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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: هویت,هویت دینی,مرور نظاممند
- چکیده: هویت دینی یکی از مهمترین ابعاد هویت بوده که نقش تعیین کنندهای در هویت یابی افراد ایفا میکند و تقویت این بعد از هویت میتواند موجبات قوام سایر ابعاد و چالش در این حوزه میتواند زمینهساز بحران در سایر ابعاد هویت شود. این ادعا مخصوصاً در جوامعی که دین رکن اساسی آن جامعه را تشکیل میدهد موضوعیت بیشتری دارد. این مقاله بر آن است تا ضمن مرور نظاممند پژوهشهای انجام شده در بیش از یک دهه گذشته (1380 تا 1392) در حوزه هویت دینی و سنجش آن در جامعه، سیمای کلی هویت دینی را در جامعه ایرانی مورد بررسی، چالشها و روایتهای گوناگون سنجش آن را مورد ارزیابی انتقادی و میزان استحکام سازههای آن را در جامعه ایرانی تحلیل نماید. به لحاظ روشی، پژوهش حاضر مرور نظاممندی است که در آن پژوهشهای منتخب در سطح مشخصات عمومی، اهداف و سؤالات، روششناسی، متغیرها، یافتهها و نتایج، طبقهبندی و ارزیابی شدهاند. به طور کلی، یافتههای نشان میدهد که تقلیلگرایی، اعوجاج مفهومی و نبود پایه نظری و روششناختی منسجم مهمترین نقاط ضعف سنجههای هویت دینی در این پژوهشهاست. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهشها حاکی از وضعیت مثبت هویت دینی و ارتباط مثبت و همزیستی بین هویت دینی و هویتهای رقیب (هویت ملی و هویت قومیتی) بجز هویت مدرن و جهانی میباشد. همچنین عوامل ایجاد تصویر منفی یا مثبت از دین در اغلب موارد ناشی از عوامل برون دینی است تا عوامل درون دینی.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Religious identity is a prominent element of social cohesion. Religious identity involves a level of social identity that corresponds with "we" or religious community, and represents a sense of belonging and commitment to the religion and religious community. Religion essentially provides cognitive, ideological, sociological and spiritual resource for identity (Furrow et al 2004). Accordingly, religion locates mainly on the center of individual and group identity (Seul 1999). Religious communities and systems of meaning, are the resources for sense of interest (belonging to another) and approval (as a basis of self-esteem), and in fact, encourage individual excellence and actuality. Religious groups are also considered an important factor in social relations and are responsible for vitality, happiness and general enthusiasm of their followers (Hajiani 2000). Certainly, religious identity is a certain kind of identity formation. It is defined by a sense of group membership to religion and its importance regard to the self-concept. Religious identity is not necessarily equated with religiousness and religiosity . Although these concepts have some overlaps, religiousness and religiosity point to the significance and value of belonging to religious groups and participating in religious events, but religious identity particularly indicates membership in a religious group without participation in religious activities (Arweck and Nesbitt 2010). Also, although religion is faith-based institution and religiosity is practice to its rituals, but religious identity refers to how people understand themselves as religious persons, who accept spiritual and religious values and beliefs within faith community. Therefore, religious identity is a collective identity, which includes membership in religious groups, acceptance of belief system, commitment to religious groups and values, and practices ally with religion. Although there is substantial literature on identity, evidence suggests that the role of religion in shaping individuals' and group's identity is widely ignored. However, a growing number of studies have begun to take into consideration the key role of religion (Arweck & Nesbitt 2010, King and Boyatzis 2004, Peek 2005). This article has attempted to review systematically previous research and conceptualizations on the religious identity based on national studies and surveys and academic dissertations.   Materials and Methods  As mentioned, the purpose of this study was to review the results of some influential researches in the field of religious identity. To get this purpose, one of the best known methods for reviewing previous studies, a systematic review, was applied. Systematic review deals with establishing and synthesizing of researches and evidences with focus on a specific question. This occurs through the organized, transparent, formal, clear and flexible procedures and processes. A systematic review of research is not limited to review the history and this overview and review can be used in different levels, fields and goals. During the first phase of the study, terms of "religious identity", "Islamic identity", "Iranian identity" and "religious identity" was searched at libraries and research centers and in databases such as Center for Scientific Information Database (SID), a database of Iranian journals and magazines (Magiran), Noor specialized journals database, and Science and Information Technology Institute (IrnaDoc). After reviewing the gathered documents and specifying its relationship with the object and purpose of the study, a total of 47 documents were selected. Documents based on the five major parameter were summarized and reviewed: 1-general information, 2-goals and research questions, 3-research methodology, 4-variables, 5-findings    Discussion of Results and Conclusion  Findings show that in the highest percentage (38.2%) of researches, religious identity has been studied as the dependent variable. By contrast, in less than 15 % of the researches, religious identity has been examined as independent variable. Only 29.7 % of studies were descriptive and only religious profile and dimensions have been studied. About 10.6 % of researches were descriptive and have tried to examine relationship between religious identity with other aspects such as national identity and ethnic identity. Finally, in 6.3 % of studies content of various documents such as textbooks have been analyzed.  Results showed that among respondents, attitudinal and behavioral aspects of religious identity did not quite consistent with each other. Although a significant part of respondents, considered themselves as religious, but did not adhere as much to the religious practices and rituals. In general, women had a stronger religious identity. In most researches, religious identity had an inverse relationship between levels of education. Also there was positive correlation among level of age and religiosity.  Generally, religious identity in these studies was assessed positively. Studies showed that there was coexistent relationship between religious identity and rival identities (national identity and ethnic identity). But there were no relationship between religious identity and modern and global identities. Religious identity was the first and most important identity that people know of and define themselves with. Examining the strength of national, religious, global and ethnic identities showed that religious identity is in the first place and national, ethnic and global identities came next.  Detailed analysis demonstrated that among independent variables, new media (the Internet, satellite and mobile) had the highest effect on religious identity and globalization was next. Attitude toward reference groups, mental health, television programs, family, cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital, were among independent variables that had a high frequency. About 10 percent of studies examined religious identity as independent variable. In these researches, effect of variables such as mental health and optimism, social identity, national identity, happiness, and social and political participation on religious identity was investigated.  Finally, the results showed that reductionism (reducing the sense of religiosity to religious identity), conceptual distortion (dispersion and a break in the conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators of religious identity and the lack of coverage of all dimensions) and lack of a coherent theoretical and methodological basis (using small tools, lack of discipline and consistency in the choice of theories and theoretical framework) were the main weaknesses of measures of religious identity. Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: علی قنبری برزیان,رضا همتی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه فرهنگی,همتألیفی,جامعهشناسی علم,انرژی عاطفی,ساختار محلی فرصت,سرمایه فرهنگی رسوبشده
