south with the city of Zahedan. The average number of sunspots per annum for more than 260 days of sunshine, the range of high temperature changes overnight, an average annual rainfall of 64 mm with inappropriate dispersion, high temperature and sunny hours
Sistan is one of the windy areas in eastern Iran. In fact, the wind has three main characteristics: direction, speed and frequency. According to estimates of the number of days with storm and dust for a period of 10 years, the Sistan region has more than 1500 days, the highest proportion at the national level. Drought is a dominant phenomenon in the Sistan region, which has also had a profound negative impact not only on the biodiversity of the communities (plant-animal) but also on the physical environment of urban and rural residential areas. Although in Sistan (due to the presence of 120 days of winds and the existence of a soil susceptible to wind erosion in this area), erosion has already occurred in the past, but after drought, due to the provision of wind erosion conditions, Dust storms have been formed and reached their maximum intensity. In addition to the incorrect management of the drought in the area, it seems that problems such as inappropriate physical shape and inappropriate building patterns in accordance with the existing climatic conditions and the lack of planting of climate-friendly plants in the area seems to have increased the severity of these damages.
The statistical data (wind speed and direction) is derived from the statistics of the synoptic meteorological station in Zabul. Subsequently, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using simulation to understand the behavior of the wind in urban form. Flow3D software is used for simulation. In this software, the k-standard model is selected, this model is mostly used to simulate the mean flow characteristics in turbulent flow conditions. Modeling was done using 3D drawing software. Boundary conditions and direction of flow and speed were determined.
Due to the nature of the wind, the most important factor in controlling the flow of air on a city scale is space geometry. All spaces between buildings, both horizontal distances, the relationship of the building with its height, are the parameters that, when exposed to the wind, affect wind in terms of pressure distribution, average speed and etc.
This paper focuses on modeling the airflow associated with natural disasters, Specially sandstorms. Article focus on the modeling of airflow related to natural disasters, such as sand accumulation, with urban form studies. The goal is to understand Which kind of urban form can speed up the flow of sand and prevent sand deposits in the building area (streets, alleys, open spaces). Urban design was studied through simulation of airflow using Flow 3D software. Initially, a flat surface was selected with an initial configuration for the model. Each time the flow of air was tested in different models. In this study, the relationship between urban wind speed and morphological parameters such as dimensions, building geometry and building density were investigated. By creating an appropriate geometric form of the buildings, this research is looking for solutions to reduce this accumulation. For this purpose, simulations were first performed to find the threshold velocity for sand particles, and it was concluded that the wind carries sand particles with a diameter of 50 microns at speeds greater than 2 to 4 m/s and Able to move them. So, to prevent sand accumulation, the wind speed should not be less than 2 m/s. Since sand is more near the surface of the earth and during the winds are not much off the ground due to heavy loads, the study of the airflow at the ground connection to the building was tested in various cases.
According to the simulations performed in four urban models, it is observed that the highest proportion for achieving this goal is for buildings clinging together in a column with an urban length of 80 meters and building buildings in a row. It was concluded that the maximum urban length is 80 meters when the buildings are 1 meter above the ground.
It was concluded that urban wind speed could help reduce the depression of sand, taking into account the proper values of these parameters. Therefore, the study of the shape of the city can be avoided by studying the urban form and choosing relationships such as placing a building at a distance of more than one meter from the ground, and an urban length of eighty meters, and connected buildings.- انتشار مقاله: 30-10-1397
- نویسندگان: سعیده خاکسفیدی,بهزاد وثیق,محسن تابان
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: مخاطرات محیط طبیعی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مدرسه,گرد و غبار,دزفول,مخاطرات محیطی,نمای دو پوسته
- چکیده: گرد و غبار در سالهای اخیر به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل مخاطره ساز سلامت و کیفیت محیط مطرح شده است. در استانهای جنوب غربی بالاخص خوزستان به علت تکرار و طولانی بودن روزهای آلودگی این موضوع بیشتر به چشم میخورد. در این تحقیق تلاش میشود تا با اتکا به روش شبیهسازی جریان باد با استفاده از نرمافزارهای شبیهسازی سیالات به بررسی راههای طراحی نمای ساختمانهای آموزشی در شهر دزفول جهت کاهش اثر مخرب گرد و غبار پرداخته شود. از این رو با استفاده از نمای دو پوسته و تعیین متغیرهایی مانند فاصلهی بین پوستهها و میزان سطح بادگذر، تلاش شده تا علاوه بر حفظ شرایط تهویهی طبیعی به کمک عناصر معماری میزان نفوذ گرد و غبار به فضای درونی کاهش یابد. نتایج نشان میدهد که افزایش فاصلهی بین دو پوسته منجر به کاهش سرعت جریان باد در این فضای و نشست ذرات غبار میگردد، اما این کاهش سرعت تنها تا فاصلهی 200 سانتیمتر موثر خواهد بود و پس از آن تغییر محسوسی در سرعت باد اتفاق نمیافتد. همچنین استفاده از لوورهایی در مسیر باد ورودی از طریق هدایت جریان باد به بخش زیرین فضای بین دو پوسته و کاهش سطح مقطع ورود هوا منجر به کاهش سرعت باد و نشست ذرات میگردد. بررسی استفاده از لوورها با زاویهی متغیر