در هنگام جستجو کلمه در قسمت عنوان میتوانید کلمات مورد جستجو را با کاراکتر (-) جدا کنید.
کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مدیریت بدن,سبک زندگی,جهانی شدن فرهنگی,بازاندیشی,آگاهی از جهانی شدن,فناوریهای نوین اطلاعاتی و ارتباطاتی
- چکیده: بیژن خواجه نوری، استادیار بخش جامعهشناسی دانشگاه شیراز * لیلا پرنیان، دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات زنان دانشگاه شیراز چکیده امروزه جهانی شدن [1] با مختصات نوپای خود پدیدهای است که موجب پیدایش زلزلهای در جغرافیای سیاسی شده است و تمامی ساختارهای کلان فرهنگی و اجتماعی را تحتالشعاع خود قرار داده است. از جمله پیامدهای ژرف جهانی شدن میتوان به تأثیرات آن بر ساحت فرهنگ اشاره نمود. لذا امروزه نظریهپردازی در حوزه تأثیرات جهانی شدن بر تغییر فرهنگ جوامع و زندگی افراد مورد توجه قرار گرفته و بخشی از این نظریات در زمینه تأثیرات آن بر نگرش و رفتار افراد جامعه است. این تحقیق به بررسی ارتباط جهانی شدن فرهنگی و مدیریت بدن زنان پرداخته است . در ابتدا، مطالعات پیشین بررسی شده و سپس با استفاده از نظریه گیدنز و رابرتسون فرضیات تحقیق به آزمون گذاشته شدند. این مطالعه به روش پیمایش و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری آن، زنان و دختران شهر کرمانشاه بودند. روش نمونهگیری مورد استفاده، تصادفی سهمیهای چند مرحلهای بوده است و حجم نمونه براساس جدول لین، با سطح معناداری 95 درصد و خطای 4 درصد برابر با 597 نفر برآورد گردید که برای اطمینان بیشتر و به منظور کاهش میزان خطا، نمونه تا 600 نفر افزایش داده شد. شایان ذکر است که متغیر جهانی شدن فرهنگی به عنوان متغیر مستقل، شامل: مصرف وسایل ارتباط جمعی، میزان آگاهی از جهانی شدن، نگرش نقش جنسیتی، سبک زندگی و میزان بازاندیشی بوده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشاندهنده آن است که بین متغیرهای: بازاندیشی، سبک زندگی مدرن، استفاده از فناوریهای نوین اطلاعاتی و ارتباطاتی، سبک زندگی دوستانه، آگاهی از جهانی شدن و نگرش نقش جنسیتی با متغیر وابسته مدیریت بدن ارتباط معنادار و مثبتی وجود دارد. همچنین، براساس نتایج رگرسیون چند متغیره، متغیرهای: استفاده از فناوریهای نوین اطلاعاتی و ارتباطاتی، سبک زندگی مدرن، سبک زندگی دوستانه و بازاندیشی در مجموع توانستند 2،52 درصد از تغییرات متغیر مدیریت بدن را تبیین کنند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
With the appearance of recent developments in modern culture and the globalization trend, and then technologies related to body, body management has become more important than before. The body and its management are cultural subjects related to social values and norms and if the cultural elements change in cultural globalization, the "behaviors" of humans change in this field, too. In fact, the nature of consumption and the nature of body in modern society and globalization era have made the body management behaviors such as make up, diet, aesthetic surgery, etc. are more frequent among women and have made an important social problem.
Materials & Methods
In this study, a quantitative approach and measurement method was used and the necessary data was collected by using a questionnaire. Research population included the girls and women aged 18 â 65 years old, residing in Kermanshah, of whom 600 individuals were randomly selected as sample size according to Lin's Table. The method was multi-stage quota sampling method. The face validity and construct validity methods (Factor analysis technique) were used to assess the instrument's validity.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
According to the findings the two variables of traditional mass media and traditional lifestyle, have no meaningful relationship with body management. Perhaps it can be said that the relationship between traditional mass media and body management is not significant because the former's tools, such as national TV and radio, are directed by governmental and official organizations so they cannot ignore officially accepted cultural norms. Concerning the relationship between traditional lifestyle and body management it seems that people with traditional lifestyle use traditional mass media more so and are not therefore influenced by global messages in relation to the body.
On the other hand, the study findings indicate that there is a positive and strong relationship between new informative and communicative technologies with body management. It seems that new informative and communicative mass media are effective on body management due to vast possibilities concerning make-up and fusionism. Even some satellite channels, internet sites and periodicals have been established in relation to body and its management exclusively. Other findings indicate that modern lifestyles have a positive relationship with body management. People who follow modern lifestyles welcome the modern and global measures in relation to bodily beauty because body management is one of the modern lifestyles' elements.
Finally, based on multivariable regression findings the four variables of new informative and communicative technologies, modern lifestyle, friendly lifestyle and inspection, were able to explain 52.20 percent of the dependent variable's changes.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: لیلا پرنیان,بیژن خواجه نوری
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: جوانان,سبک زندگی,روش کیفی,مهاباد,تمایز اجتماعی
- چکیده: شهر مهاباد از نظر تراکم نشانگان فرهنگ قومی، شیوههای مصرف و سبکهای زندگی همواره مورد توجه دیگر شهرهای کُردنشین و حتی غیر کُردنشین بوده است. تغییر و دگرگونیهای ناشی از توسعه، موقعیت خاص جغرافیایی این شهر و وجود امکانات مناسب در مقایسه با دیگر شهرهای کُردنشین، باعث مهاجرت فراوان مردم از شهرها و روستاهای اطراف به این شهر شده است.این پژوهش برای سنخ شناسی سبکهای زندگی در بین جوانان پسر شهر مهاباد، با استفاده از رویکرد تفسیرگرایی اجتماعی، کنشها و ایدههای شکلدهنده سبک زندگی را بررسی مینماید. در بخش نظری، با استفاده از آرای اندیشمندان مختلف در حوزه مصرف و سبک زندگی چارچوبی مفهومی تنظیم و برای سنخشناسی سبکهای زندگی استفاده شده است. روش کار، کیفی (نظریه مبنایی) است، و دادههای میدانی با استفاده از تکنیک مصاحبه عمیق و معیار اشباع نظری در بین 25 نفر از جوانان پسر 18 تا 29 سال شهر مهاباد گردآوری شدهاند. یافتههای بهدست آمده، شامل شش سبک زندگی به شرح ذیل است: پیشامدرن، مدرن، علمی، ورزش محور، شادزیست و جهانمحلی.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
Lifestyle is one of the modern concepts to which particular attention has been paid in the last century, especially after World War II. This term is the product of the modern world in which hobby choices and behaviors are considered to be based on individual choices and behaviors due to the weakening of structural variables such as social class. Young people could be considered important to study and analyze their lifestyles. They determine their social identity using a variety of factors (such as " a lot of culture consumption, much production of culture and reproduction of cultural activities" (Wyn and White, 1997: 86). On this basis, "lifestyle, consumer behaviors and choices and so on are of very high importance in life, and are considered as the basis and foundation of social identity formation" (Bourdieu, 1984 Lash & Urry, 1987 Featherstone, 1991 Giddens, 2008). Therefore, it is greatly important to study the status of social identity of youth and how to shape and redefine it in the current situation. On this basis, the present study aims at reviewing various theories about lifestyle, providing a conceptual framework, and extracting core concepts of lifestyle based on the opinions of scholars and empirical research related to the subject, and finally suggesting a typology of current lifestyles among youth in the city of Mahabad.