- چکیده: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان توسعهیافتگی جامعهشناسی در ایران به تحلیل شبکه همتألیفی در سه نشریه «مجله جامعهشناسی ایران»، «مطالعات جامعهشناختی» و « فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی» در طی سالهای 1381 تا 1390 با استفاده از نرمافزار پاجک میپردازد. بنمایه نظری این مطالعه را آراء کالینز در جامعهشناسی علم تشکیل میدهد. نتایج، حاکی از آن است که به علت عدم هنجارمندی روابط علمی در جامعهشناسی ایران، ضرورتاً میزان خلاقیت و تولیدات علمی اشخاص وابسته به ساختار محلی فرصت آنان نیست. شبکه همتألیفی مرکب از مؤلفههای پراکنده و دارای اندازه تراکم اندکی است. بزرگترین مؤلفه با 109 راس حدود 25 درصد رئوس شبکه را شامل میشود. حدود نیمی از مؤلفهها دو رأسی هستند و در واقع از کل شبکه جدا ماندهاند. تراکم شبکه همکاریهای دانشگاهی حدوداً 08/0 بوده که بیانگر آن است که تنها هشت درصد از روابط ممکن میان دانشگاهها برقرار است. بنابراین توسعه این دانش در ایران با تردید جدی مواجه است. مرحوم محمد عبداللهی به عنوان برترین جامعهشناس چه به لحاظ میزان تولیدات علمی و چه به لحاظ کیفیت آن، با بیشترین سرمایه فرهنگی و انرژی عاطفی شناخته شد.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Among written academic collaborations, collaborating on writing scientific, research papers have a privileged position. It can show the rate of scientific development in any specialized discipline. T his study investigated the development of sociology in Iran through analyzing the co-authorship network in three main journal of "Iranian Journal of Sociology "," Sociological Studies " (a former Journal of Social Science) and "Quarterly Journal of Social Sciencesâ of Allameh Tabatabai University, during the years 2003-2012. The two main aims were: 1) drawing the structure of co-authorship network and, 2) identifying prolific authors of the structure. The theoretical motif of this study was Collins ideas in the sociology of science. Collins believes that the trajectory of action for everyone at every moment depends on his/her location in the local social structure. The local social structure is the position of the individual in interaction network ( Collins, 2002) . He believes that in the process of generating any idea by a person, the decisive factor is his/her local structure of opportunity. The relationships of individual with the kinds of people determine how much and what kind of cultural capital can be transferred to him/her. The quality of these relationships determines his/her emotional energy. His/her position in the network in centrality or isolation depends on the fluctuation of his/her emotional energy. The more cultural capital and emotional energy have ascribed by everyone, the more increase in his/her status in the local structure of opportunity, affecting his/her creativity and publications positively.    Materials & Methods  The research data was produced through consideration of each article and entering the appropriate information in Excel software. After performing statistical calculations and drawing diagrams in this software, relational data has been generated and was transferred to the Social Network Analysis Software, PAJEK. Using this software, collaboration networks were drawn and calculation of network analysis indicators was performed. To study co-authorship network, indicators such as density, average degree, clustering coefficient, layout of components and their arrangement were used and the cumulative structure of scientific collaborations of the Iranian sociologists were analyzed and interpreted. Using indicators of centrality, the effective and important authors in the process of network communications were studied .   Discussion of Results & Conclusions  The scrutiny of co-authorship network among the prolific authors of the three journals did show that three main attitudes can be recognized: 1) some of the authors do not have a tendency to collaborate at all. For instance, Jalaeepour published nine articles alone. Therefore, he did not attend in the network eternally. 2) The second group was highly eager to publish with others. Tavassoli and Azad Armarki were two outstanding scholars in this group. For example: Tavassoli published nine articles with others (out of his 11 articles). 3) The third group of the authors covered both the above mentioned attitudes Late Mohammed Abdullahi has been placed in this group. It could be concluded that a high rate of publication by a scholar alone shows his strong emotional energy. The results also indicate that because of the lack of normativity in scientific relations at the Iranian sociology, necessarily personsâ creativity and scientific productivity did not depend on their local structure of opportunity. Co-authorship network composed of distributed components and size of density is low . The largest component contains 109 vertices (almost 25 percent of the network vertices) . About half of the components have been dual and indeed separated of the whole network . Academic collaboration network density was about 0.08 it means that only eight percent of the possible relationships among the universities are established . Therefore, the development of this knowledge in Iran is faced with serious doubt . Late Mohammed Abdullahi was known as the top sociologist in terms of his scientific productivity as well as its quality along with the highest cultural capital and emotional energy .  Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: مصطفی علیزاده,حیدر جانعلیزاده چوب بستی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه فرهنگی,سالمندان,محرومیت,مطرودیت اجتماعی,شهر ورامین,جهتگیری ارزشی,پایگاه اقتصادی – اجتماعی
- چکیده: امروزه با روند رو به رشد جمعیت سالمندان در بعضی از کشورهای جهان، از جمله ایران، موضوع سالمندی و مسائل و مشکلات مربوط به آنان از اهمیت فزایندهای برخوردار شده است. یکی از این مباحث، مطرودیت اجتماعی سالمندان است. سالمندان با طردشدگی، در معرض خطرات فزایندهای از جمله مشکلات روحی و روانی و بیماریهای جسمانی قرار خواهند گرفت. سالمندان به عنوان قشری آسیبپذیر با مشکلات متعدد چون کمبودهای مالی، ناتوانی، بیماری، از کارافتادگی و ... مواجه هستند؛ به خصوص زمانی که به علت بازنشستگی و افول فعالیت اجتماعی دچار تضعیف روحیه میشوند. نوع برخورد با سالمندان در این مرحله از زندگیشان بسیار اهمیت می یابد؛ این که همچون دوران جوانی مورد توجه قرار گیرند و یا دچار طرد اجتماعی شوند. در این مقاله عوامل تأثیرگذار بر مطرودیت اجتماعی سالمندان در شهر ورامین، با استفاده از روش پیمایش و تکنیک پرسشنامه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. براساس فرمول کوکران تعداد پاسخگویان 378 نفر است که با استفاده از نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهبندی شده، از میان سالمندان غیر مقیم سراهای سالمند در شهر ورامین انتخاب شدهاند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با نرمافزار SPSS نشان میدهد که متغیرهای جنسیت، سرمایه فرهنگی، پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی و جهتگیری ارزشی با مطرودیت اجتماعی رابطه دارند. به عبارت دیگر، طرد اجتماعی زنان بیشتر از مردان است و سالمندانی که سرمایه فرهنگی، پایگاه اقتصادی-اجتماعی و جهتگیری ارزشی بالاتری داشته باشند طرد اجتماعی کمتری خواهند داشت. بیشترین تغییرات مطرودیت اجتماعی نیز با متغیرهای پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی و سرمایه فرهنگی تبیین میشود.