نشان میدهد حالت بهینه برای ایجاد شرایط تهویهی طبیعی و کاهش نفوذ ذرات معلق به فضای داخلی زمانی رخ میدهد که زاویهی لوورها نسبت به افق 50 درجه باشد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: In recent years, Dust haze has been a major health threat in southern and southwestern provinces of Iran, and Children suffer the most from Dust haze. Therefore, it is necessary to design educational centers to prevent the negative effects of walnut Dust haze. Exterior walls and windows are the most important routes for Dust haze to enter the classroom. Therefore, initially using simulation software, in addition to maintaining natural ventilation conditions, architectural elements reduce the amount of Dust haze penetration into the interior. The most important variables in this study are the distance between the walls and the amount of surface area. results show that increasing the distance between the two crusts results in a decrease in the wind flow velocity in this space and the Dust haze particle saturation. Slowing down will only work up to a distance of 200 cm, and then no change in wind speed will occur. Besides, the use of louvers in the inlet wind direction by directing the wind flow to the underside of the space between the two shells and reducing the level of air inlet leads to reduced wind velocity and particle saturation. Examination of the use of variable-angle louvers shows that the proper condition for creating natural ventilation conditions and reducing the penetration of indoor particles occurs when the louvers are angled relative to the 50-degree horizon.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-10-1398
- نویسندگان: فاطمه فرخیان,بهزاد وثیق,محمد دیده بان
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: منظر
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: اسلام,طبیعت,محیط زیست,شهر سنتی,اخلاق زیستی
- چکیده: بیتوجهی به حفاظت از طبیعت که عمدتا به علت عدم پشتوانه اخلاقی از سوی جوامع و مردم است و منجر به بحران محیطزیست شده، امروزه دچار تغییر نگرش در مواجهه با طبیعت و تدوین قوانین بینالمللی شده است و مذهب به مثابه محرکی جهت این تغییر نگرشها و تدوین کننده اخلاق، عاملی در رفع بحرانهای زیستی در نظر گرفته شده است. این پژوهش تلاش دارد تا در مبحث حاضر به بازشناسی مفهوم اخلاق در پرتو اندیشه و اصول اسلامی در فضای کالبدی بپردازد و راهبردهایی جهت بهره برداری مناسب از محیط زیست ارائه کند. روش پژوهش حاضر روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و روش نمونه موردی است که ابتدا روی مبانی نظری مدرن و دینی در زمینه برخورد کالبدی با شهر و معماری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است و در پژوهش موردی نیز با کاربست این چهارچوب، نمونههای شاهد را در شهر اسلامی به عنوان کالبد قابل اعتنا سنجیده و صحت سنجی میکند. بررسی ها حاکی از این واقعیت است که مبانی اسلامی از محیط زیست حمایت فرهنگی، دینی و اخلاقی همگانی کرده است و در زیستبومهای مختلف به روشهای متنوع، کالبد ویژه ارایه داده، بهگونه-ای که گاه سنت اسلامی با بکارگیری بیان نو، احترام به طبیعت را به تمامی نشان داده است. شهرهای سنتی مصداق آموزههای اسلامی است که بهترین شرایط محیط زیستی را برای انسان فراهم میکردند و در عین شرایط اقلیمی نامناسب از طبیعت در طراحی و ساخت شهر جهت ادامه حیات کمک می گرفته است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Most of the damages to nature are brought about through negligence in putting living ethics into practice by city dwellers. This critical ignorance which is becoming a worldwide environmental crisis has put forward a change in attitude towards nature and its international constitutions and laws. In this regard, religious recommendations and regulations have been considered as significant influences through this change towards better living conditions. This research attempts to address the concept of morality in the light of Islamic thoughts and principles in physical space and provide strategies for proper exploitation of the environment. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic case study which first surveys modern religious theories with regard to the body of the desired cities and their architecture and then in case studies these theories are put into practice in order to provide a framework to study and verify these Islamic cities as significant samples. The studies show that the basic Islamic thoughts about environment have promoted universal, cultural, religious, and moral supports and have introduced a special framework in different environments, as is the case with the Islamic tradition by applying a new expression, to show the respect for nature in all possible aspects. Regardless of unfavorable climate changes, traditional cities in Iran are examples of Islamic teachings which provide the best environmental conditions for human beings in which nature is employed in designing and city architecture.
- انتشار مقاله: 12-10-1397
- نویسندگان: بهزاد وثیق,الهام زارع,محمدرضا قاسمی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: فصلنامه مطالعات شبه قاره
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: شبه قاره هند,مسجد رنگونی ها,مسجد امام اصفهان,مسجد کوصومبا
- چکیده: شناخت نحوه گفتگوی بین دو تمدن در خلال مقایسه تطبیقی برونداد های فرهنگی آن ها امکان پذیر است. مسجد رنگونی ها توسط مسلمانان شبه قاره هند در آبادان احداث شده است. این مسجد دارای ظاهری مشابه با مساجد شبه قاره هند است. تحقیق حاضر در پی آن است تا به مولفه های گفتگوی بین دو معماری ایران و معماری شبه قاره در بنا های مذهبی بپردازد. لذا در قالب مطالعۀ تطبیقی و بر پایه روش های مورد کاوی و تفسیری-تاریخی، عناصر معماری مسجد رنگونی ها در قیاس با مسجد امام اصفهان و مسجد کوصومبا در بنگلادش بررسی شده است. با توجه به اهمیت شکل و مفاهیم فضا، تلاش شده است فارغ از مباحث کالبدی و ظاهری، مفاهیم متعددی از جمله سلسله مراتب دسترسی، نحوه ارتباط با پیرامون و سازمان دهی فضایی دو بنا مطالعه گردد. نتایج نشان دهنده آنست که مسجد رنگونی ها از لحاظ کالبدی پیوستگی های خود را با فرهنگ معماری سرزمین اصلی، برقرار نموده است با این حال در زمینه نحوه شکل گیری و سلسله مراتب فضا از معماری ایرانی تاثیر پذیرفته است.
