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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: روایت,وانموده,سینمای پست مدرن,مرکززدایی از سوژه
- چکیده: پست مدرنیسم به مثابه یک گفتمان، در جهان فیلم نفوذ کرده است و «سینمای پست مدرن» را خلق نموده است. گفتمان سینمای پست مدرن شامل ابعادی چون وانموده و تزلزل واقعیت، مرکززدایی از سوژه، مرگ مؤلف، پاکشدگی مرزهای زمانی، ترکیب تکنیکها و ژانرها و کثرتگرایی است که در تقابل با سایر گفتمانها قرار میگیرد. هدف مقاله حاضر معرفی این گفتمانِ سینمایی، تفسیر و نشان دادن عناصر آن در یکی از فیلمهای سینمای ایران است. برای نیل به این هدف، گفتمان سینمای پست مدرن بر اساس نظریه گفتمان لاکلا و موف تعریف میشود و سه بعد وانموده، مرکززدایی از سوژه و مرگ مؤلف به عنوان چارچوب مفهومی انتخاب میشوند. چارچوب روشی نیز ملهم از نظریه روایت پست مدرن متشکل از فابیولا، سیوژت، شخصیت و راوی است که در پیوند با چارچوب مفهومی به تحلیل فیلم «صندلی خالی» ساخته سامان استرکی میپردازد. نتایج نشان میدهد که «صندلی خالی» با روایت اپیزودیک، تو در تو و مارپیچ خود جهان وانمودهای را خلق میکند که در آن مرز واقعیت و توهم فرو میریزد و سوژههایِ سرگردانی خلق میکند که ناتوان از تغییر این جهاناند و در نهایت در یک بنبست هستی شناختی از جهان وانموده کنار میروند. راویهای چندگانه و خصلت خود ارجاعی فیلم در نهایت پاسخی به پرسشهایی که مطرح میکند ندارد چرا که مرگ مؤلف خصلت این فیلم است. علاوه بر این، گفتمان سینمای پست مدرن در مقابل گفتمانهای سیاسی و فرهنگیِ هژمونیک ایران، پس رانده شده و در حاشیه قرار دارد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionPostmodernism literally means an era beyond modernism in the West associated with the late capitalist economy, consumer society and post-industrial society. Postmodernism emerged in architecture and crystalized in philosophy, music, painting, theatre and cinema. In cinema discourse, there is no consensus on postmodernism, however. While some critics believe that the term âpostmodern cinemaâ was introduced by Peter Wollen in 1992 for the movie Batman Returns, some have spotted its traces in cinema journals of the 1980s. Although Iranian society is not a postmodern one, postmodernism has permeated into Iranian cinema as an aesthetic style. The present study aims to characterize postmodern cinema in the first place and interpret its elements in the Iranian movie The Empty Chair. Accordingly, the study addresses the question âwhat characteristics in The Empty Chair accounts for its being considered as a postmodern movie? Materials and MethodsTo this end, the characteristics of postmodern cinema are introduced. Simulation and the fragility of reality, subject decentralization, death of the author, elimination of time limits, synthesis of techniques and genres, and pluralism are some of these properties. From among these characteristics, simulation and the fragility of reality, subject decentralization and death of the author were considered as the conceptual framework of the study and postmodern discourse were defined according to Laclau and Mouffes theory. The methodological framework of the study was inspired by postmodern narrative theory involving Fabula, Soujet, personae and narrator that are used in connection with the conceptual framework to analyze the movie âThe Empty Chairâ directed by Saman Esterki. Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe results show that although it is inscribed in the final episode of the movie that âthe events in this movie are merely a view of determinism and free will but not necessarily a true oneâ, the movie reaches far beyond a classic philosophical-theological debate. With its episodic and labyrinthine narration, the movie turns out to be a self-referencing entity that problematizes universal claims of reality. The self-reference approach is at the heart of a simulated world where the boundary between reality and illusion shatters so that the movie creates vagrant subjects in an illusory world. The subjects have to engage with the problems in the creation of which they had no role. Besides, they fail to change the status quo. Only does the beginning of the next episode duck the responsibility of being a subject from characters and relay it to the next characters. It appears as though the rationale of responsibility in the world is one of the flow of signifiers that drift from one episode to the next. Such turmoil also appears in the confusion of the narrative elements performance of Fabula and Soujet. That is, the movie fails in the intentional arrangement of narrativity. Thus, the vertical link between Fabula and Soujet is broken such that the