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  With the growing trend of ageing in countries such as Iran, the issue of old population and its implications have become of prominent importance. Ageing coefficient of Iranian population in the year 2011 was 24.35 percent, which has increased nearly 14% compared to 1998. Increase in the countryâs population today is much more noticeable than any time before. Since the problems of the elderly have become a global concern, United Nations has named the year 1999 as âInternational Year of the Elderlyâ. One of the most important topics with regard to the elderly is their social exclusion. Exclusion of the elderly exposes them at risk of mental and physical problems. These people are vulnerable to many problems such as financial shortfalls, disability, illness, especially when the decline of pensions and social activities undermines their morale. Responding to needs of the elderly is very important at this stage of their lives in order to avoid experiencing social exclusion. Ageing of the population, especially the elderly, for countries seeking to provide the security and welfare of older people are a real challenge. On the other hand, costs of increasing elderly population and ignorance of this group for society makes the need for this research. In this research, we study effective factors on social exclusion among Varaminâs elderly. To provide a theoretical framework for the research, various sociological theories, ageing theories and theories of social exclusion were reviewed. Finally, a multilevel analysis model of social exclusion was devised based on a combination of the relevant theories.   Materials & Methods  The study was conducted using the survey method. Number of respondents, according to Cochran formula, is 378 persons, selected by using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire constructed by the researcher. For data analysis, SPSS program, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. To assess the validity and reliability of the research, content validity and Cronbachâs alpha coefficient were used. Cronbachâs alpha for the social exclusion variable was 0.80 and 0.94 for value orientation.   Discussion of Results & Conclusions  Descriptive analysis of the respondentsâ profile showed that most of them were illiterate followed by those with a higher school diploma. The monthly income of 33% of the elderly was between 600 and 800 thousand Tomans. In terms of cultural capital and socio-economic status, approximately 60% of the elderly were belonging to a low-level category. The majority of respondents tended to hold fatalistic value orientation, with women showing more fatalism than men.  In terms of social exclusion, it was the case for 10% of Varaminâs elderly to experience a relatively high level of social exclusion. The majority of them (nearly 74%) experienced a medium level of exclusion while 16% were not excluded at all. Generally, women experienced more exclusion than men.  The results of inferential statistics indicate that gender, cultural capital, socio-economic status, and value orientation are associated with social exclusion. In other words, the social exclusion of women are more than men and elderly with higher cultural capital, socio-economic status and value orientation face fewer social exclusion. According to Bourdieu, cultural capital is accumulated during the socialization of the individual. Those who fail to make use of cultural goods, has no ability to prove their permanent interests. Weber completed the Marx theory, outlined the concept of socio-economic status and believed that a personâs social prestige will be determined in this way. Here, too, the elderly with higher socio-economic status have less social exclusion. Finally the results showed that greatest variance of social exclusion is explained by socio-economic status and cultural capital.    Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: مهدیه لاریجانی,علی اکبر تاج مزینانی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: پایگاه اجتماعی,نفوذ اجتماعی,اقتصادی,پایگاه اجتماعی-اقتصادی,نفوذ اجتماعی- سیاسی دانشگاه,نگرش نوگرا,دانشجویان الگوی ارتباطی خانواده,سیاسی دانشگاه
- چکیده: انسان به سمتی که مینگرد، حرکت میکند. این نگرش انسان است که به زندگی او جهت میدهد و در سرتاسر زندگی او را هدایت میکند. پژوهش حاضر قصد دارد به بررسی نگرش سیاسی – اجتماعی نوگرای دانشجویان و عوامل مؤثر برآن همچون خانواده و دانشگاه بپردازد. چارچوب نظری پژوهش، تلفیقی از نگرههای دانشمندانی همچون دیویی، هگل، آدورنو و فروم است. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی است. نمونه مورد نظر (360 نفر) به شیوه سهمیهای از میان تمامی دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان انتخاب شدهاند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، با توجه به سطح سنجش متغیرهای مورد بررسی، از آمارههای توصیفی و آمارههای استنباطی استفاده شده است. کلیه عملیات اجرایی پردازش دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار Spss و Amos انجام شده است. میانگین نمره نوگرایی کل پاسخگویان نشان میدهد که میزان نوگرایی دانشجویان در حد بالایی است. یافتهها همچنین حاکی از آن است که بین هر دو بعد الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و نگرش سیاسی - اجتماعی نوگرای دانشجویان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. در حالی که جهتگیری گفت و شنود رابطه مستقیم دارد، بعد همنوایی خانواده رابطهای معکوس با نوگرایی دانشجویان داشته است. میان دیگر متغیر مستقل تحقیق، یعنی نفوذ اجتماعی – سیاسی دانشگاه با نگرش دانشجویان رابطه معناداری وجود نداشت. دو متغیر جنسیت و پایگاه اجتماعی – اقتصادی دانشجویان نیز رابطه معناداری با نگرش سیاسی – اجتماعی نوگرا داشتهاند.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Attitude refers to a positive or negative orientation towards an object, a person, a particular group of people. The attitude construct continues to be a major focus of theory and research in the social and behavioral sciences. This paper examines how students' modernist socio-political attitudes may be influenced by their family and university. We want to know to what extent are people's attitudes related to their atmosphere. The major issue to be discussed here is whether or not attitudes have systematic and close relationship to their social setting. People's worldviews are important: they clearly affect the way people think and behave, at the personal, social and societal levels. Socio-political attitudes refer to a general ideological tendency based on attitudes and beliefs about socio-political issues (Hastie, 2007: 259). In this paper, socio-political attitudes are based on four dimensions, including democratic attitudes, liberalism, critical thinking and individualism. Alexander (2006) believes that to form a democracy we need special motives which are counter codes to nondemocratic ones. As he puts it, democracy depends on self control and individual initiatives, the people who compose it are described as being capable of activism and autonomy rather than as being passive and dependent. They are seen as rational and reasonable rather than irrational and hysterical, as calm rather than excited, as controlled rather than passionate, as sane and realistic rather than fantastical or mad (Alexander, 2006: 57). The family is the institution where human beings first experience non-heteronymous priority of the whole over the part. Family members do not relate to each other as independent persons but rather as members of a larger whole where they find their essential identity. For Hegel, this non-individualistic dimension of the family is important (Luther, 2009: 158). Family is the first and the most important social context through which inter-individual relationships are formed. Through this relationships and interactions one ' s mind is formed. The amount of parental influence over a young child ' s behavior and attitudes is so great that some authors have referred to childhood as a "total institution" comparable in its degree of control to confinement in a penal institution or a concentration camp. Parents have almost total control over the child ' s informational input, the behaviors demanded of the child, and the rewords and punishments meted out. Thus they have great power to shape the child ' s attitudes, particularly because the infant has no preexisting attitudes that would be contrary to the parental influence. Thus many childhood attitudes are probably a combination of the child ' s own experience and what he or she has heard parents say or seen them do.    