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract
A comparative comparison between two civilizations and cultures can be made by comparing two cultural products. The Rangooniha mosque was constructed by Muslims in the subcontinent of India in Abadan. The mosque is similar to the mosques of the Indian Subcontinent. The present research seeks to address the components of the dialogue between two Iranian architectures and the architecture of the subcontinent in religious buildings. The research has been carried out on the basis of a comparative study and a case-study and historical interpretation method. The architecture elements of the Rangooniha mosque are compared with Imam Mosque of Isfahan and Kusumba Mosque in Bangladesh. Regardless of the importance of space shapes and concepts, it has been tried to study several concepts, including access hierarchy, how to communicate with the periphery and the spatial organization of the two buildings, regardless of the physical aspects. The results show that the Rangooniha mosque is linked to the architecture of the mainland in term of form. However, Iranian architecture influence the Rangooniha mosque spaces by hierarchy of space.
1- Introduction
Architecture grows through interaction between different cultures and nations across the whole globe. Migration is one of the reasons for the interaction between different cultures. Migration has contributed to the richness in diversity of cultures and ethnicities. Migration has helped improve people’s lives in both origin and destination countries and has offered opportunities for millions of people worldwide to forge safe and meaningful lives abroad. When people migrate from one nation or culture to another they carry their knowledge and expressions of distress with them. On settling down in the new culture, their cultural identity is likely to change and that encourages a degree of belonging; they also attempt to settle down by either assimilation or biculturalism. One of these migrations in the contemporary era is the immigration of Indigenous peoples from the Indian subcontinent to Iran. The migration of Bengali and Indian Muslims from the subcontinent to Iran has been a factor in the interaction between the Persians and the Muslim of subcontinent. Muslims have lived in Myanmar (also known as Burma) since the 11th century AD. There are a variety of Burmese Muslim ethnic minorities, including the Chinese-Muslim Panthay in northern Myanmar, Shan Muslims, and Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine. In this article we emphasis on the role of Rohingya Muslims. The Rohingya Muslims developed a distinctly regional style of architecture that had popular appeal. By infusing their own methods and teachings of construction new life was given to forms that already existed and were well known in Bengal and in neighboring areas such as brume and India.Throughout the Islamic period this tradition continued, assimilating the changes brought about by Muslim rulers in their construction. Indian Muslims and brumes have built religious buildings in Iran based on the way of their culture and the native art, the most important one is the Rangooniha mosque.
Authors are trying to find the method of interaction between Persian and Hindi culture across architecture studies. It is hoped that through this comparative comparison, the components of intercultural dialogue can be identified. So, at the first, by examining and comparing the case studies, the question was answered: “what is the relationship between religious architecture of Iran and Bangladesh”. Perhaps this question can be answered by examining the decorations and the form of building and organizing the spaces.The authors attempt to introduce the roots of the formation of the architectural form by introducing the Rangooniha mosque in Bengal, Brume and Iran. In this article, we discuss important considerations in the development of a research question and hypothesis and in defining objectives for research. By the end of this article, the reader will be able to appreciate the significance factors to find similarity and difference between the Rangooniha mosque and the mosques of subcontinent and Iran. It is important to note the question: “Which spaces and ornament in Rangooniha mosque have been transformed based on Iranian architecture and which spaces have been constant to Bengali architecture in terms of interior decoration and organization??"
2- Research methodology
The research method in this paper is based on the comparative case study approach (CCS). Case study methodology is widely used across multiple disciplines and fields. The approach engages two logics of comparison: first, the more common com-pare and contrast logic; and second, a “tracing across “sites or scales. We consider the comparative case study approach to be a heuristic.
Data collection techniques and data are collected from multiple sources. Data collection techniques include direct observations and relevant documents. For comparison, the Rangooniha mosques with Iranian mosques and Indo-Bengali mosques, Imam Isfahan mosque and Kusomba Mosque in Bangladesh have been studied. Most historical mosques are not stand-alone buildings but it should be noted that the Imam Isfahan Mosque has been chosen as a religious building with a dominant discourse in Islamic-Iranian architecture and the Kusomba Mosque Mosque has been chosen based on its history.