elements of narration are conjoined horizontally and randomly. Therefore, multiple narrators, music, variable voices and rotation of time both create a simulation and inform of the death of the omniscient and author.The above features help define the Empty chair as part of the postmodern cinema discourse that opposes the dominant political and cultural discourses in the Iranian discursive arena due to the discursive dimensions of precarious reality, decentralization of subject, death of the author, etc. Dominant Iranian discourses such as religious, nationalistic and ethnic discourses, some of which are utterly hegemonic, have adopted elements of postmodern discourse though they antagonize it in its totality. That is, although cultural relativism or the past grandeur is an important component of some of these discourses, the simulated world as well as absolute determinism dominating the subject and death of the omniscient stand opposed to the very foundations of these discourses. Thus, many of the aspects of postmodern discourse are rejected or marginalized. That is why postmodern cinema discourse fails to corner the opponents; rather it retreats itself and tends to survive in the margins of the discursive field. It is no surprise that movies like the Empty Chair find even no chance of public screening. Besides, no institutional changes in filmmaking have occurred in the Cinema of Iran as of yet such as the development of technological tools in order for the postmodern cinema to shape its mold. Accordingly, postmodern cinema discourse in Iran is marginal and has little audience though it manages to survive
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: احسان آقابابایی,علی قنبری برزیان
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: امنیت,ترس از جرم,حاشیهنشینی,نظریه اثربخشی جمعی,نظریه پنجرههای شکسته
- چکیده: تحقیق حاضر درصدد تبیین ترس از جرم در مناطق حاشیهنشین با تکیه بر نظریههای پنجرههای شکسته و اثربخشی جمعی است. فرضیات پژوهش با روش پیمایش آزمون شدهاند. جامعه آماری را کلیه افراد بالای 15 سال ساکن در شهرک حجت شهر مشهد تشکیل میدهند که از بین آنان 394 نفر به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدهاند. اطلاعات با ابزار پرسشنامه جمعآوری و تجزیه و تحلیل شده است و میزان آلفای متغیر وابسته 84/0 بوده است. یافتهها نشان میدهد بین متغیرهای بینظمی اجتماعی تصوری، بینظمی فیزیکی تصوری با متغیر وابسته (ترس از جرم) رابطه مستقیم و معناداری وجود دارد و بین متغیرهای اعتماد اجتماعی، احساس تعلق محلهای و کنترل اجتماعی غیر رسمی با متغیر وابسته، رابطه معکوس و معناداری برقرار است. همچنین نتایج رگرسیونی بیانگر آن است که متغیر اعتماد اجتماعی، قویترین تبیینکننده ترس از جرم است و متغیرهای مستقل این پژوهش توانستهاند 40/0 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین نمایند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:With increasing urbanization and the development of cities, especially in recent decades, a phenomenon such as industrialization, population density, traffic pressure, the loss of the sense of neighborhood and kinship ties reduction, reduction of social emotions, increased immigration and suburbia, and as mentioned zukin the "urban spaces are not safe enough for people, so that people can participate in the creation of popular culture" (1995: 38). There is a potential that causes it or how to deal with crimes that residents of large cities in the field of dealing with concerns and fears are ahead. Ferraro (1995) emotional response to fear or anxiety, fear of crime as a crime or symbols that defines a person with a crime. Pain and William and Hudson (2000) assume that the fear of crime as a wide range of emotional and practical responses to crime and disorder that occurs in an individual or community (Quoted from: Jyhyng Park, 2008: 11). The consequences of the fear of crime (insecurity) at different levels of individual, neighborhood and community can be studied at the individual level, fear of crime has a significant psychological impact by limiting the possibility for movement and mobility of people in their local neighborhood, their individual freedoms to reduce and cause their dissatisfaction with the neighborhood, the community and the whole of their lives. In the neighborhood and the fear of crime reduces solidarity, participation in community and social relationships and, ultimately, at the social level, as unjust and unequal potential adverse consequences of fear of crime can be imposed on people who are disadvantaged in terms of economic and social and lacks the resources to take care of