Materials and Methods  This study performed by using survey method. The population of study consisted of all Isfahan University students. The sample size was calculated based on the indices t= 1.96, P=0.05 and q=0.5 using Cochranâs formula. Finally, a number of 360 students were selected as the participants using quota sampling method. Face validity of questionnaire was determined by experts' viewpoints. For measuring the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. In some of the scales, a number of questions were deleted to provide an acceptable value of alpha. The minimum acceptable alpha coefficient was considered to be 0.70 in order to confirm the reliability of the variables.  Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software. To test the theoretical model and research's hypotheses we used structural equation modeling. We preferred structural equation modeling framework because it provides the researchers with tools to test the fitness of the model to the data and directly test the significance effects (Kline, 2005). In the tested model Attitudes and mass media are latent variables. Model fit indices such as CMIN/DF ratio, IFI, NFI, CFI, PCFI, RMSEA, were inspected.    Discussion of Results and Conclusions  This paper examines how university and family affect students' modernist socio-political attitudes. The results showed that the mean score of modernist socio-political attitudes among students was above average. Iranian society, particularly Iranian students, have been changing. Their attitudes toward modernity and socio-political issues have been changed. As the result shows, most of the students in research's population have modern socio-political attitudes. In the theoretical framework, we proposed three main hypotheses: 1- There is a relationship between the family communication patterns and students' modernist socio-political attitudes. 2: There is a relationship between the social-political influence of university and students' modernist socio-political attitudes. 3: There is a relationship between demographic variables (such as socio-economic status and gender) and students' modernist socio-political attitudes. The result of a two-variate regression shows that there is a positive relationship between the two independent variables (family communication patterns and demographic variables) and students' modernist socio-political attitudes, but there is not a significant relationship between the influence of university and students' attitudes.    Keywords:
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: علی هاشمیان فر,حمید دهقانی,مقصود فراستخواه
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: جوانان,دینداری,جهانیشدن فرهنگی,بازاندیشی,وسایل ارتباط جمعی
- چکیده: بازاندیشی در مورد خویشتن و عرصههای مختلف زندگی و گزینش از بین بدیلهای مختلف، از فرصتهایی است که جوامع جدید در اختیار قرار داده است. این مقاله به بررسی بازاندیشی و عوامل مرتبط در میان جوانان شهر یزد پرداخته است. این پژوهش با روش پیمایش و استفاده از پرسشنامه، 384 نفر از جوانان شهر یزد را به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای مورد بررسی قرار داد. نتایج نشان داد که بین زنان و مردان از نظر میزان بازاندیشی تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد. اما بین میزان تحصیلات و میزان درآمد با بازاندیشی رابطه معنیداری مشاهده شد. همچنین بین میزان استفاده از وسایل ارتباط جمعی، دینداری و جهان گرایی فرهنگی با بازاندیشی رابطه معنیدار وجود دارد، هر چند رابطه بین دینداری و بازاندیشی رابطه معنیدار و معکوس است. براساس نتایج رگرسیون چندمتغیره، جهان گرایی فرهنگی و دینداری مهمترین متغیرهای تبیینکننده بازاندیشی در میان افراد مورد مطالعه است.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Living in a modern and global age has many crucial consequences for contemporary social actors. Transnational society or global culture is considered as a consequence of the modernization process, with a dynamic and mobile base, which is reflexivity in social life. Social life is encompassed with this fact that individuals' functions become continuously evaluated, modifying by fresh data, and the elements become fundamentally changed. Reflexivity about self and various aspects of life as well as choosing among different alternatives is an opportunity that modern society offers to people. Therefore, in modern society, humans review continuously their self as how, and what it should be. Reflexivity is a process of self-definition and redefinition by observing and focusing on information about possible ways of life. Reflexivity is a mechanism in human thinking and behavior which sets human action and controls it, of course, this mechanism is different in traditional culture in comparison to modern culture. This paper addresses reflexivity and the related factors among young citizens of Yazd city.    Materials and Methods  The research Approach used in the study was quantitative and the method was survey, with an analytical and descriptive goal. Data was collected by using researcher-designed questionnaire. Sample size was determined to be 384 cases, using Cochran's sample size formula. Multiple cluster sampling was used to sample, dividing the city into different areas of north, south and center area. Research validity is formal validity in which the items were evaluated by sociology professors. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient which showed that the items are in an internal correlation with each other. The data was analyzed in SPSS software.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  According to descriptive results, the Mean of reflexivity among respondents was 19/16 which is above of the scale mean (15). Most of respondents had a modest reflexivity ratio. Results showed that it is not significantly different between men and women. But there is a significant relationship between education and income with reflexivity. Mass media and cultural globalization with reflexivity are in a direct relationship, that is, as use of mass media is increased, the ratio of reflexivity increases too. There is a significant relationship between religiosity and reflexivity. Multivariate regression results showed that cultural globalization and religiosity are the most important predictors of reflexivity. These two variables alone explained 17 percent variance of reflexivity variable.  Generally, with respect to research results it can be said that Iranian society is a changing society and is experiencing fast changes in different aspects. This change, which has been accompanied by current structural and cultural transformations in a global scale, have led to a pluralism in the youths' social world life and consequently have formed new attitudes and values among them. One consequence of this situation is the formation and growth of a special kind of personal identity, which has reflexivity at its core. Information and communicative technologies have led people in different areas of the world to become more informed about different lifestyles, values and behavioral norms. The result of this process is the creation of new identities among youth.    Keywords: .