3- Discussion
Historical documents show the continuous cultural relationship between Iran and Bengal (Chuamin, 2004: 286). The impact of Iranian architecture on the India and Bangladesh is significant (Hasan, 1978: 21). With the entry of Britain into Iran a large part of labors included Indians and Bengalis built a mosque in Iran, Abadan. These Muslims were from Rangoon and therefor the name of this mosque was Rangooniha. The mosque has a courtyard and gathering hall (shabestan). There was also a garden surrounding the mosque. Today, the garden is demolished. (Karimian, 2008: 54-55). Triple divisions is the dominate strategy in space formation which is drawn from the architecture of the Indianan Buddhist temples (Dizany, 2018: 81). The vast majority of Muslims in Myanmar are Bengali, the Bengali mosque's architecture is prevalent in this country (Chuamin, 2004: 283). KousumbaMosque is one the most important building that is made by this kind of spatial organization. This mosque belongs to the 16th century and has never been restored (Dani, 2018: 4). It is seem that kousumba mosque is a prototype for mosque builders in Myanmar and Bangladesh. The mosque has three different section including: open space. Green field and a part of building is built without borders. On the other hand, the mosque of Imam Isfahan is chosen as the prototype of the Iranian mosque. One of the reasons for this is that today there is a minor changes can be saw in construction time line from initial construction to current era. The next reason is the importance and reliability of this building in terms of architectural and structural value and the main role of architects from Isfahan during the economic prosperity of Abadan. Eventually, the period of construction of this building and its continuous use, especially in recent times, have been of interest in the impact of this type on the architecture of other regions of Iran. The Masjid-i Imam, formerly known as Masjid-i Shah, was built on the south side of Isfahan's maydan, the royal square of Isfahan that had been built under Shah 'Abbas. The Imam mosque of Isfahan belonged to the beginning of the 11th century AH (Hillenbrand, 2008, 151), and construction type of this mosque is four-porch (chahariwani) (Pirnya, 2013: 76). Following the Iranian traditional mosque plan, the Masjid-i Shah has a court (50 by 67 meters) surrounded by a two-story arcade on four sides with four iwans, one at the center of each side, and a domed sanctuary behind the southwest iwan, oriented towards Mecca. However, the mosque's plan presents an interesting variation: behind each lateral iwan (on the northwest and southeast) is a domed chamber. In this way, the building is formed around the central courtyard, and four porches in the four walls of the rectangular courtyard are located and in the direction of the Qibla there are Domes and Shabestan (Molazadeh, 1999: 53). It seems that with the analysis of these mosques and their comparative comparisons, the Rangooniha mosque could be the genealogy of the mosque's architecture. The comparative study is formed by analyzing the macro-organization, how private spaces are communicated, how to provide the hierarchy of entry, how to access the Shabestan, how to get light and ventilation, way to use the nature and privacy system.
4- Conclusion
The results of comparative study show that subcontinent architects have been influenced by the Iranian architecture. These can be described as follows:
Although the Rangooniha mosque is similar to the Kousumbamosque in the form and decoration, but it is similar to the imam mosque of Isfahan in the field of circularization and creation of space, too.
a. Enclosure and confidentiality
Passing from outer space to the courtyard and indoor space, while feeling confident, the feeling of narrowing of space is reduced. While in the Kousumbamosque, entering the open space into a closed space causes a feeling of lack of open space and confidentiality.
b. Open and closed spaces
In the mosques of Rangooniha and Imam, the closed space and the outer space have a separation section. While the mosque has a direct connection between indoor and outdoor space.
c. Private-public spaces:
The Rangoon mosques and the Imam mosque of Isfahan have a more private space than the KousumbaMosque. Passers by the KousumbaMosque can see the shabestan completely.
d. Arrivals
In the Rangooniha mosques and the Imam mosque of Isfahan Outdoor spaces (outdoor, without borders), enterance (sardar) (closed and restricted space and separator), Outdoor courtyard (open-air separated from the open space) is connected with shabestan (closed hall for gathering) but There is a connection between the outdoor mosque and the open space in the KousumbaMosque.
e. Access to Shabestan:
In the mosque of Rangooniha and the Imam mosque of Isfahan, access to the main entrance is from the “sardar” to the courtyard and then the shabestan, but in the mosque there are several main entrances.
f. Space Function
In the Rangoon mosque and the Imam, the place of study and education is located on both sides of the “Mihrab”, but is located on the right side of the Mihrab at the KousumbaMosque. There is a separation between the place of teaching of worship in Imam Mosque of Isfahan and Kousumba, but this is not the case in the Rangooniha mosque.
g. Lighting into space
The illumination of the Rangooniha mosque and the Imam mosque of Isfahan are from the main courtyard and Shabestan surrounding the courtyard, and the free area around the mosque has major shading areas, but in the mosque there is an unobstructed light and air conditioning.
h. Gardening
The plant does not exist in the main courtyard of Rangoon mosques and Imam Mosque of Isfahan, and its cultivation has been done in the courtyards and surrounding gardens. In the mosque of Kousumba, around the mosque is completely covered with plants and trees.
i. Space Concealment
Passers by the presence of the courtyard cannot see the space inside the mosques of Rangooniha and Imam. But passersby have seen the Kousumbamosque in a relative way.
References:
1- Arenheim, R, the Dynamics of Architectural Form, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1977: ISBN 978-0-520-03551-5.
2- Chuamin, o, Religions in Myanmar, Journal of Wisdom and Islamic Philosophy, No. 10 & 11, 281-290, Qom: Summer and autumn 2004.
3- Dani, A. H., Muslim Architecture in Bengal (Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 15- 18, 2018.
4- Dari, A, Talischi, Gholamreza, Explaining the Transparency of the Spatial Structure of Iranian Architecture in the Safavid era (Case Study: Hasht Behesht pavilion and Imam Mosque in Isfahan), Journal of Studies on Iranian-Islamic City, No. 27,50-41, Spring 2018.