Materials & Methods
The method used in this research is qualitative. Qualitative method is appropriate to examine the issues in which in-depth understanding of complexities, details and context of the phenomenon under study are emphasized. Lifestyle is also a complex, multi-dimensional and diverse phenomenon, which means that it has many obscure and unknown aspects, and there are many components and elements consisting of the lifestyle, which may vary among individuals. Among the various methods that can be used for qualitative research, we picked grounded theory method, which means discovery of theory from the data that are produced as a posterior on the basis of social research. Thus, unlike methods that focus primarily on the evidence of hypotheses and theoretical propositions, this approach emphasizes the generation of theory (Dunican, 2006). Field data were collected using semi-structured interviews and participant observation techniques. 25 young boys in the range of 18 to 29 years old were finally included in the sample. The sampling method is a theoretical sampling, in which the sample selection process depends on the extent to which the sample to be selected can clarify a theory and idea that it is being developed and formed, and on the extent to which it helps the moving flow. In theoretical sampling, the sample size is determined with the theoretical saturation criterion that is, whenever researcher finds that more interviews do not provide new information and insights, or data are being repeated, or nothing new is discovered, he does not continue the process of sampling and collecting data (Mohammad Pur, 2010). In this study, to obtain more complete and better results, we have considered the concept of sampling with maximum changes, due to the assumption of diverse lifestyles. Sampling with maximum changes, environments, activities, events, and informed people are deliberately chosen so that they make different and more diverse positions available to the researcher (Wimmer & Dominick, 2008). Accordingly, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 young boys in the city of Mahabad. After the initial survey, three interviews were removed, and finally, 25 people formed our sample size.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
Considering the new situation and changes in the global and local levels, no doubt a phenomenon such as lifestyle has also changed, and has taken different forms and different aspects, influenced by modern processes. Meanwhile, modern processes and phenomena of technological progress and communication technologies have strongly affected the lives of young people, leading them to accept patterns from generalistic objectives. However, an approach to tackle and to some extent combat with those which make global events also exists, which is proportionally less powerful. The identity of young people in today's changing and fluid world is uncertain and greatly changeable, and the youth are often confused, with discord of opinions and actions. They both pay attention to the modern phenomena and the local identifiers. They have shaped their identity with the selection of their lifestyle elements, and give it direction in order to make them and their lifestyles different from others with different lifestyles. The distinction between these individuals is obvious, and the difference can be found in every element of their lives. Thus, lifestyle gives both identity and distinction.
In addition, these people accept separate styles with presence in different types of social status. In sum, we can conclude that along with the increasing importance of lifestyle in the recent period, this problem was apparent in the youth of our study, and their lifestyle typically leads life and determines identity. The variety of lifestyles in the present era can be found in this study, and there are six lifestyles (pre-modern, modern, scientific, sports-oriented, joyful and global-local) that prove this claim. As the most active population of society, the youth are not passive, and they value their agency. They try to shape their own lifestyles, and have access to a certain lifestyle according to the social status and influence of the prevailing global trends. Choosing any lifestyle forms patterns, norms, actions, thoughts, and generally an identity in a person, and distinguishes him/her from other people who choose different lifestyles. The modern world and its identifiers and changes, the increasing cultural capital in families, plenty of access to new elements and facilities, and special attention to the youth in this process all have enormous and undeniable influences in shaping lifestyles and consequently identities that fit within them.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: سید فهیم ایراندوست,امید قادرزاده
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: تعامل,موفقیت تحصیلی,حضور اجتماعی,دانشگاه مجازی
- چکیده: هدف اصلی نظامهای آموزش مجازی و غیرمجازی، یادگیری حداکثر مفاهیم از منابع انتشار یافته، بهویژه از مدرس به یادگیرنده است. با توجه به اهمیت میزان تعامل و حضور اجتماعی در افزایش میزان یادگیری و همچنین، گرایش روز افزون دانشگاهها به سمت و سوی دانشگاه مجازی، در این تحقیق کوشش شده به مقایسه میزان تعامل،حضور اجتماعی و رابطه آن با موفقیت تحصیلی دانشجویان دانشگاه مجازی و غیرمجازی دانشگاه اصفهان پرداخته شود . هدف دیگر پژوهش، بررسی این رابطه برحسب عوامل دموگرافیک است. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی- همبستگی بود ه است. برای جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه تعامل چیه هیزانگ (2001) و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته برای مؤلفه حضور اجتماعی استفاده شد. 85 نفر از دانشجویان مجازی و 150 نفر از دانشجویان غیرمجازی به عنوان نمونه به طور تصادفی از میان دانشجویان مجازی و غیرمجازی دانشگاه اصفهان انتخاب شدند. داده های به دست آمده از این پژوهش از طریق نرمافزار SPSS تحلیل گردید . نتایج نشان داد که بین تعامل و میزان حضور اجتماعی دانشجویان در دورههای غیرمجازی و مجازی رابطه مثبت معنیداری وجود دارد. همچنین، رابطه بین تعامل با موفقیت تحصیلی فقط در دانشجویان مجازی مثبت و معنیدار است. بین حضور اجتماعی و موفقیت تحصیلی دانشجویان در هر دو گروه غیرمجازی و مجازی رابطهای وجود نداشت. میزان تعامل و حضور اجتماعی در دانشجویان غیرمجازی دانشگاه اصفهان بیشتر از دانشجویان مجازی بود و بیشتر دانشجویان در هر دو گروه شیوه آموزش غیرمجازی را نسبت به شیوه مجازی ترجیح می دادند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
The main purpose of all educational systems is to learn the maximum concepts of emission sources, and especially from teachers. Regarding the importance of social presence and interaction in increasing studentsâ learning and universitiesâ tendency to virtual education, the present study attempts to investigate the relationship between aforementioned variables such as social presence, interaction and studentsâ academic achievement. Literature review indicates that one of the big differences between online learning systems with on-campus ones are in the rate of students' social presence. The rate of social presence in virtual environments is less that face to face classes. Researchers and experts in this field are trying to decrease the gap between these two systems by increasing the interactivity level of students by using a variety of methods. The main purpose of this paper is to find differences between these two mentioned systems according to their rate of students' social presence and their interactivity. Comparing these variables according to students' demographic information and academic achievement is the other purpose of this paper.