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: حسین افراسیابی,یاسین خرم پور
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: اعتماد اجتماعی,عزت نفس,محرومیت نسبی,شبکه روابط اجتماعی,احساس نشاط
- چکیده: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر عوامل اجتماعی و روانی بر احساس نشاط دانشآموزان دبیرستانی شهر اهواز صورت گرفته است. روش مطالعه تحقیق پیمایشی و جامعه آماری آن دانشآموزان دبیرستانی 18- 16 ساله شهر اهواز است و شیوه نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای است. دادهها با پرسشنامه گردآوری شده است و از طریق آزمونهای ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندمتغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. مبتنی بر نتایج تحقیق، میانگین احساس نشاط دانشآموزان در سطح مطلوبی است . سایر نتایج نیز بیانگر آن است که بین احساس نشاط و متغیرهای عزت نفس، احساس محرومیت نسبی، شبکه روابط اجتماعی، اعتماد اجتماعی و احساس ناامنی، رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. همچنین بر اساس ضریب تعیین رگرسیونی میتوان گفت که 40/0 درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته از طریق متغیرهای وارد بر مدل رگرسیونی تبیین گردیده و سهم متغیر عزت نفس در تبیین واریانس احساس نشاط بیش از سایر متغیرها است. بنابراین هر چه عزت نفس، اعتماد اجتماعی و شبکه روابط اجتماعی در حد بالا و احساس محرومیت نسبی در حد پایینی باشد، به همان اندازه احساس نشاط در بین دانشآموزان بیشتر خواهد بود.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Living in a modern and global age has many crucial consequences for contemporary social actors. Transnational society or global culture is considered as a consequence of the modernization process, with a dynamic and mobile base, which is reflexivity in social life. Social life is encompassed with this fact that individuals' functions become continuously evaluated, modifying by fresh data, and the elements become fundamentally changed. Reflexivity about self and various aspects of life as well as choosing among different alternatives is an opportunity that modern society offers to people. Therefore, in modern society, humans review continuously their self as how, and what it should be. Reflexivity is a process of self-definition and redefinition by observing and focusing on information about possible ways of life. Reflexivity is a mechanism in human thinking and behavior which sets human action and controls it, of course, this mechanism is different in traditional culture in comparison to modern culture. This paper addresses reflexivity and the related factors among young citizens of Yazd city.    Materials and Methods  The research Approach used in the study was quantitative and the method was survey, with an analytical and descriptive goal. Data was collected by using researcher-designed questionnaire. Sample size was determined to be 384 cases, using Cochran's sample size formula. Multiple cluster sampling was used to sample, dividing the city into different areas of north, south and center area. Research validity is formal validity in which the items were evaluated by sociology professors. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient which showed that the items are in an internal correlation with each other. The data was analyzed in SPSS software.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  According to descriptive results, the Mean of reflexivity among respondents was 19/16 which is above of the scale mean (15). Most of respondents had a modest reflexivity ratio. Results showed that it is not significantly different between men and women. But there is a significant relationship between education and income with reflexivity. Mass media and cultural globalization with reflexivity are in a direct relationship, that is, as use of mass media is increased, the ratio of reflexivity increases too. There is a significant relationship between religiosity and reflexivity. Multivariate regression results showed that cultural globalization and religiosity are the most important predictors of reflexivity. These two variables alone explained 17 percent variance of reflexivity variable.  Generally, with respect to research results it can be said that Iranian society is a changing society and is experiencing fast changes in different aspects. This change, which has been accompanied by current structural and cultural transformations in a global scale, have led to a pluralism in the youths' social world life and consequently have formed new attitudes and values among them. One consequence of this situation is the formation and growth of a special kind of personal identity, which has reflexivity at its core. Information and communicative technologies have led people in different areas of the world to become more informed about different lifestyles, values and behavioral norms. The result of this process is the creation of new identities among youth.  Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: کریم رضادوست,عبدالحسین نبوی,نجمه صالحی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: قدرت نرم,مناسک دینی,نوحه,پاپ شدن نوحه,تحلیل احتمال وقوع
- چکیده: پاپ شدن نوحه؛ ابزار نرم تقدسزدایی از عزاداری (تحلیل تقارن محتوای نوحه پاپ) اکبر طالبپور، استادیار گروه جامعهشناسی دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی * چکیده عوامل زیادی در پاپ شدن نوحه دخالت دارند اما دو عامل از سایر عوامل مهمترند؛ اولین عامل استفاده از موسیقی پاپ غربی در اجرای نوحه یعنی تغییر ریتم نوحه از ماژور به مینور است؛ این امر به معنای استفاده از اشعار و آهنگهایی با ریتم تند و ضربی در اجرای نوحههاست که نوحه را هیجانی مینماید در حالیکه در نوحه سنتی ایرانی ریتم نوحه ماژور بود و از اشعار و آهنگهایی با ریتم کند و آرام استفاده میشود که نوحه را دلنشینتر و حزینتر مینماید. دومین عامل استفاده از اصطلاحات خاص غیر دینی با سبک محاورهای به مثابه آزاد نمودن عزاداری از تقیدات مذهبی است. هر دو عامل مذکور در سالهای اخیر با هوشمندی خاصی از طریق قدرت نرم بر عزاداران اعمال شده است و عزاداران بیآنکه خود بدانند در دامن فرهنگ غربی افتادهاند. در مقاله حاضر تأثیر موسیقی پاپ بهعنوان یکی از نمادهای قدرت نرم غربی در میزان پاپ نمودن نوحه و تقدسزدایی از آن بررسی شده است. 200 کلیپ (فارسی و ترکی) که در فاصله سالهای 1382 تا 1392 اجرا شده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل محتوای کمی بررسی گردید. این کلیپها با استفاده از روش تحلیل احتمال وقوع از جنبه تقارن در مفاهیم؛ آموزههای دینی، آموزههای اخلاقی، آموزههای معرفتی، عبارات عاطفی احساسی، عبارات سخیف، عبارات سلطنتی، عبارات موهوم، ریتم نوحه، عبارات مرتبط با تحریف تاریخی بررسی شده، از طریق آزمون خیدو تقارن مفاهیم فوق اندازهگیری شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند؛ اولاً تقارن معنیداری بین مفاهیم مرتبط با نوحه عاری از تقدس در بین نمونههای آماری هر دو زبان مورد مطالعه وجود دارد که این امر نشانگر فاصله گرفتن نوحه از متن مذهبی و تقدسزدایی از نوحه است. ثانیاً همگرایی در بین نوحههای فارسی و ترکی در زمینه تقدسزدایی مشاهده شد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
One of the most important Shi'ite religious ritual is mourning that has a long history, although the formation of this ceremony took place outside the realm of religion (boloukbashi,1998), but gradually accepted from religion and religious clergy support the overall structure of Taziye and thy reading, and they were bound to attend at the mourning. With the decline of the penetration of traditional thy mourning was opened a new dirge to mourning. studies suggests new Dirges are empty of sanctity content that concerned clergy and religious leaders. However, a new generation has its own way of mourning and did not accept the teachings of the previous generation(Naghibzade2004). In other words, the new generation is looking to launch the trick in mourning, but it seems the changes in this field over the limit and mourning in recent years has been removed from its original orbit. This trend was called dirge Pop Becoming , that investigated in present research. Many factors are involved in dirge pop becoming, but two factors are more important than other factors one of these factors, the use of Western pop music implementation (changed from major to minor rhythm) and other is , use of certain non-religious terms, with conversational style, as the release of the mourning of religious adherence. It seems that in recent years, both of these factors with particular intelligence through soft power is applied to the mourners, and mourners without understand this trend, have fallen in the lap of Western culture. In this paper, the influence of pop music, as a symbol of Western soft power, on the extent of dirge pop becoming and desacredism of dirge has investigated.