themselves, their property or change the location of the crime areas are fertile (McCrea et al., 2005: 40-41). We can say this for very vulnerable urban areas. Today, in urban areas, most reference data are crime (Rabbani, Afsharkohan2002, koldi and firozjah RahmaniØ2007) This fact and its interaction with other urban inevitable features, including: high rates of migration, ethnic and cultural diversity, intense class conflict, the low level of solidarity, development and rapid changes in the result, the legibility of the city and all undeniable phenomenon that is causing the fear of crime and reproduction.the design of the urban environment, population density, disorder and indecency environmental and spatial factors, the latter including: readability and identity of urban space, how to use the urban environment, social control, police, social capital, social and gender inequality, and local solidarity social, and cultural diversity (Franklin, 2008; Nicholson, 2010; Schafer et al 2006). n urban areas are areas that environment factors increase the fear of crime is greater there than in other urban areas. Broken windows theory, including theories that explain the fear of crime focuses on spatial factors, the effectiveness of the theory, more spatial factors affecting fear of crime (social trust, interpersonal relations, social control and ... ) emphasizes, combining these two theories would enrich the research model and consequently increase its explanatory power is produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of space and spatial relationships on fear of crime using the theories of "Broken Windows" and ", Collective efficacy " is marginalized areas. Materials and Methods:Research method is surveys and data collection was questionnaire. The research population of this study included all residents of the town of Mashhad, proof of which 394 persons were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed using spss software is to check the validity and content validity and construct validity and reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine. The dependent variable in this study, fear of crime and and independent variables Percived physical Disorder, Percived Social Disorder, social cohesion (including two social trust and sense of place) and informal control is effective.Discussion of Result and Conclusions:The results indicate that the broken windows theory and the theory of collective efficacy were able to more than 40 percent of the dependent variable to predict and explain the changes. According to broken windows when the physical and social disorder in the neighborhood great idea, conception of the neighborhood residents, the neighborhood with the disorder. According to scholars this theory, this disorder is considered an affront to the feelings of the neighborhood group that led to the creation of a broad sense of disorder, and the residents induces a sense of fear of crime. The theory of collective efficacy refers to people interactions. According to the statement of the theory, as social cohesion in the neighborhood (which combines social confidence and sense of place), and other more control, the irregularities observed (especially social disorganization) and consequently the idea of ââdisorder less and the fear of crime will be reduced. Variable regression results suggest that social trust (Ã: -0/358) was the largest in the prediction of fear of crime, and after having variables Percived physical Disorder (beta = 0/270) and gender (beta =-0/270 ), informal control (beta = -0/16) and finally the Percived Social Disorder (beta = 156/0) have had a significant contribution.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: اکبر علیوردی نیا,حیدر جانعلیزاده,مهدی پنج تنی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سلامت جسمی,تبلیغات رسانه,گذار تغذیهای,رفتار تغذیهای