Materials and Methods
The study method is descriptive and correlational. Statistical population includes students of online courses and on-campus students at University of Isfahan in 2011-2012 academic year. Sample includes 85 online students and 150 on-campus students, who were selected randomly. For gathering data, Chih-Hsiung (2001) Social Presence Inventory and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. Data obtained from this study were analyzed by using SPSS software.
Discussions of Results & Conclusions
The obtained results indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between studentsâ interaction and their social presence in both groups. The rate of students' interaction and social presence of on-campus students is more than online course users and students in both groups prefer on-campus method rather than online one. There is only significant positive relationship between online studentsâ interaction with their previous academic achievement. Examination between interaction and gender show that there are differences between male and female students only with regard to educational environments. In the on-campus case, there is not a difference between girls and boys but in online environment, girls are more active than boys. Comparing studentsâ interactions according to academic fields indicate that there are differences between students in terms of academic disciplines: students of Executive Management and Marketing are more interactive students of Library Sciences. Overall, with regard to the results of the present study and the literature review, there are differences between students of online learning and on-campus students regarding social presence and interaction. The type and rate of the interaction is different in both groups according to demographic factors. According to results recommendations are made for policy makers and other educational planners.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: سپیده نیکونژاد,بی بی عشرت زمانی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: هوش هیجانی,خودآگاهی,خودکنترلی,مهارتهای اجتماعی,هوشیاری اجتماعی,اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی
- چکیده: امروزه منابع مختلف اجتماعی با تأکید بر اهمیت ظاهر بدنی و ارائه معیارهای زیبایی تقریباً به دور از دسترس، زمینهساز مشکلات جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی برای افراد و بخصوص زنان جوان شدهاند. اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی یکی از اختلالات روانی است که در پی همین فشارها و مطالبات اجتماعی به وجود میآید. مطالعه حاضر سعی دارد با تعیین میزان اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی در بین دختران جوان، ارتباط این اختلال را با مفهوم هوش هیجانی که از عوامل مؤثر بر بهداشت روانی افراد است، بررسی کند. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل تمامی دختران دانشجوی مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه تبریز در سال تحصیلی 92-91 به تعداد 4514 نفر است که از این تعداد، 376 نفر به روش تصادفی طبقهای به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدهاند. دادهها به روش پیمایشی و با ابزار اندازهگیری پرسشنامه گردآوری شده و با استفاده از نرمافزار20- SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدهاند. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی با هوش هیجانی و مؤلفههای آن که در این تحقیق بررسی شد (خودآگاهی، خودکنترلی، هوشیاری اجتماعی و مهارتهای اجتماعی)، همبستگی منفی و معنادار دارد. با لحاظ تحلیل رگرسیونی، متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق در کل، 28 درصد از تغییرات اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی را تبیین میکنند و از چهار مؤلفه هوش هیجانی، بعد خودآگاهی با 498/0- = Beta و بعد مهارتهای اجتماعی با 208/0- = Beta بیشترین مقدار واریانس اضطراب فیزیک اجتماعی را پیشبینی میکنند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
In contemporary society, the mass media emphasizes the importance of physical appearance and provides unattainable standards of beauty which may lead to mental health and social problems for people, especially young women. Social physique anxiety is one of these mental disorders which can occur as the result of these social pressures. This anxiety arises when a person thinks that his or her body is evaluated negatively. Various issues may happen because of anxiety, so trying to prevent and treat anxiety is very valuable. Researchers have shown that emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with all kinds of anxiety, and strong emotional intelligence can reduce anxiety dramatically. This study tries to determine rate of social physique anxiety in young women. It also tries to determine the correlation of these disorders with emotional intelligence as one of the factors affecting mental health. Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. People with highly developed emotional intelligence are usually self-smart - they are able to make sense of what they do, the thoughts they have, and why they feel what they feel. They also communicate effectively and are able to tune in and empathize with others. They are better at handling relationships of every kind and are more likely to be happy and fulfilled. Theorists believe that emotional intelligence is an important factor in reducing social anxiety. They argue that individuals will find ways to cope with stress by controlling their emotions. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence in explaining this type of anxiety, we want to investigate the existence and quality of the relationship between emotional intelligence and social physique anxiety.