Material & Methods
Pop dirges played with fast and multiplicative rhythm and passion overpower to the intelligence, in this dirge weeper or his colleague is trying to show rapture. Measurement of pop dirge was conducted through contigency analysis that is a type of quantitative content analysis . Quantitative content analysis consists of a systematic and repeatable testing of codes which, according to the valid laws of numerical value measurement is attributed to text and then, using statistical methods, relationships among its value is analyzed. A contigency analysis is one of quantitative content analysis, that is based on the meaningful of symmetry or asymmetry between concepts. Research sample were selected ten percent of total2000 Persian and Turkish dirge clips was available to researcher (available on the market) that were conducted between 2003 up to 2013 by using simple random sampling method, finally 200 Clips (100 Persian clip and 100 Turkish clip) that were conducted between 2003 up to 2013 by using a content analysis technique was analyzed. Selected clips by using the contigency of symmetry concepts such as religious teachings , moral teachings, cognitive teachings, emotional expressions, absurd statements, royal statements, vague phrases, dirge rhythms and statements of historical distortion examined , this symmetry of concepts were measured by chi-square test.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
The results showed that firstly there were meaningful symmetry between the concepts related free the sanctity of dirges among statistical sample in both of languages , this indicates dirges distance from religious text and eliminating sacred of dirges, Secondly convergence was observed between Persian and Turkish mourning in desacredism. More precise assessment showed that the distortion of the history in Turkish dirge was more than Persian, while mourning the Persian dirge rhythms was faster than Turkish dirge rhythm. According to the resultsit can be said part of dirge was removed of their religious content and mourning moved to only ritual ceremony. The continuation of this trend in the coming years, the dirge will conduct by persons who have no religious bias and dirge will service pop music trend, which may lead to be surf boards by these individuals. In order to avoid this trend the application of the following suggestions is necessary
a. Preachers provide warnings to prevent eulogies for implementation of pop dirge, they also need provide warnings about not using the absurd words in dirge.
b. The broadcast of pop dirge than television decrease to reduce the amount of learning and popularity of pop dirge among young people reduce, versus TV should be more attention to the traditional mourning.
c. Board of religious with traditional nature formed by clerics and academics to improve the culture in this regard.
d. Thy place as an essential element of traditional dirge reinforcement based on the needs of young people and reasonable teachings .- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: اکبر طالب پور,اکبر طالب پور,اکبر طالب پور,اکبر طالب پور
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: تعهد سازمانی,سرمایه فکری,مدیریت سرمایه انسانی,مدل باسی و مکمورر,مدل پورتر,آزمونهای آماری
- چکیده: مطالعات گوناگون لزوم توجه به مدیریت سرمایه انسانی را مشخص کردهاند و سرمایه انسانی را به عنوان یک مزیت رقابتی برای سازمان در نظر گرفته و بیان میکنند که یکی از راههای کسب مزیت رقابتی برای سازمان از طریق توجه به سرمایه انسانی میباشد. از طرف دیگر سرمایهگذاری در سرمایه انسانی، باعث افزایش تعهد سازمانی میشود و از این طریق سازمان میتواند کارکنان را نسبت به انجام کار خود در جهت اهداف سازمان متعهد کند. بر همین مبنا در این پژوهش سعی شده است به بررسی تأثیر مدیریت سرمایه انسانی بر تعهد سازمانی پرداخته شود. بدین منظور، شرکت مهندسی بینالمللی فولاد تکنیک به عنوان مطالعه موردی انتخاب شد و در ابتدا با استفاده از پرسشنامههای مدیریت سرمایه انسانی باسی و مکمورر و تعهد سازمانی پورتر سطح مدیریت سرمایه انسانی سازمان و تعهد سازمانی ارزیابی گردیده است و در مرحله بعد با استفاده از آزمونهای آمار استنباطی و همبستگی به تجزیه و تحلیل مدیریت سرمایه انسانی و تعهد سازمانی پرداخته شده است و در نهایت، نیز با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر، یک مدل تجربی جهت نشان دادن رابطه متغیرها ارائه شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که محرک دسترسی به دانش از محرکهای پنجگانه مدیریت سرمایه انسانی با میانگین 48/3 در بالاترین سطح در میان محرکهای مدیریت سرمایه انسانی قرار دارد و سطح تعهد سازمانی با میانگین 503/3 در سطح مطلوبی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون همبستگی نیز نشان داد که محرک ظرفیت یادگیری دارای بالاترین همبستگی در میان محرکهای سرمایه انسانی با تعهد سازمانی میباشد و همچنین در کل بین مدیریت سرمایه انسانی و تعهد سازمانی نیز ضریب هبستگی برابر 0.508 وجود دارد. در انتها نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چندمتغیره و تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که دو محرک ظرفیت یادگیری و مشارکت کارکنان به صورت مستقیم بر تعهد سازمانی تأثیر میگذارند.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Several studies have identified the need to managing human capital and considered it as a competitive advantage for organizations. They expressed that one way of gaining organization competitive advantage is given through considering human capital. On the other hand, one of the ways that causes human capital to implement their ability to advance the organization goals is organizational commitment. Organizational commitment can make employees to be commitment towards the organization.    