- چکیده: تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش رسانه در رفتارهای تغذیهای به انجام رسیده است. روش پژوهش، پیمایشی است و جامعه آماری آن تمام شهروندان بالای 15 سال ساکن شهر تبریز هستند. حجم نمونه برابر با 483 نفر و شیوه نمونهگیری، نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای است. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد محاسبه ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین متغیر میزان تماشای تبلیغات رسانه و رفتار تغذیهای در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد معنیدار و معکوس است. همچنین میزان ضریب همبستگی محاسبه شده بین متغیر میزان اعتماد به تبلیغات رسانه و رفتار تغذیهای در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد معنیدار و معکوس است. در مقابل میزان همبستگی محاسبه شده بین متغیر میزان تماشای برنامههای مختلف رسانه و رفتار تغذیهای غیرمعنیدار است. در بررسی میزان تفاوت رفتار تغذیهای پاسخگویان از لحاظ متغیرهای زمینهای (سن، وضعیت اشتغال، سطح تحصیلات، وضعیت تأهل و طبقه اقتصادی) میتوان گفت رفتار تغذیهای پاسخگویان از لحاظ متغیرهای مذکور متفاوت و معنیدار است. در مقابل رفتار تغذیهای پاسخگویان از نظر متغیر جنس متفاوت نیست. به عبارتی دیگر رفتار تغذیهای مردان و زنان یکسان است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:In recent years we have witnessed the emergence of a "nutrition transition" between different societies. It means that a change inthetraditionaldiet, rich offiberand combined withintakeof grains, of fruits and vegetables toward to use of fat, sugar, salt and other processed foods.Accordingly, it must be said that in traditional feeding pattern, people turned to food consumptionto overcome hunger, but the new power model, the choice of food for people affected by different media and cultural factors (Madanat et al, 2011).Study of dietary patterns (including a variety of food), offer a good picture of diet and feeding habits of population and help us to identify help to identify at risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases and to identify and then have nutritional recommendations. Because the people in the choice of food,pay less attention to the nutrient content of food .Thus, according to the dietary patterns and social factors associated with dietary patterns, provide guidelines for diet and its effects on society(Barkoukis, 2007).One of the most important factors that influence the formation and persistence of consumption patterns and in particular, food choices, is advertising. Merton and Lazarsfield argued that the mass media make compatible people with existing economic and social status (quoting Severine and Tankard, 1992: 461-464). Gerbner and colleague(1980) point to implantable effects of mass media on society and believe that the news media, especially television, have the power to influence for order and harmony to deliver the message within a certain time, so that should be considered them shaping a society(Mehrdad, 2002). Also, Williamson(1987) argues thatadvertisingcreates newneeds andconsumption patterns, but it doesnât people information about the specific features of a product(Williamson, 1987, quoted Abdollahian et al.,2010).In this regard, Popkin(2001), Boynton(2003), Mao(2007) and Akbayet al(2007) in their research on the impact of media in changing dietary behavior pattern of feeding.Methodology:  Due to the nature of the subject, method of research was survey; survey was cross-sectional and applied research. Unit of analysis was the individual (citizens over 15years in Tabriz). According to the latest census, all patients over 15 years were 1194453 persons. Using the formula Cochran and multi-stage cluster sampling were chosen483 patients as the sample size. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire that includes questions about any of the dependent and independent variables.   In this study, the feeding behavior of individuals checked with regard to the selection of food items.In other words, it was questioned the respondents about their use of food items, bread and cereals, meat, beans, nuts, milk and milk products, fruits, vegetables and miscellaneous group consisting of fats and sweets during the week. Highest score (5) indicates a healthy feeding behavior and lowest score (1) represents the unhealthy feeding behavior. In this study, watching the media has been questioned. For measuring this variable, used 6 items are designed for media advertising of food items.   To measure level of trust in the media, designed 6 items and respondents were asked to rate their confidence in the media area in the food items. Also, the rate of watching TV programs (with different contents of sports, medicine and health, political, social, and scientific documentaries, cooking, religion-religious and entertainment)  measured by 8 items.Discussion and Conclusion:   According to the results, the average variable feeding behavior of the respondents indicated their attitude towards unhealthy eating behavior. About rate of watch advertisements and the level of trust should be noted that there was less effort among respondents for watching and trust them.  