Materials and Methods
The statistical population of this study includes all undergraduate female students of Tabriz University (4515 individuals). Research Sample is chosen through Cochran Formula (367 subjects). This study is done through survey method and we used closed questionnaire for collecting the data. To measure the components of emotional intelligence we used questions that were adapted from a standard emotional intelligence questionnaire. In order to measure the social physique anxiety, we used a close-ended questionnaire in Likert scale format. Finally, we analyzed the data by SPSS software.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
According to the results of descriptive statistics, the mean of social physique anxiety variable is below the average and emotional intelligence mean is above the average among respondents. Other results show that emotional intelligence and its components (Self-awareness, self-controlling, social consciousness, and social skills) have a negative and significant correlation with social physique anxiety. In other words, social physique anxiety decreases by increase in self-awareness, self-control, social awareness, social skills and emotional intelligence in general. According to the regression analysis results, independent variables are able to explain 28% of the variance of social physique anxiety. Among these variables, "self- awareness" with a Beta of -0/498 and "social skills" with a Beta of -0/208 are significant factors in predicting social physique anxiety. This negative relationship between social physique anxiety and dimensions of emotional intelligence is parallel with previous studies in the literature. According to these findings, we can infer that women who have low scores in emotional intelligence, cannot resist against the fear of the significant others and are afraid of others' judgments about their appearance. Thus they experience social physique anxiety when they assume that their appearance is contrary to accepted standards of beauty.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: مرضیه مختاری,محمد عباس زاده
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: رضایت شغلی,تعهد سازمانی,مشهد,هتل,مشارکت شغلی
- چکیده: هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر مشارکت شغلی و تعهد سازمانی بر رضایت و عملکرد شغلی کارکنان در صنعت هتلداری شهر مشهد است. پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف آن، کاربردی و از حیث نحوه گردآوری دادهها از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه کارکنان هتلهای سه، چهار و پنج ستاره در شهر مشهد تشکیل میدهند که از این میان تعداد 267 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدهاند و اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوری شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. نتایج نشاندهنده این است که تعهد عاطفی و تعهد هنجاری، رضایت شغلی و عملکرد شغلی را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهند، مشارکت شغلی، تعهد عاطفی و تعهد هنجاری را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد و در نهایت، مشارکت شغلی بر رضایت شغلی و عملکرد شغلی تأثیرگذار است. مدیران میتوانند از طریق توجه به مشارکت کارکنان در تصمیم گیریها و با استفاده از سیستمهای تشویقی مناسب، سعی در افزایش تعهد کارکنان و همچنین بالا بردن رضایت و عملکرد شغلی کارکنان نمایند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
Managers clearly understood that the most important factor in competitive advantage is organization's human resources. As a result, the attention to commitment and loyalty to the organization's human resources has increased. One of the major problems of organizations is employee's relocation, job loss, lack of interest and lack of pride in the organization, less motivation and ultimately leaving the organization. All of these have a high cost for the organization, including decrease in productivity and empowerment, and increase in cost of education, and employment, as well as the loss of organizational knowledge, which is very costly and heavy. Management commitment, could lead to beneficial outcomes such as organizational effectiveness, improved performance, reduced absenteeism, and reduced mobility. The aim of this research is to examine the structural relationship between job involvement and organizational commitment on employees' job satisfaction and performance in hotel industry in Mashhad city
Materials and Methods
This research, in terms of its purpose, is applicable and in terms of data collection is descriptive-survey research. According to research hypotheses, a conceptual model was constructed, considering the relationship between job involvement with job satisfaction and job performance. Based on this model, job involvement is measured in relationship with affective commitment, continuous commitment and emotional commitment. The populations of this research are all staff of three, four and five star hotels in Mashhad city, of whom 267 individuals were randomly selected as research sample using Cochran formula. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used. Content validity was used to test the validity of the questionnaire. For reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which for organizational commitment is 89%, for job satisfaction is 91%, and for job Involvement is 84%.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
According to the results, every organization's most valuable asset is its human capital. This valuable capital have a direct impact on the failure or success of the organization. With hopes of developing a sense of commitment to its employees, every organization should have managers who are aware of the importance of this human capital, because individuals who are committed to the values and goals of the organization, play more active roles in the organization and are less likely to leave the organization. The results also indicate that affective commitment and normative commitment influence job satisfaction and job performance. Job involvement also influence affective commitment and normative commitment. Finally, job satisfaction and job performance are influenced by job involvement. By respecting employees' involvement in decision making and by using an appropriate incentive system, managers can increase their employees' commitment to the organization, and also improve job satisfaction and performance. Due to the high rate of mobility of workers in the hospitality industry, managers need new and diverse approaches to increase the commitment of their employees. In order to provide satisfaction and commitment to the needs of the employees, hotel management companies should be sufficiently sensitive.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: علی کاظمی,حامد درخشیده
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: توسعه پایدار,مازندران,محیطی,نگرش زیست - محیطی,عملکرد زیست - محیطی,نگرش زیست,عملکرد زیست,دانشگاههای شمال
- چکیده: توسعه پایدار، فرایندی از تغییر است که بهرهبرداری از منابع، مدیریت سرمایهگذاریها، جهتگیری توسعه تکنولوژیک و تغییرات سازمانی را همزمان با نیازهای کنونی و آینده مطمح نظر قرار میدهد. در این راستا، شناسایی و تبیین نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به محیط زیست، به عنوان قشر آگاه و تأثیرگذار جامعه، گامی اساسی و مهم در سیاستگذاریهای زیست - محیطی و تربیت نسلی آگاه به محیط زیست و مخاطرات آن و چگونگی مقابله با آن است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی نگرش و عملکرد زیست محیطی دانشجویان دانشگاههای دولتی سطح استان مازندران است. با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری طبقهای و براساس فرمول کوکران، تعداد 406 نفر از 10313 نفر دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاههای مذکور به عنوان نمونه تعیین و اطلاعات مربوطه با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمعآوری شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به محیط زیست مثبت بوده، اما به رفتارهای زیست - محیطی چندان پایبند نبودهاند. 53 درصد از دانشجویان مورد بررسی از رسانههای دیداری به عنوان منبع اصلی اطلاعات زیست - محیطی استفاده میکنند. همچنین، دانشجویان ساکن شهر، در مقایسه با دانشجویان روستایی، رفتارهای زیست - محیطی مطلوبتری از خود نشان دادند. نگرش و عملکرد زیست - محیطی دانشجویان بر حسب جنسیت هیچ تفاوتی نداشت و بین نگرش و عملکرد زیست محیطی دانشجویان رابطه ضعیفی وجود داشته است. همچنین، نگرش و عملکرد زیست - محیطی دانشجویان برحسب منابع اطلاعاتی و تصور فرد از عملکرد زیست - محیطی خانواده متفاوت بود.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
Recent developments in theory and research give hope for building the understanding needed to effectively alter human behaviors that contribute to environmental problems. Behavior change strategies that are consistent with peopleâs knowledge and awareness of global environmental changes are therefore necessary in order for a sustainable policy to be developed. Environmental attitudes are conceptualized in terms of attitude theory as being composed of beliefs and affects toward an object .Because attitudes are viewed as hypothetical mental states underlying constructs which influence a variety of verbal statements, no single verbal statement yields a particularly good measure of attitude. Sociologists Dunlap and VanLiere(1978) have hypotheses sized a new environmental paradigm(NEP) in contrast to what Pirages and Ehrlich(1974) call our societyâs Dominant Social Paradigm(DSP), i.e., traditional values and beliefs such as economic growth, material progress and technological optimism. The NEP represents a constellation of values, attitudes, or beliefs which are âperhaps best captured by spaceship earth metaphorâ. NEP scale (Dunlap et al., 2000) was used to measure environmental attitudes. The NEP addresses four aspects of an environmental worldview with three statements for each: the realization of limits to growth, anti â anthropocentrism, belief in the fragility of the balance of nature, rejection of human exceptionalism. Attitudes were measured with five â point, Likert type scales ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Among twelve statements, there are nine positively (pro â environmentally) narrated statements and three negatively narrated statements. Sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs, to overcome environmental problems. Furthermore, sustainable environment requires manpower with compatible attitudes towards the environment and sustainability. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the environmental attitudes and behaviors of university students.