5- Dizany, E, Finding the Patterns of Indian Mosques Architecture, bagh-e nazar, No. 48, 69-82, 2018.
6- Gharibpour, A, The Termology of Architectural function, The Journal of honarhay-e ziba, Vol. 18, No. 1, 57-68, Tehran: Spring 2013.
7- Hasan, S. M. "Some Interrelations between Persian Islamic and pre Mughal Begal Architecture", Sh, Vol. 1, Dacca, 50- 52, summer 1978.
8- Hillenbrand R., Safavid Architecture, The Cambridge History of Iran, ed. P. Jackson, Cambridge, 1986, translation in Persian: Yaghoub Azhand, Jamie, Tehran: 2008.
9- Hojjat, M, Space Perception, Ravagh, Vol 1, Issue 1, 17-23, Tehran: 1998.
10- Karimian, A, Rangoon mosque A work of Indian architecture in Abadan, the growth of the teaching of history, No. 32, 54-55, autumn 2008.
11- Mehregan, H, Mohammadi Bidsareee, I, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SHAH MOSQUE IN ISFAHAN AND SHIRAZ VAKIL MOSQUE, JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON IRANIAN ISLAMIC CITY, Vol. 6, Number 22, 79-86, Tehran, Winter 2015.
12- Mollazadeh, K, Imam Mosque of Isfahan, Encyclopedia of Historical Monuments in the Islamic Period, Vol. 3, Tehran, Islamic Culture and Arts Research Center, 1999.
13- NouriNejad, S, Bat Goran: Hindu Temple in Bandar Abbas, Artwork, No. 12, 19-32, Autumn and Winter 2014.
14- Pirniya, M.K, Stylistics of Iranian Architecture, AliMohammad Ranjbarkeramani, Gholamhossein Memarian, Tehran, Soroush-e-Danesh Publication, 2013.
15- Saremi Nayini. A., a comparative study of Baluchistan mosques architecture and decorations and those of India during Timurids period, The Quarterly Journal of Subcontinent Researches. University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Year 6, No. 18, 71-88, Zahedan: Spring 2014.
16- Vitruvius, P., The Ten Books on Architecture, Том 1 з серії Dover Architecture, translation in English: Ingrid D. Rowland, Thomas Noble Howe, Translation in Persian by Rima Fayyaz, the University of Art, First Printing, Tehran, 2008.
- انتشار مقاله: 20-12-1398
- نویسندگان: بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه ای
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مکانیابی,شوش,مدل تاپسیس,گردشگری رودخانهای
- چکیده: رودخانهها از جمله مکانهایی هستند که در طول تاریخ همواره مورد توجه بشر بودهاند؛ هم بهعنوان مسیر حملونقل و هم بهعنوان منبع تأمین غذا، آب شرب و آب موردنیاز در بخش کشاورزی. از طرفی جذابیتهای ویژۀ طبیعی موجب شدهاست تا رودخانهها به مکانهایی درجهت تفریح و گذران اوقات فراغت تبدیل شوند. پتانسیلهای تفریحی و گردشگری رودخانهها منجر به ایجاد گونهای از گردشگری موسومبه «گردشگری رودخانهای» شدهاست. شهرستان شوش، در منطقۀ شمال استان خوزستان با دارابودن سه رود دائمی کرخه، دز و شاوور ازلحاظ ایجاد و توسعۀ گردشگری رودخانهای دارای موقعیت مناسبی است. با توجه به پراکندگی گردشگران در اطراف این سه رودخانه که موجب آلودگیهای زیستمحیطی در این نواحی شده، در پژوهش حاضر به مکانیابی سایتهای گردشگری رودخانهای در شهرستان شوش پرداخته شدهاست. پژوهش حاضر به روش پیمایشی انجام شده و گردآوری اطلاعات و تعیین معیارهای مکانیابی ازطریق مطالعات کتابخانهای و میدانی با استفاده از توزیع پرسشنامه خبره صورت گرفتهاست. انتخاب سایتها ازطریق تحقیقات میدانی صورت گرفته و از میان نوزده سایت پیشنهادی، چهار سایت با پتانسیل قابلقبول برای انجام بررسیهای مربوط مشخص شدهاند. بهمنظور وزندهی معیارها از روش آنتروپی شانون و برای تحلیل دادهها از مدل تاپسیس بهره گرفتهشدهاست. چهار سایت انتخابی شامل سایتهای رداده، شصتمتری، ناجیان و خماط بهلحاظ دارابودن شرایط اولیه مانند مساحت کافی، سهولت دسترسی و بهداشت محیط نسبتبه دیگر سایتها در اولویت بوده و از نظر سایر معیارهای مکانیابی در پژوهش حاضر به حیطۀ قیاس و رتبهبندی گذاشته شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد، با توجه به هستههای زیستی، فاصله از شهر و تأسیسات شهری، میزان ظرفیت محل درجهت انجام فعالیتهای تفریحی رودخانهای، محدودۀ ناجیان در ساحل غربی رود کرخه در بهترین وضعیت برای احداث مجموعۀ گردشگری بودهاست؛ بهگونهایکه کمترین آسیب را به محیط زیست وارد کرده و از تابآوری محیط نکاهد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: --
- انتشار مقاله: 28-07-1399
- نویسندگان: صدیقه سلاطی,بهزاد وثیق,عبدالرحمن دیناروند
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: فرهنگ رضوی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: حرم رضوی,حس معنوی مکان,فضاهای مذهبی
- چکیده: امروزه مفهوم حسمکان به عنوان ابزاری برای سنجش و تبیین کیفیت فضا به کار میرود؛ با این حال این ابزار در فضاهایی با زمینۀ حافظۀ جمعی، نمیتواند معتبر باشد. لذا تدوین چارچوبی که به ابعاد معنوی فضا توجه کند، ضروری است و توجه به تدوین راهبرد سنجش حس معنوی مکان ضروری به نظر میرسد. هدف از این تحقیق بیان مولفه هایی است که بتواند نواقص نظری حسمکان در فضاهای مذهبی آرامگاهی را برطرف کند.