Material & Methods  In this research, the impact of human capital management on organizational commitment has studied. On this reason, Foolad Technic Engineering selected as a case study and in the first Human capital management level and organizational commitment level evaluated by Bassi and McMurrer HCM questionnaire and Porter organizational commitment questionnaire. Thus, a questionnaire in this step and then its content and appearance are confirmed by some academic experts in human capital management field. To calculate to questionnaire reliability, cronbachs alpha has been used which its value was 0.95 for the total questionnaire and due to the fact that cronbachs alpha coefficient higher than 70% is acceptable, there for the test has acceptable reliability and the questionnaire reliability can be assessed as favorable. In the next step, HCM and organizational commitment were analyzed with statistical and correlation tests and in the end, an empirical model was proposed by path analyze that showed relationship between variables.   Discussion of Results & Conclusions  In paper identified the impact of human capital management on organizational commitment. The results showed that knowledge accessibility practice with an average of 3.48 are located in the top level among other practices. Also, the level of organizational commitment with the average of 3.503 is desirable. Pearson correlation test results showed that learning capacity practice has the highest correlation with organizational commitment. In the end, results of multivariate regression and path analyze showed that learning capacity and employee engagement have direct impact on organizational commitment.  According to the results , the following are recommended:  Researchers in their future studied can use a combination of multi-basis human capital model. Also, for future studies, other advantages of investing on human capital management such as employee engagement in decision making, group work environment and in time employee notification can be used as dependent variable.    Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: هادی شیرویه زاد,علی نصر اصفهانی,محمد مهدی توکلی,سعید جعفری
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: دینداری,باروری,فردگرایی,تغییرات فرهنگی,سکولاریسم و ارزشهای خانوادگی
- چکیده: براساس دادههای منتشر شده از سوی سازمآنهای مختلف جمعیتشناختی، نرخ باروری در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان و از جمله در ایران در حال کاهش است. این امر میتواند ناشی از دلایل متعددی باشد. با وجود این، دگرگونیهای فرهنگی طی چند دهه اخیر، در میان سایر تغییرات، بیشتر از همه خودنمایی میکنند: رشد فردگرایی، تغییرات مذهبی، رشد سکولاریسم و دگرگونی در ارزش های خانوادگی، در زمره مهمترین تحولاتی قرار دارند که میتوان ارتباط آنها را با باروری بررسی کرد. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعه رابطه تحولات فرهنگی در حوزههای فردی، خانوادگی و مذهبی با تغییرات نرخهای باروری در مراکز استآنهای ایران است. دادههای مربوط به این تحولات فرهنگی از یافتههای پیمایش ارزشها و نگرشهای ایرانیان در سال 1380 استخراج شده است. برای بهدست آوردن نرخهای باروری عمومی در این سال نیز، میزآنهای باروری در سال 1375، براساس روش "فرزندان خود" به دادههای استاندارد برای سال 1380 تبدیل شده است. برایناساس، روش تحقیق در این مطالعه، از نوع تحلیل ثانوی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که رابطه کاملاً معناداری میان متغیرهای فردگرایی، دینداری، سکولاریسم و ارزشهای خانوادگی در میان مراکز استانی ایران با نرخهای باروری در این استانها وجود دارد؛ بهاین معنا که هر چه میزان دینداری شهرها بیشتر، سطوح سکولاریسم و فردگرایی کمتر، میزان توجه به ارزشهای خانوادگی بیشتر باشد، نرخ باروری در آن شهرها بیشتر است و برعکس، دینداری کمتر، سکولاریسم و فردگرایی بیشتر و توجه به ارزشهای خانوادگی کمتر، با نرخهای پایین باروری رابطهای مثبت و همسو دارند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
Based on data of demographyâs different organs, fertility rates in more Countries world and even in Iran, is declining. The decline began first in Europe and then gradually be extended to other countries. Early, this subject was discussed with a structural analysis and theories such as economic theories.
One of most important was âthe economic theory of cost-benefitâ. This theory express that in modern society, couples attend to costs and benefits of having a child. This theory believes that the children were labor force in the past, so they need to be. But from the perspective of this theory, now the couple finds that childbearing have very high costs and Low benefits. So they decide to donât have any child or have less children. This theory believes that the children were labor force in the past, so they need to be.
But in the following decades, these explanations were suspected. Van de kaa and Lesthaeghe were from the first theorist that developed a culture theory culture. Name of this theory is âthe second demographic transitionâ. They express that reduction in the number of children in families of western countries is due to changes that happened in patterns of those families. They believed that these changes are most relevant to the postmodern world. Therefore, they suggested that factors such as cultural changes must explain recent changes in marriage patterns, fertility and divorce. The reason was that it was at a time when most countries have seen a sharp decline in fertility rates, these countries have simultaneously experienced a huge cultural change, too.
After these two, other theorists in this field has studied and has completed Van de kaa and Lesthaeghe theory. These scientists added additional components to the theory. Currently, the most important variables as factors influencing fertility decline has been known in various countries of the world, are: the growth of individualism, religious changes, growing secularism and shifting family values.