Materials & Methods
The present study utilized survey method and the main tool for data collection is questionnaire. Given that the focus of the study is to assess studentâ environmental attitude and behaviors, the unit of analysis in this study is university student and level of analysis is micro. With calculations of Cochran formula, 406 of 10313 students were determined in seven state universities in Mazandaran province. A Survey method was applied and data-gathering tool was questionnaire, the validity of which was achieved by applying face validity. To this end, 406 students of different universities (including Mazandaran University, Babol Industrial Noshirvani University, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences, and Babol University of Medical Sciences) were selected using stratified sampling. A total of 406 students were interviewed face to face, using questionnaire. Having examined the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the main data sets were collected and analyzed. Four hypotheses were examined. Data entry, editing and final processing was performed by SPSS software.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
The results of this research showed that 53 percent of the surveyed students used public media as the main source of environmental information. Urban studentâ attitudes were more favorable to the environment. Environmental attitudes and behaviors of the sample students were not different in terms of gender. There was a weak relationship between environmental attitudes and behavior. Also, environmental attitudes and behaviors were different by the family âenvironmental performance, and informational resources related with environmental attitude and behavior. In conclusion, it can be said that based on the descriptive and inferential findings while students attitudes toward the environment seem to be positive, their environmental performance is not and should be changed, if we want to achieve to a sustainable development. Therefore, in any major decision and national policy aiming at sustainable development, we should consider the factors that reinforce environmental responsible behavior. By helping students to recognize the importance of environment, we can boost the spirit of protection of the environment and increase a sense of responsibility among them.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: زهرا پازوکینژاد,صادق صالحی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: وفاق اجتماعی,هویت ملی,تعمیم یافته,اعتماد (بین شخصی,نهادی)
- چکیده: موضوع بررسی حاضر، شناخت رابطه بین اعتماد و ابعاد آن به عنوان یکی از مهمترین دغدغههای بشری و وفاق اجتماعی منتهی شونده به نظم اجتماعی است. ویژگیهای اجتماعی و قومیتی جامعه مورد بررسی و وجود خرده فرهنگهای قبیلهای و طایفهای، لزوم دقت به وفاق و همبستگی اجتماعی در این جامعه را ضروری میسازد. چارچوب نظری این پژوهش بر نظریه نوین اشتومکا استوار است. در این تحقیق وفاق اجتماعی با چهار مؤلفه یا ارزش عامگرایی، عدالتگرایی، دینداری و وفاداری به میهن، اعتماد نیز در سه بعد اعتماد بین شخصی، اعتماد تعمیم یافته و اعتماد نهادی سنجش شدهاند. به منظور سنجش صحیحتر، متغیر میانجی هویت ملی و متغیرهای زمینهای نیز در این تحقیق دخالت داده شدهاند. روش تحقیق پیمایش و دادهها با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه در بین حجم نمونه 385 نفر از ساکنان 20 سال و بالاتر شهر گنبد کاووس واقع در استان گلستان انجام گرفته است. نتایج تحلیل آماری نشان داد که بین اعتماد و وفاق اجتماعی رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین، بین ابعاد اعتماد در سه بعد اعتماد بین شخصی، اعتماد تعمیم یافته و اعتماد نهادی و نیز متغیر میانجی هویت ملی با وفاق اجتماعی نیز رابطه مثبت و معناداری دیده شده است. یافتههای حاصل از تحلیل دادهها نشان میدهد که از بین ابعاد اعتماد، بعد نهادی آن بیشترین رابطه و قدرت تبیینکنندگی متغیر وابسته را داراست.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
The is a study of the relationship between trust and social consensus among people of 20 years old and above in Gonbadekavoos. Social consensus is an important background for social order, especially when we talk about the inner order of society and social trust have been one of the most important factors for development of social capital and for social interactions and relations leading to social order. Characteristics of tribal culture of the research place (Gonbadekavoos) should be taken into consideration because solidarity is an important issue there and social consensus in that city is very crucial. Therefore the real question in this study is: is trust related with social consensus? What kinds of relationships exist between different types of trust and social consensus? Do trust influence social consensus? Our most important research goals include determining the amount of social consensus, trust and its dimensions, identifying the intensity and quality of the relationship between trust and social consensus in different tribes, identifying differences in the amount of social consensus and significance this difference has according to such variables as sex, education, and ethnicity. The theoretical framework of this research is based on the theory of Pioter Sztompka. He considers trust as a software factor in social order and one of the pillars of moral society.
Material & Methods
The present research is descriptive and explanatory in nature and the main tool for collecting information is questionnaire. Social consensus is measured with four public value: universalism, justice-orientation, piety and loyalty to the homeland, and trust in three kinds: Inter- personal trust, generalized trust and institutional trust. The mediating variable, national identity, is also considered. Research population include citizens of 20 years old and above in Gonbadekavoos city in 2012. For determining sample size Cochran formula was used and systematic random sampling method. Cranach's Alpha Coefficient was measured to make sure of the reliability of the research tool. Analyses were done by using SPSS.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
The results of the descriptive findings shows that social consensus average is 3.07 in a 0-5 scale, which means it is average to up, and trust average is 2.70, a little bit below the average point (3). Different dimensions of trust, including personal, generalized and institutional each have the averages of 3.20, 2.10 and 2.89 respectively, and the average for mediating variable, national identity, is 3.53.