مهمترین فضای معنوی ایران، بارگاه ملکوتی امام رضا(ع) است؛ لذا این مجموعه به عنوان نمونه موردی برای سنجش و تدوین حس معنوی مکان، انتخاب شده است. روش انجام پژوهش به صورت ترکیبی شامل روش های پیمایشی و همبستگی با رویه توصیفی تحلیلی و مطالعات پایه برمبنای روش های میدانی و استفاده از روش دلفی سامان یافته است. پس از اجماع نخبگان در سه مرحله، پرسشنامه شامل 62 سوال بین زائران حرم به صورت تصادفی، توزیع شد. از میان62 مولفه بررسی شده، علاوه بر مولفه های کالبدی، ادراکی و کارکردی، مولفه هایی مانند اثر مناسک زیارت، ویژگی های جمعی هنگام زیارت و زمینۀ معنوی فردی مولفه های اثرگذار بر افزایش حس معنوی است.- چکیده انگلیسی: Nowadays, the concept of sense of place is used as a tool to measure and explain the quality of space; however, this tool cannot be valid in spaces with regard to the collective memory. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a framework that pays attention to the spiritual dimensions of the space, and it seems necessary to pay attention to the development of a strategy for measuring the spiritual sense of place. The purpose of this study is to express the components that can eliminate the theoretical shortcomings of the sense of place in the religious spaces of the tomb.
The most important spiritual building in Iran is the sacred shrine of Imam Riḍā (as); therefore, this the sacred shrine has been selected as a case study to measure and compile the spiritual sense of place. The research method is a combination of survey methods and correlation with descriptive-analytical method and basic studies based on field methods and Delphi method. After the consensus of the elites in three stages, a questionnaire consisting of 62 questions was randomly distributed among the pilgrims of the sacred shrine. In addition to the physical, perceptual and functional components, the components among the 62 components studied, which affect the increase of spiritual sense are the components such as the effect of pilgrimage rituals, collective features during pilgrimage, and the individual spiritual context.- انتشار مقاله: 06-06-1399
- نویسندگان: بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: فصلنامه پدافند غیرعامل
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: ایلام,پدافند غیرعامل,شهرسازی,بافت شهری,پناهگاه
- چکیده: ایلام شهری است که از دیرباز به علت موقعیت ژئوپولیتیکی، در معرض تهاجمات نظامی بوده است که خسارتبارترین مورد در زمان دفاع مقدس، بر این شهر وارد شده است. باتوجه به پیشینه شهر ایلام در برابر تهاجمات و موقعیت جغرافیایی آن، طراحی منطبق بر پدافند غیرعامل، ضروری به نظر میرسد. آنچه بحث پدافند غیرعامل را در شهر ایلام، ویژه میسازد، موقعیت این شهر در استحکاماتی طبیعی مانند رشتهکوه سیوان و نوع ذهنیت معمارانه طبقه شهری است.از مهمترین عوامل کاهشدهنده تلفات انسانی در حملات نظامی و بلایای طبیعی در مناطق شهری معماری استاندارد و انطباق مساکن با اصولی همچون مکانگزینی و جانمایی بهینه ساختمان، پراکندگی مناسب بنا، رعایت اصول اختفاء، استتار و فریب، درجه مرمتپذیری بالای ساختمان و معماری داخلی ساختمان در ارتباط با پدافند غیرعامل است. روش تحقیق در این مقاله به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات، مطالعات کتابخانهای اسنادی و نیز برداشت های میدانی از محدوده مورد مطالعه است. نگارندگان براساس مطالعات و سنجش وضع موجود با مولفههای بهکارگیری پدافند غیرعامل، بر این عقیده هستند؛ مولفههای بهینه معماری ساختمان و معماری بومی از منظر پدافند غیرعامل در شهر ایلام شامل تعیین طرح هندسی بنا، موقعیت بازشوها، نحوه دسترسی و پیشبینی فضای امن بهعنوان فضای چندعملکردی برای ساختمانهای با درجه اهمیت بالا تا متوسط میباشند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Ilam has been exposed to invasion, Due to its geographical location that the Worst was during the iran-iraq war. According to the Ilam history against attacks and its geographic location, Designing based on passive defense is essential. Because of ilam,s location in the natural fortifications , Sivan Mountains, and ilamian architectural mentality The passive defense in ilam is an importance issue. The most important factors in reducing civilian casualties in military attacks and natural disasters in urban areas are: site selection, the optimum layout of the building, the good dispersion, Principles of concealment, Camouflage and deception, Interior Design Building standard architecture and compliance with the house standards. Analytical descriptive method is the based methodology to study the role of passive defense in planning urban housing. The authors believe that; Determine the geometric design, openings Position, access, Prediction secure environment for multi-functional space for buildings with high to medium priority, Optimized components of the architecture from the perspective of passive defense in Ilam city are the main result in this article to get the best design based on passive defense.