Material & Methods
The aim of our research is to study the relationship between cultural developments in the areas of personal, familial and religious changes with fertility rates in the provincial centers of Iran. In other words, in this study we want to investigate 4 those variables as the main causes of reduced fertility suggested by some theorists in Iran. Here the variables of cultural changes that is include variables of change in the values of family, religiosity, secularism and individualism, are considered as independent variables and variable fertility decline, is the dependent variable of the stud. On the other hand, we can imagine that Variables of religion and secularism are effective on the variableâs changes the value of family, and all of the three variables are also associated with fertility. So secularism and religiosity variables, are direct and indirect influence on fertility. Individualism variable, is considered as the variable influencing secularism, religious and family values, too. So we can expect that individualism indirectly is effective on fertility and changes it. In this study, fertility rates in 28 provinces of Iran based on theoryâs Van de kaa, Lesthaeghe, Hara and Nils, who express widespread values changes occurred in the areas of family values, individualism, and religion (secularism) have created the changes in fertility rates, related to data from surveys of values and attitudes of Iranians in 2001, that represents rates of the individualism, religious, secularism and the importance of family values in different countries In various provinces. To obtain the general fertility rate in 2001, the fertility rate in 1996, according to method of "self-children" has become the standard data for 2001.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
So, the research method in this study is a secondary analysis. The results showed that there are highly significant relationship between Variables of individualism, religiosity, secularism and family values in the provincial centers with fertility rates in these provinces. That is what in cities that have high religiosity, low secularism and individualism and greater attention to family values, those cities have high fertility rates, and vice versa.
In the end, to identify the most influential independent variables among cultural variables, using regression testing, has been revealed that individualism over other cultural variables, effects on rates of fertility in centers of the provinces.
In sum, the above data indicate to explain more precisely the topic of fertility and itâs decline must cultural variables be considered as one of the main and important factors affecting fertility and changes that. This regard is the assistance of officials and agents wanting change fertility rates.- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: میثم محمدی,امیر رستگارخالد
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه اجتماعی,عزت نفس,یاسوج,ابعاد شناختی و ساختاری سرمایه اجتماعی,احساس سلامت
- چکیده: در بررسی رابطۀ سرمایه اجتماعی با سلامت، تفکیک دو نوع سرمایه اجتماعی ساختاری و شناختی و توجه به آن دو مهم است. بعلاوه، اکثر نظریهپردازان و محققان معتقدند سرمایه اجتماعی نه تنها به صورت مستقیم، بلکه بیشتر به واسطۀ متغیرهای روانشناختی مانند افزایش عزت نفس، بر احساس سلامت افراد تأثیر میگذارد. هدف مقاله حاضر با اتکای به موارد فوق، بررسی رابطۀ هر دو نوع سرمایه اجتماعی (ساختاری و شناختی) و عزت نفس با احساس سلامت افراد متأهل شهر یاسوج بوده است. روش انجام پژوهش کمّی – پیمایشی بوده و از ابزار پرسشنامه برای دستیابی به دادهها استفاده شده است. برای اندازهگیری احساس سلامت، از پرسشنامه سلامت خودسنج ( PHQ ) اسپیتزور و دیگران [1] استفاده شد. بر اساس فرمول لین، تعداد 400 نفر از زنان و مردان متأهل شهر یاسوج به عنوان نمونه تعیین شدند. روش نمونهگیری تحقیق، طبقهای – سهمیهای و تصادفی بوده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادهاند متغیرهای رضایت اجتماعی، عزت نفس، حمایت اجتماعی، مشارکت در امور مذهبی، تعامل با خویشاوندان، رابطه با دوستان و دید و بازدیدهای دورهای با آشنایان، به ترتیب، بالاترین همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار را با احساس سلامت پاسخگویان داشتهاند؛ سه متغیر رضایت اجتماعی، عزت نفس و رابطه با دوستان توانستهاند 17درصد از واریانس احساس سلامت پاسخگویان را تبیین کنند. در مورد چگونگی سازوکار تأثیرگذاری سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس سلامت میتوان گفت بعد ساختاری سرمایه اجتماعی به واسطۀ تأثیرگذاری بر بعد شناختی آن و هر دو، به واسطۀ ارتقای عزت نفس افراد بر احساس سلامت آنان تأثیر میگذارند. [1] Spitzor et al
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Health could be studied from different scientific perspectives. From sociological point of view, health is defined more as health feeling rather than the absence of any diseases. In addition, in sociological empirical and theoretical literatures social capital has been introduced as one of the most important social factors that influence the health situation of individuals. Social capital as a multidimensional and multilevel construction has been defined differently within and between scientific disciplines and the famous sociologist of this field. In this essay, the researcher on the base of definition Shefell, Shah and Putnam of social capital has investigated the relationship between social capital and health feeling of marrid individuals of Yasouj city.   Materials & Methods  Thus, two important kinds of structural and cognitive social capitals have been noticed in examining the relationship between social capital and health feeling. The more important fact about the mechanism of the relationship between social capital and health feeling is that according to most theorists and researchers the effect of social capital on health is indirect and mediated by variables such as self â esteem, as far as this effect is considered very more important than its direct effect. Thus, the aims of the present study were (1) to investigate the relationship between two kinds of social capital (structural and cognitive) and health feeling of married individual of Yasouj city, and (2) to show that this relationship is mediated by psychological variable of self esteem. The research has done with aid of survey â cross sectional method and the data has collected through instrument of self reported health questionnaire â that included the 6-items of Spitzor et al, s Patient Health Questionnaire measurement. Lin's formula was used to determine sample size and on this basis 400 married men and women of Yasouj city were determined as the sample of the research. The sampling method was the classified- quota- random method.   Discussion of Results & Conclusions  Data analysis shows that variables such as social satisfaction, self-esteem, social support, religious participation, interaction with relatives, relationship with friends, and periodical visit- revisiting to acquaintances had positive and significant correlations with the sense of health, respectively the three variables of social satisfaction, self-esteem, and relationship with friends could explain 17 percent of the variance of respondentsâ sense of health. With respect to the mechanism of the effect of social capital on the sense of health, it could be said that the structural dimension of the social capital, by means of its effects on the cognitive dimension, and the two dimensions together influence individualsâ sense of health through the mediation of psychological processes. Based on the results, we can say that the effect of quality of social relationships on health feeling has been very important than the quantities of them even some of the relationships (such as neighborhood relationships), because of being stressfulness, could result in reduce the individualâs well being. Finally, in respect of the causal and logical relationship of dimensions of social capital and self esteem with health feeling, it seems more correct to assume that the structural aspects of social capital (objective and quantitative relationships) could increase health feeling only if they lead to qualitative improvement of cognitive aspects of that(especially life satisfaction) and these two aspects interact with each other by promoting individualâs self esteem lead to health feeling increasing. Thus, it could be said the prevalent assumption that consider the relationship of social capital and health feeling as a inevitable positive relationship must be revised and replaced by the conditional assumption that these relationships only if increase health feeling that could improve individualâs life satisfaction and self esteems.   Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: آرمان حیدری,آرمان حیدری,آرمان حیدری
- مشاهده