The correlation between watching and feeding behavior of the media indicated that increasing respondentsâ media watching, decline rate of their healthy feeding behavior. As well, increasing respondentsâ confidence of the media, reduce their feeding behavior. Also, the respondentsâ trust the media increases, reduce their feeding behavior.   Comparison of mean values show that between age groups, older age groups have higher mean and  more healthy nutritional behavior but in younger group, the mean is less. Among respondents with different employment status, unemployed, lowest and average public sector employees have the highest average. Comparison of respondentsâ educational level shows that with rising levels of education, nutritional behavior will lead to a healthy diet. Comparison between singles and married and wife died persons, married have more healthy nutritional behavior. Finally, with comparing mean values can be concluded that the higher socio-economic class, dietary behavior will oriented to the use of healthy food. The mass media should strive to avoid indiscriminate advertising of consumer goods and unhealthy food, to make correct and accurate programs to promote food properly, provide healthy food for people, advertise on the entertainment programs and also produce videos and constructive programs, move to promotion of healthy lifestyles and behavior among the people.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: فاطمه گلابی,توکل آقایاری هیر,مرضیه ساعی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: حمایت اجتماعی,شبکه اجتماعی,عزت نفس,نوجوان,رفتار پرخطر,بجنورد,رابطه اجتماعی
- چکیده: پژوهش حاضر با سنجش رابطه اجتماعی از دو بعد ساختی و کارکردی در پی بررسی تأثیر رابطه اجتماعی بر بروز رفتارهای پرخطر در بین نوجوانان 19-15 ساله شهر بجنورد است. بعد ساختی رابطه اجتماعی با شبکه اجتماعی در چهار خرده مقیاس (خویشاوندان بلافصل، خویشاوندان گسترده، همسایگان و دوستان) و بعد کارکردی با حمایت اجتماعی و عزت نفس سنجیده شده است. رفتارهای پرخطر در هفت گروه (خشونت و حمل سلاح سرد، خودکشی، رابطه جنسی، مصرف سیگار، قلیان، مواد مخدر و مشروبات الکلی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاند. جمعیت مورد مطالعه شامل کلیه نوجوانان 19-15 سال شهر بجنورد در سال 1393با حجم نمونه 455 نفر است و نمونهگیری به روش سهمیهای بر حسب سن و جنس، گردآوری شده است. نتایج پژوهش در بعد ساختی رابطه اجتماعی نشان میدهد شبکه روابط اجتماعی نوجوان با خویشاوندان بلافصل تأثیر منفی و معنادار و شبکه دوستان و همسایگان تأثیر مثبت و معنادار بر رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان دارد. شبکه خویشاوندان گسترده تأثیری بر بروز رفتارهای مذکور ندارد. نتایج پژوهش در بعد کارکردی رابطه اجتماعی نشان میهد عزت نفس بر رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان تأثیر منفی و معنادار دارد اما مقیاس کلی حمایت اجتماعی بر بروز رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان تأثیری ندارد، هرچند دو زیر مقیاس از شش خرده مقیاس حمایت اجتماعی شامل زیر مقیاسهای اطمینان از ارزش و احساس پیوند قابل اعتماد، تأثیر منفی و معناداری بر رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان دارند. مدل معادله ساختاری برگرفته از مدل نظری پژوهش، از اعتبار مناسبی برای بررسی تأثیر رابطه اجتماعی بر بروز رفتارهای پرخطر برخوردار است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction High-risk behaviors are the ones that are accompanied by short-term benefits but are followed by long-term losses. Such behaviors are mostly revealed during adolescence. Majority of adolescents move from childhood to adulthood successfully but some of them show high-risk behaviors due to pressure and tensions caused by biological, social andcognitive changes of adolescence. Regarding risk factors and protective factors for high-risk behaviors, some theories will be discussed such as the biological theories of risk-taking behavior and psychological theories of risk-taking and social and environmental theories of risk-taking and the biopsychosocial model of risk-taking behavior. By discussing such theories, this study aims to investigate the effect of social relation on high-risk behavior of adolescents. Social relations affect health of people. Lack or shortage of social relations or destructive social relations jeopardize health of people especially adolescents. The effect of social relations on high-risk behaviors has been investigated by two aspects of structure and function. Structurally speaking, much emphasis is put on social networks (immediate kin, extended kin, friends, neighbors) that adolescent have relationships with them. Social network can affect high-risk behaviors of adolescents by social learning, cognitive learning, social control and membership