- انتشار مقاله: 29-09-1393
- نویسندگان: بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق,بهزاد وثیق
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: نشریه علمی اندیشه معماری
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: افسردگی,خرمآباد,نور روز,ساختمان مسکونی,سلامت روان زنان
- چکیده: بیان مساله: امروزه، آسیبهای محیطی ناشی از زندگی روزمره در محیطهای بسته مانند خانههای مسکونی و آپارتمانها، سبب شده تا توجه به عوامل فیزیکی و طبیعی خارج و داخل ساختمان، بیشازپیش اهمیت پیدا کند. به عبارتی اثر عوامل فیزیکی و طبیعی بر ذهن و شادابی روحی انسان در محیطهای بسته کاملاً به نحوه استفاده از عوامل طبیعی برمیگردد. یکی از مهمترین این عوامل نور طبیعی روز و نیز شاخصترین حسهای ادراکی در تعامل با محیط و قرارگاه فیزیکی، بینایی است که در انتقال احساسات محیطی به مغز نقش دارد. در این انتقال، نقش نور از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. کمبود نور باعث اختلال افسردگی در زنانی میشود که در کمتر در معرض نور مستقیم خورشید قرار میگیرند.
سؤال تحقیق: ویژگیهای معماری بهخصوص نوع نورگیری مجتمعهای مسکونی چه تأثیری بر میزان افسردگی زنان خانهدار ساکن در این بناها دارد؟
اهداف تحقیق: هدف از این پژوهش اهمیت و تأثیر نور طبیعی آفتاب محیط مسکونی بر زنان خانهدار بهعنوان یکی از آسیبپذیرترین اقشار در رابطه با افسردگی میباشد. در این مقاله سعی شده که اهمیت نور طبیعی در معماری و ایجاد فضای مطلوب و شایسته انسانی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی انسان بیان شود.
روش تحقیق: مطالعه حاضر به روش علّی- مقایسهای انجام پذیرفته است. گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق مطالعات کتابخانهای و پیمایش مبتنی بر استفاده از پرسشنامه افسردگی بک BDI–II و بهصورت نمونهگیری در دسترس بر اساس فرض مقاله مبنی بر رابطه میان نورگیری محیط مسکونی با افسردگی زنان خانهدار ساکن در آن، بر روی 60 نفر از زنان ساکن در مجتمعهای مسکونی مسکن مهر شهر خرمآباد در دو گروه 30 نفری، با دو میزان معین آفتابگیری در منزل مسکونی اجرا شده است.
مهمترین یافتهها و نتیجهگیری تحقیق: نتایج نشان میدهد در این مجتمعها توجهی به اثر متغیرهای عمق فضا، فاصله بین تودهها و جهتگیری آن و بالتبع میزان نور روز در فضا نشده است. نتایج بهدستآمده از روش آماری استنباطی T استودنت حاکی از صحت و قبول فرض بوده و چنین استنباط میشود که بین میزان نورگیری منزل مسکونی با افسردگی زنان خانهدار ساکن در آنها رابطه معنادار وجود دارد.- چکیده انگلیسی: Research Problem: One of the opportunities of architecture is that, through the design of form, space and materiality, it can order our relationships with each other and our environment by creating interactive settings for life. It can do this in such a way as to provide opportunities to improve our sense of well-being, enrich our lives, make our lives healthier and more pleasurable. The shaft of sunlight in a recessed window seat that creates a moment of warmth and calm, combined with a glimpse of nature, soft and acoustically absorbent seat materials, and the tactile delight of the smooth grip to adjust a wooden shutter. Well-being is intimately linked with moments of delight. To an extent, such stimuli happen all the time, often without being recognized or designed, but when they are orchestrated throughout a building the effect is cumulative. A poor building has few such moments and leaves our lives impoverished, whereas a successful piece of architecture is one where there is an accumulation of many moments of delight that support the five ways of well-being. Depression is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric disorder that affects how we feel and how we think about ourselves and the world around us. Cognitive theories of depression have long posited that various thought processes are involved in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes. Depression often coexist but sometimes are difficult to distinguish. An essential part of an indoor environment design is to deliver both the visual task needed as well as a healthy lighting system. In this article, healthy residential environment is discussed as an architectural field of light. Eyesight is one of the most important human senses to interact with the physical environment، plays a major role in conveying emotion environment to the brain. Light of is very important in this transmission. Light deficiency impairs the chemical composition of brain neurotransmitters، especially serotonin. Serotonin quantity is one of the causes of depression. In this article، the authors tried to investigate on daylight as an important factor in the house design and creating a favorable environment for improving the quality of human life. The aim of this study is the effect of natural light in residential environment due to human physical and mental influence at housewives.
Research Question: What is the effect of the type and amount of light in residential complexes on the rate of depression in housewives?
