چکیده:
بیان مساله: امروزه، آسیب‌های محیطی ناشی از زندگی روزمره در محیط‌های بسته مانند خانه‌های مسکونی و آپارتمان‌ها، سبب شده تا توجه به عوامل فیزیکی و طبیعی خارج و داخل ساختمان، بیش‌ازپیش اهمیت پیدا کند. به عبارتی اثر عوامل فیزیکی و طبیعی بر ذهن و شادابی روحی انسان در محیط‌های بسته کاملاً به نحوه استفاده از عوامل طبیعی برمی‌گردد. یکی از مهم‌ترین این عوامل نور طبیعی روز و نیز شاخص‌ترین حس‌های ادراکی در تعامل با محیط و قرارگاه فیزیکی، بینایی است که در انتقال احساسات محیطی به مغز نقش دارد. در این انتقال، نقش نور از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. کمبود نور باعث اختلال افسردگی در زنانی می‌شود که در کمتر در معرض نور مستقیم خورشید قرار می‌گیرند. سؤال تحقیق: ویژگی‌های معماری به‌خصوص نوع نورگیری مجتمع‌های مسکونی چه تأثیری بر میزان افسردگی زنان خانه‌دار ساکن در این بناها دارد؟ اهداف تحقیق: هدف از این پژوهش اهمیت و تأثیر نور طبیعی آفتاب محیط مسکونی بر زنان خانه‌دار به‌عنوان یکی از آسیب‌پذیرترین اقشار در رابطه با افسردگی می‌باشد. در این مقاله سعی شده که اهمیت نور طبیعی در معماری و ایجاد فضای مطلوب و شایسته انسانی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی انسان بیان شود. روش تحقیق: مطالعه حاضر به روش علّی- مقایسه‌ای انجام پذیرفته است. گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایش مبتنی بر استفاده از پرسشنامه افسردگی بک BDI–II و به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس بر اساس فرض مقاله مبنی بر رابطه میان نورگیری محیط مسکونی با افسردگی زنان خانه‌دار ساکن در آن، بر روی 60 نفر از زنان ساکن در مجتمع‌های مسکونی مسکن مهر شهر خرم‌آباد در دو گروه 30 نفری، با دو میزان معین آفتاب‌گیری در منزل مسکونی اجرا شده است. مهم‌ترین یافته‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری تحقیق: نتایج نشان می‌دهد در این مجتمع‌ها توجهی به اثر متغیرهای عمق فضا، فاصله بین توده‌ها و جهت‌گیری آن و بالتبع میزان نور روز در فضا نشده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از روش آماری استنباطی T استودنت حاکی از صحت و قبول فرض بوده و چنین استنباط می‌شود که بین میزان نورگیری منزل مسکونی با افسردگی زنان خانه‌دار ساکن در آن‌ها رابطه معنادار وجود دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Research Problem: One of the opportunities of architecture is that, through the design of form, space and materiality, it can order our relationships with each other and our environment by creating interactive settings for life. It can do this in such a way as to provide opportunities to improve our sense of well-being, enrich our lives, make our lives healthier and more pleasurable. The shaft of sunlight in a recessed window seat that creates a moment of warmth and calm, combined with a glimpse of nature, soft and acoustically absorbent seat materials, and the tactile delight of the smooth grip to adjust a wooden shutter. Well-being is intimately linked with moments of delight. To an extent, such stimuli happen all the time, often without being recognized or designed, but when they are orchestrated throughout a building the effect is cumulative. A poor building has few such moments and leaves our lives impoverished, whereas a successful piece of architecture is one where there is an accumulation of many moments of delight that support the five ways of well-being. Depression is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric disorder that affects how we feel and how we think about ourselves and the world around us. Cognitive theories of depression have long posited that various thought processes are involved in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes. Depression often coexist but sometimes are difficult to distinguish. An essential part of an indoor environment design is to deliver both the visual task needed as well as a healthy lighting system. In this article, healthy residential environment is discussed as an architectural field of light. Eyesight is one of the most important human senses to interact with the physical environment، plays a major role in conveying emotion environment to the brain. Light of is very important in this transmission. Light deficiency impairs the chemical composition of brain neurotransmitters، especially serotonin. Serotonin quantity is one of the causes of depression. In this article، the authors tried to investigate on daylight as an important factor in the house design and creating a favorable environment for improving the quality of human life. The aim of this study is the effect of natural light in residential environment due to human physical and mental influence at housewives. Research Question: What is the effect of the type and amount of light in residential complexes on the rate of depression in housewives? Research Method: To address the review questions, an electronic search was conducted of magiran, sciencedirect, sid.ir, PsychINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for relevant English-language peer reviewed journals published between 1990 and 2013. An initial list of publications was generated via a database search using the keyword terms “gender,” treatment,” “Depression”, “therapy,” “psychotherapy,” and “treatment.” A secondary search was conducted by manually reviewing reference sections of works returned from the initial database search. The study based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and based on the assumption to define the relationship between housewives living in its residential environment with depression, on 60 women (in two groups of 30 people). The results of T-test statistical method assume that the accuracy is acceptable. It can be assumed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of house sunshinability and housewives’ depression amount. Housewives have been selected from among the women living in the maskan-e-mehr. The reason for choosing this complex is its size and population. Also in this complex, some units do not have proper lighting. People living in these housing units have the same economic and social conditions. The architectural features of the houses in these complexes such as the color of the walls, the texture, the architectural plan, the height of the houses, etc. are the same. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The results show that in these case studies (maskan-e-Mehr Khorramabad) due to the variables of space depth, distance between buildings and its orientation, the amount of daylight and its effect has been neglected. The results obtained from Student's T-distribution show that the research hypothesis is correct. It is also inferred that there is a significant relationship between the amount and type of light in a residential house and the depression of housewives living in them in maskan-e-Mehr Khorramabad.
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