59% of the sample are men and 70% of them are in the age group of 20-39 years old. More than two third of the sample are born in city areas and about 75% them are married. More than two third of the participants are working and about 68% of them own a house. About 43% of the sample are Fars, about 41% are Turkmen and the rest are Turk (9/1%), Sistani (2/9%), Baluch (1/8 %) and 1/5% belonged to other ethnic backgrounds.
The analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between trust and social consensus and this is a moderate relationship (R=0/41). With regard to the amount of k-Square coefficient, the trust variable can predict about 17% of the changes of the dependent variable, social consensus. Institutional trust has the most impact alone on social consensus. It alone predicted 17% of the changes of social consensus and generalized trust explained only 0/7% of these changes. National identity as a mediating variable predicted about 40% of the changes of social consensus. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that a moderate correlation (R2=0/248) exists between independent and dependent variables.
The results showed that relationship between trust and social consensus among the Fars is stronger compared to other ethnic groups.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: صفیه مهدی زاده افروزی,غلامرضا خوش فر
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: رضایت شغلی,هویت جنسیتی,زنان کارفرما,مردان کارفرما,زنانگی و مردانگی
- چکیده: اهمیت و نقش هویت جنسیتی در تشکیل ساختار روانی و شخصیتی افراد درون نظام اجتماعی موجب شده است که همواره این متغیر به عنوان عنصری کلیدی در مباحث و پژوهشهای علوم اجتماعی و تربیتی تحلیل و بررسی شود. این متغیر به عنوان شاخصی برای سنجش زنانگی و مردانگی بر نقشهای اجتماعی یادگیری شده و ترجیحات جنسی شکل یافته دلالت دارد. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین چگونگی تأثیرگذاری هویت جنسیتی کارفرمایان زن و مرد بر اولویتهای عوامل ایجاد رضایت شغلی صورت گرفته است. روش این پژوهش، پیمایشی و ابزار گردآوری دادهها، پرسشنامه دارای قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار است. جامعۀ آماری را کارفرمایان مناطق صنعتی شهر نجفآباد از استان اصفهان تشکیل میدهند. حجم نمونه 180 نفر هستند که با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای با احتمال متناسب با حجم انتخاب شدهاند. نتیجه حاصل از تحلیل نشان میدهد که کارفرمایان هویتهای جنسیتی متفاوتی دارند که میتواند بر اولویت عوامل ایجاد رضایت شغلی تأثیر بگذارد. نتایج نشان میدهد زنان و مردان کارفرمایی که بعد مردانگی هویت جنسیتی آنان قویتر است بیشتر به عوامل وضعیتی رضایت شغلی، مانند: افزایش درآمد، توسعه تجارت، رشد کسب و کار و ...اهمیت میدهند و کارفرمایانی که بعد زنانگی هویت جنسیتی آنان قویتر است، عوامل رضایت مبنی بر داشتن روابط خوب با کارکنان، مشارکت در جامعه، کمک به دیگران و ... را به عوامل وضعیتی ترجیح می دهند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
The importance and the role of gender identity in constituting the mental and personal structure of people within the society has caused this variable to be analyzed as one of the key elements in subjects and researches of the social and cultural sciences. This variable implicates as an index for evaluation of the femininity and masculinity on learned social roles and formed gender priorities. In recent years, job satisfaction and its related subjects have been introduced as one of the important research areas in the sociology of occupations. Job satisfaction is the pleasure and joy that an individual gains from his or her work. Several studies have been performed relating to job satisfaction of employers and managers. In some of them, researchers have studied the motivating factors of job satisfaction for masculine and feminine employers. The results show that the motivating factors in females are different from the motivating factors in males and this difference is related to gender (being men or women). But perusing results show that we cannot prioritize job satisfaction factors by considering people's gender. For example, some of the results show that feminine employers (in comparison with masculine employers) emphasize job satisfaction factors based on situation derived from increasing economic advantages, trade development and business growth, although they merely emphasize social â internal job satisfaction factors derived from the relationship with costumers and perusing social goals . On the other hand, other surveys show that some feminine employers put more emphasis on job satisfaction factors based on situation and some masculine employers put more emphasis on socialâinternal job satisfaction factors. Thus we cannot determine which job satisfaction factor has the highest priority for a masculine or a feminine employer. So, the gender controversy and important discrepancies coming out of it lead sociologists to study sex and the gender. The term sex implies the biological and physical differences between men and women, but gender implies personal and mental characteristics and cultural, psychological and social acquisitive differences between men and women that society determines. So we need to study the relationship between masculinity and femininity (gender identity) and job satisfaction factors. This study concerns the effects of masculinity and femininity dimensions of gender identity on determining the priorities of job satisfaction factors among employers.
Materials & Methods
The data of this study is gathered by quantitative method, survey technique and questionnaire. Statistical population is composed of the employers of NajafAbad industrial city, Isfahan. Sample size is 180 individuals, selected by cluster sampling method with probability proportional to the sample. In the part related to the evaluation of the gender identity, Bem Sex-Role Inventory was used for the evaluation of the male and female dimensions of gender identity.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
After surveying the results using Bem tool and computation of the results, four main groups of the employer's gender identities were determined in underlying statistical sample. It showed that in masculine sample % 26.7 with high scores in masculine scale have a masculine identity, %16.8 with high scores in feminine scale have a feminine identity, %34.7 with high scores in two masculine and feminine scales have a both-gender identity (hermaphrodite) and %21.8 with low scores in both masculine and feminine scales have an indifferent identity. Also, in feminine sample, %35.5 have a feminine identity, %10.1 have a masculine identity, %40.5 have a both-gender identity and % 13.9 have an indifferent identity. There is a meaningful difference in X2 TEST between belonging to both-gender identity groups (masculine and feminine) and the rate of importance rendered to job satisfaction situation factors (X2 = 10.542 , df=1. sig= 0.000 ) . It means there are differences between employers with masculine identity and employers with feminine identity in the rate of the importance they render to the situation factors. In addition, the evaluation rank average for situation factors is higher between the employers with masculine gender identity. The results of the X2 test show that the employers in feminine gender identity group in statistical sample (compared to masculine identity employers) put more emphasis on participation in society, assistance to others and having good relationship with employees. The X2 test shows no meaningful difference for the evaluation of the relationship among employers gender identity and the rate of the importance they render to corresponding with the costumers. (X2 = 0.352, df= 1, sig= 0.553).