Research Method: To address the review questions, an electronic search was conducted of magiran, sciencedirect, sid.ir, PsychINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for relevant English-language peer reviewed journals published between 1990 and 2013. An initial list of publications was generated via a database search using the keyword terms “gender,” treatment,” “Depression”, “therapy,” “psychotherapy,” and “treatment.” A secondary search was conducted by manually reviewing reference sections of works returned from the initial database search. The study based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and based on the assumption to define the relationship between housewives living in its residential environment with depression, on 60 women (in two groups of 30 people). The results of T-test statistical method assume that the accuracy is acceptable. It can be assumed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of house sunshinability and housewives’ depression amount. Housewives have been selected from among the women living in the maskan-e-mehr. The reason for choosing this complex is its size and population. Also in this complex, some units do not have proper lighting. People living in these housing units have the same economic and social conditions. The architectural features of the houses in these complexes such as the color of the walls, the texture, the architectural plan, the height of the houses, etc. are the same.
The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The results show that in these case studies (maskan-e-Mehr Khorramabad) due to the variables of space depth, distance between buildings and its orientation, the amount of daylight and its effect has been neglected. The results obtained from Student's T-distribution show that the research hypothesis is correct. It is also inferred that there is a significant relationship between the amount and type of light in a residential house and the depression of housewives living in them in maskan-e-Mehr Khorramabad.- انتشار مقاله: 20-11-1398
- نویسندگان: بهزاد وثیق,عطاالله یاری کیا
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: هویت شهر
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: اقتصاد خلاق,بازآفرینی,بافت تاریخی,بازار دزفول,صنایعدستی,صنایع خلاق
- چکیده: هدف کلی از پژوهش حاضر، توسعه اقتصادی است که با ایجاد در نظام مدیریت شهری در کنار دسترسی به خدمات، امکانات و بهرهبرداری از قابلیتهای اجتماعی ساکنان محله مقدور میگردد. این تحقیق با سنجش مؤلفههای محرک اقتصادی خلاق، بهاندازه گیری و ارائه راهکارهای پیشنهادی پرداخته است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جمعآوری دادهها با برداشتهای میدانی و توزیع 176 پرسشنامه در میان کسبه محله بازار و ساکنین که به روش طبقهای سیستماتیک انتخابشده بودند، گردآوریشده است. نتایج بهدستآمده نشان میدهد شاخصهایی که میتوان در بازآفرینی محله قدیم بازار دزفول با رویکرد اقتصاد خلاق استفاده کرد عبارتاند از صنایعدستی، صنایع خلاق (صنایع فرهنگی) و صنعت گردشگری. اطلاعات بهدستآمده، با استفاده از آزمونهای برازش نکویی «خی دو»، «تی تک نمونهای» و «رتبهبندی فریدمن» تجزیهوتحلیل شده است. درنهایت با استفاده از آزمون مقایسهای دلفی مدلهای راهبرد دهی، راهبردهای مناسب جهت بازآفرینی محله بازار دزفول با رویکرد اقتصاد خلاق پیشنهادشده است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Achieving economic development is one of the most important goals of planners and city managers, which can be achieved through the establishment of urban management system along with access to services and facilities and the utilization of social amenities of residents of the neighborhood. This research focuses on the regeneration of the Dezful bazar neighborhood with an emphasis on creative economics. Strengthening the creative economy or the creative industry is increasingly emphasized by city officials. It is a platform for the development of the economy or even the city as a whole. The creative economy tends to develop in large cities or in centers with historic capital. What is important here is the ability to attract capital and develop natural resources through the attention to local capital and the growth of existing businesses. In this research, the traces of economic regeneration in urban regeneration approaches and theories have been investigated and their role has been clarified and several examples of foreign and domestic urban regeneration projects have been introduced. In this study, firstly, the recognition of the Dezful bazar neighborhood and its historical context as the base studies is examined and then the potential of the creative economy in the neighborhood is discussed. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical based on the subject and objectives. This research is also involved with the case study method, that is, the results of the studies carried out are to provide suggestions for a particular instance (the same neighborhood). Data were collected by a closed questionnaire and a targeted interview. In this study, commercial modeling techniques are used to analyze the information obtained, and the obtained economic indicators are extracted from the results. According to this method, what are the "indicators of creativity that can be effective in regeneration the economist in the Dezful city bazaar neighborhood?" At first, the background of this approach has been studied in the opinions of the thinkers and urban experts and their main ideas have been extracted. Also, by using a questionnaire and interviewing of the bazaar neighborhood, the views of the residents were gathered in relation to the research questions. In the end, proposals will be made regarding bazaar neighborhood regeneration with a creative economics approach, and the practical implications of these proposals will be presented in most executive projects. Data gathered from questionnaires were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and Friedman rankings. Finally, with the help of Delphi's comparative test, suitable strategies for a redevelopment of the Dezful city Market neighborhood and the creative economy approach are proposed. At first, the background of this approach has been studied in the opinions of the thinkers and urban experts and their main ideas have been extracted. Also, by using a questionnaire and interviewing of the bazaar neighborhood, the views of the residents were gathered in relation to the research questions. In the end, proposals will be made regarding bazaar neighborhood regeneration with a creative economics approach, and the practical implications of these proposals will be presented in most executive projects.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-02-1397
- نویسندگان: سیده معصومه بزرگ زاده کلوری,سید نادر پورموسوی,بهزاد وثیق
- مشاهده