in subcultures. Functionally speaking, the effect of social relation on high-risk behaviors has been investigated by measuring social support (attachment, social integration, opportunity for nurturance, reassurance of worth, a sense of reliable alliance, the obtaining of guidance) and self-esteem. High-risk behaviors have been examined in seven groups (violence, carrying cold weapons, suicide, sexual intercourse, cigarette, hookah, drug and alcohol use). Materials and Methods This study has been conducted with a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population included adolescents of 15-19 years old. Scale of sample was identified as 455 people based on Cocran formula and quota sampling was carried out based on age and gender. The information were collected based on four questionnaires including checklist of high-risk behaviors, the Lubben social network scale, social support scale of Cutrona and Russell (Social Provision Scale, SPS) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The information was studied descriptively and analytically. Discussion of Results and Conclusions the results of this study show that high-risk behavior is observed less among girls than boys. But particular attention should be paid to high-risk behaviors that relate to womenâs potential of fertility since it will be followed by more health, psychological and social risks and consequences for them.Investigation of the hypothesis of the study which was related to the effect of social network as a functional aspect of social relations on high-risk behaviors indicates that network of immediate kin functions as a protective factor against high-risk behaviors of adolescents. Significance of family relations as a protective factor against high-risk and criminal behaviors has been noted in the theory of social control and also social and environmental theories of risk-taking which is emphasized in this study. Expansiveness of extended kin network has no impact on high-risk behaviors of adolescents and it can be caused by adolescentsâ social, psychological and spatial distance from extended kin network, thus it limits effect of social relation on high-risk behaviors. Expansiveness of network of friends and neighbors as a risk factor affects high-risk behavior of adolescents. Behavior of peers has been deemed to be an influential factor for high-risk behaviors of adolescents in character, environment and behavior model and social and environmental model of risk-taking which has been pinpointed in this study.Investigation of tests of hypotheses regarding the effect of social support and self-esteem as functional aspect of social relation on high-risk behaviors indicates that self-esteem and two scales of social support (reassurance of worth, a sense of reliable alliance) affect high-risk behaviors which are emphasized by social and environmental theories of risk-taking that considers social support as a protective factor against high-risk behaviors. This hypothesis was confirmed in this study. But other subscales of social support (attachment, social integration, opportunity for nurturance, the obtaining of guidance) have no effect on high-risk behaviors. The effect of self-esteem on high-risk behaviors is emphasized by biological, psychological and social model and theoretical approach to social cognition which has been confirmed in this study. Regarding rejection of the hypothesis which relates to the effect of general scale of social support and its subscales on high-risk behaviors, investigation of social support based on age periods can be reviewed. Generally, model of structural equation obtained from theoretical model of the study is sufficiently valid to investigate the effect of social relations on high-risk behaviors.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: مریم رحمانی,وحید قاسمی,علی هاشمیان فر
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: بعد پیامدی,دینداری,دانشآموز,امیدواری,نظریه اسنایدر