So the results show that the employers with stronger masculine gender identity dimension , pay more attention to satisfaction factors associated with situation development (e.g. increasing salary , trade development , having leadership role and guiding a great company with rapid growth ), compared to employers with stronger feminine gender identity dimension. Moreover, employers with stronger feminine gender identity dimension prefer satisfaction factors based on having good relations with employees, participation in society and association with others to situation factors. Totally, the results show that gender identity is a proper anticipator for determining the priorities of job satisfaction factors of the employers, because masculine gender identity is related to satisfaction factors based on situation and feminine gender identity is related to satisfaction factors based on relationship with employees and participation in society.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: فرشته قیصریه نجف آبادی,وحید قاسمی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه اجتماعی,حریم خصوصی,بافت قدیم,محرومیت نسبی,تحرک سکونتی,رضامندی سکونتی
- چکیده: جابهجاییها به مثابه پارادایم معاصر در علوم اجتماعی، ناظر به بررسی جابهجایی افراد، ایدهها و اشیا و همچنین دلالتهای اجتماعی گستردهتر این جابهجاییهاست. جابهجاییهای سکونتی درون شهری به مثابه یکی از انواع بسیار متداول جابهجایی، عامل مهمی در ایجاد تغییرات اساسی در حوزههای مختلف شهری است. تغییر محل سکونت در درون شهرها نقش مهمی در تغییر نظامهای شهری و ساختار فضایی شهری دارد. عوامل مختلفی در سطح فردی، اجتماعی، کالبدی، فضایی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و ترکیبی از آنها زمینهساز این جابهجاییهاست. این پژوهش به صورت پیمایشی بر روی 240 پاسخگوی ساکن در محلههای قدیمی خمینیشهر با هدف سنجش میزان گرایش به نقل مکان به محلههای جدید شهر و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد که در مجموع ساکنان این محلهها گرایش متوسطی به جابهجایی دارند، اما نهایتاً حدود 65% تمایل خود و خانوادهشان را برای جابهجایی به محلههای جدید ابراز کردهاند. نتایح تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله مراتبی نشان میدهد که سه متغیر رضامندی از محل سکونت و سرمایه اجتماعی و اهمیت حفظ حریم خصوصی، وزن بیشتری در تبیین گرایش به جابهجایی به محلههای جدید در خمینیشهر دارد. نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک نیز مؤید نتایج مذکور است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction Mobility has attained a considerable significance as a topic in social theory and research in recent years. The so-called âmobility turnâ or ânew mobilities paradigmâ (Sheller & Urry, 2006) is the clearest effort to bring together different types of movements into a single analysis, and to challenge tendency of social sciences to treat stability as normal and mobility as problematic. The main reason for paying attention to the issue of urban mobilities and residential preferences in the past few decades was its social, demographic, cultural and spatial consequences. On the other hand, intra-urban migration which is done mainly from the old valuable urban cores into the new and the middle areas, influences the socio-spatial structure of urban areas and increases the exhaustion of old textures of urban areas. Now the problem of old urban areas is a major issue in most cities. Many studies (Lee, 1966 Kahn, 2007 Baker, 2002, (Pourahmad et al, 2011 Sajjad and Dastjerdi, 2008 Tavallaei and Yari, 2011 Yosefi & Agajani, 2011) have been done about the causes of residential mobility and their mechanisms. One of the classic and most cited works on residential mobility is Rossiâs âWhy Families Moveâ (1965) which suggested the lifecycle changes of families as the primary reason of their movements. Like Rossi, Speare et al (1974) also emphasize the adjustment to dissatisfaction. According to their analysis, dissatisfaction ultimately results in moving behavior and is the direct result of changes in the needs of a household, changes in the social and physical amenities offered by a particular location, or a change in the standards used to evaluate these factors. Lee and others (2011) have concluded that a subjective assessment of neighborhood has a significant impact on the thought of movement, but has little effect on the real movement. Besides these factors, increasing social capital and cohesion in neighborhood will strengthen neighborhood stability by encouraging residents to prolong their residence time. In the theory of relative deprivation, it is claimed that migration is not accidental behavior, but is a response to elimination of poverty. In general, most research projects conducted on the residential mobility tend to focus on the demographic characteristics of the household. These studies sometimes reported inconsistent results. Quigley and Weinberg (1977) mentioned many of the inconsistencies that have arisen from definitional differences, differing analytical methods and non-parallel sampling procedures. Having said all that, the theoretical framework of this study is a combination of different models in which most of the variables have been selected from the theoretical literature. While not relying on any particular theoretical approach or model, the sociological approach has the main weigh in the selection of variables. Materials and Methods This research was conducted in survey method, with the unit of analysis being the individual and the level of analysis being micro. The population of the study consisted of 20-year-and-older citizens of Khomeinishahr, a city located in 12th km north-west of Isfahan and currently divided into old and new tissues. According to statistics of the 2011 General Census, this city has a population of 61,240 individuals over 20 years old. Using Cochran formula, sample size was calculated to include 240 subjects. Satisfaction of residence, social capital, religiosity, a sense of relative deprivation, and the importance of privacy constitute our independent variables and tendency toward moving to a new area is the dependent variable. Also variables such as age, gender, education and variables related to characteristics of housing such as type of housing, construction period and area where it is located were considered as control variables. Face validity was used to assess validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess reliability of the measurement scale. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Results indicate that the overall tendency of residents to movement is low to moderate (46.7 out of 100) and the mean of the behavioral dimension is higher than both dimensions of feelings and behavior. In addition, about 65% of subjects responded to the question of relocation, definitely. The overall mean of all items indicate that satisfaction rate of the facilities is moderate. About overall residential satisfaction, most of the respondents have moderate satisfaction from district facilities (mean 51 out of 100). However, the rate of satisfaction with life is moderate to low and most of them think the region and the local space in which they live is a good place to live in (mean 41.6 out of 100). The amount of social capital in neighborhood is moderate to low (42.9 out of 100) Findings indicate that respondents give great importance to the privacy and solitude and prefer to live more conveniently, untouched by informal controls. When it comes to the feeling of deprivation, most respondents believed that the status of welfare, income, education and housing in their neighborhood is not much different from new neighborhoods. The results show that more than 80% of respondents endorse religiosity of their family. Among the socio-demographic variables, only gender is significantly related to the tendency toward moving. This is consistent with the findings of the Kin (1961) whereas age, education, household size, and the old housing is not in a significant relationship with tendency towards moving. Also, results indicate that there is not a significant relationship between different income groups and tendency toward moving. However, the findings suggest that there is a negative correlation between religious beliefs and the tendency toward moving. Hierarchical regression analyzes indicate that among all independent variables entered into the model (satisfaction, social capital, religiosity, importance of privacy, relative deprivation) with the control of socio-demographic variables, only three variables, namely, privacy, satisfaction, and social capital were able to stay in the model and explain 39% of the variance of the tendency toward moving to new neighborhoods. Also, it is observed that among the socio-demographic variables, only gender is significant however, this has very little impact on the increasing adjusted R square coefficient so it can be ignored. Logistic regression analysis partially confirmed the results of the hierarchical regression.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: اکرم بیات,فاطمه تقی پور,رضا همتی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: هویت قومی,دینداری,هویت ملی,یاسوج,دانشآموزان متوسطه
- چکیده: بررسی رابطۀ هویت ملی و قومی از برجستهترین موضوعهای مورد توجه جامعهشناسان و محققان خارجی و ایرانی بوده است. این رابطه را میتوان در پرتو تأثیر دو دسته عوامل گریز از مرکز و یا گراینده به مرکز بررسی کرد. در دهههای اخیر، متأثر از جهانی شدن و تضعیف هژمونی تئوریهای "دنیوی شدن"، دین و دینداری از مهمترین عوامل مرکز گریز و یا مرکزگرا در سرتاسر جهان بودهاند. مقاله حاضر، با فرض گرفتن نقش مرکزگرایی دین در ایران، با روش کمّی و پیمایشی، به بررسی رابطۀ هویت قومی و ملی دانشآموزان متوسطه شهر یاسوج با تأکید بر نقش دینداری پرداخته است. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، رابطۀ هویت قومی و ملی مثبت بوده و ابعاد چهارگانۀ دینداری، به ویژه ابعاد اعتقادی و عاطفی آن، همبستگی مثبت و مستقیمی با هویت ملی پاسخگویان داشتهاند. همبستگی ابعاد دینداری، به استثنای بعد پیامدی، با هویت قومی پاسخگویان معنیدار نبوده است. بر اساس آزمون همبستگی جزئی میتوان گفت، علیرغم مثبت بودن رابطۀ دینداری و هویت ملی، میزان تأثیر دینداری بر بسط دایرۀ هویت جمعی پاسخگویان از هویت قومی به هویت ملی زیاد نبوده و این متغیر توانسته است، تنها 14 درصد از واریانس هویت ملی پاسخگویان را تبیین کند.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Nowadays, with the development of mass media and the universalization of culture, the decreasing effect and the shivering position of governments as the most important players of the world after the Cold War, has become one of the most important concerns of politicians and statesmen National identity defines one of the chief and widest rings of our what-ness and who-ness in the modern era, and modifies both the universalistic and particularistic extremities like a communicative vessel. Effective factors on national identity can be analyzed along two intersecting axes of external (supra- national factors) /internal (sub- national factors) as well as centrifugal (sense of deprivation) and centripetal (common culture and religion) forces. In recent years, one of the most important foundational changes in history has been the alteration of the relationship between religion and collective identities. During the Enlightenment to the last decades of the 20th century, many scientists, under the radiance of secularization theories, believed that modernism and developments in literacy would lead to the limitation of religious influence on the realm of private life and the destruction of the collective correlation function of religion. Today, with the collapse of communism and the emergence of new countries out of it, whose national identities are often based on religion, as well as the noticeable inauguration of religious movements worldwide, the effect and importance of religion has steadily attracted attention in the manifestation of collective interactions and social unity or collapse.    Material & Methods  We assumed that religion, as one of the chief factors in attaching the ethnic group of Lors to the bigger Iranian community, can prepare the background for their sense of belonging and unity with the bigger community to a great extent. In other words, according to the religious comm::::union:::: between the Lors and the bigger Iranian community, religion was assumed as one of the chief centripetal forces among the Lors, which can prepare the background for the cultural unity of the Iranian community. The society under study was the high-school students of Yasuj in which over 90 percent of the population belong to Lor ethnicity. The method undertaken was quantitative and surveying, and the data was collected via the questionnaire. Independent and dependant variables of the study were ethnic identity and national identity, respectively. The religiosity variable (in the form of the four-dimensional belief, affection, rite, and consequence) was assumed to be the modifying variable in the relationship between these two collective identities.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  According to the results, of the dimensions of religiosity, only correlation between the consequential dimension and national identity was meaningful and positive. Also, correlation between all dimensions of religiosity and national identity was meaningful and positive. Besides, the amount of the correlation between dimensions of religiosity and national identity was more than that of the correlation between the consequential dimension and ethnic identity. In accordance with the results of the detailed correlation test, the correlation between the two variables of ethnic and national identities decreased, after controlling the effect of the dimensions of religiosity (0.02 percent which is not considerable). Based on the results from regression, it can be said that the two dimension of belief and consequence, respectively, as the most influential dimensions of religiosity variable, could determine 14 percent of the variance of the national identity. The results of the study indicate that religion, as one of the most important cultural capitals of Lor people, has had a great influence on attaching them to the bigger Iranian community. But according to the measure of the mutual correlation, the detailed correlation coefficient, and regression results, there should be no exaggeration about the influence and no neglect for other influential factors on the social and cultural unity of the Lor people with the bigger society.   Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: سید فخرالدین بهجتی اصل,آرمان حیدری,مجید موحد
- مشاهده