- چکیده: امید به عنوان نیروی محرکه انسان و یکی از عوامل مهم در بهزیستی مادی و معنوی به شمار میرود. ادیان الهی همواره متدینین را در سختترین شرایط به امید، رجا و توکل دعوت میکنند. امیدواری در سن نوجوانی که مرحله شکلگیری بنیانیترین نظرها و مهمترین انتخابهاست به مراتب بیش از مراحل دیگر عمر اهمیت دارد. این تحقیق به دنبال این است که میزان امیدواری را در بین دانشآموزان دختر دوره متوسطه بسنجد و رابطه آن را با دینداری بررسی کند. روش این تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی و جامعه آماری آن را تمامی دانشآموزان دختر دوره متوسطه شهر شیراز (5673 نفر) در سال تحصیلی92-93تشکیل داده است که از آن میان، 400 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار spss مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نظریه اسنایدر، نظریه منتخب این تحقیق بود. اطلاعات و دادههای بهدست آمده بهوسیله روش های آمار توصیفی، ضریب همبستگی و جز آن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد بین ابعاد دینداری (بعد اعتقادی، مناسکی، عاطفی و پیامدی) با امیدواری دانش آموزان رابطه مستقیم و معنادار وجود دارد. از بین ابعاد دینداری بُعد پیامدی رابطه قویتری با امیدواری داشت.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Religion is an effective factor in socialization process which has attracted the attention of many sociologists. It is an important factor affecting mental health. Religion transforms the world picture in an individual view and changes his perception of himself, creation and the events surrounding him. Such a person does not feel frustration and anxiety caused by difficulties. He is sure that God support him. Incidents and events are transient and patience will be rewarded by God. (Cruise, Abedi, 2008). Naturally, human beings are vulnerable to concerns and worries so they consistently have fought to overcome them. Religiously speaking, one of the objectives of creation of humankind was to bring peace and comfort in life and humans struggle to overcome despair and depression (Parcham and others, 2010). Quality of life has a significant relationship with hope and plays an important role in achieving social success (Snayder quoted in Mehrinejad and Moghaddam, 2011). The lack of hope causes a person to feel disabled and desperate and that he does not have enough self-esteem. We tolerate suffering and torment because we think in the future it changes to the good. Therefore, all our efforts are worthwhile. Hope enables us to resist the difficulties and problems of the present so the door will be opened to solve them (Snyder, 2000). Spiritual crisis is one of the consequences of despair even among some religious people. Appropriate goal setting is a key factor in this battle. It seems that one of the causes of failures and successive wanderings in humans is disappointment in reaching goals and lack of effort. Optimistic people, with more faith, and popularity have more adaptability with education, employment and sports. Also, they have more political and social achievements and happiness. They hope they can live with the challenges that may be encountered consistently. Hope is so important that in recent years a new approach has emerged in the field of psychology, which is known as positive psychology. Positive psychology is the scientific study of human abilities and strengths. One of the most important element of positive psychology is optimism. So this paper aims at considering the relationship between religiosity and social hopefulness.   Materials & Methods  This is an applied research. With regard to the type of study, it is a descriptive study and has used the survey method. The study population consists of all high school female students in Shiraz during the academic year of 1391 -92, whose total number is equal to 5637 individuals. 381 students were selected by use of cluster sampling method and Cochran formula. Data collection techniques in this study was a Likert type questionnaire and the data was analyzed by SPSS software.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  In this study, emotional, religious, moral and ritual aspects of hope were measured. According to the results of previous research, a positive relationship between religious orientation and hopefulness was found. Likewise, hopelessness is associated with depression. Students who are religious and hopeful, have a higher tolerance threshold and are generally more successful in school.     Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: مریم مومنی,بیژن خواجه نوری,آزاده هوشیار
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: رفتار شهروندی سازمانی,عدالت توزیعی,عدالت رویهای,مشارکت در تصمیمگیری,حمایت ادراک شده سرپرست
- چکیده: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی مدل پیشنهادی مبنی بر میانجیگری عدالت رویهای و توزیعی ادراک شده در رابطه میان حمایت ادراک شده سرپرست و مشارکت در تصمیمگیری با رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کلیه کارکنان جهاد کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد (490 نفر) در سال 1391 است که از بین آنان 120 نفر به صورت تصادفی ساده به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامههای مشارکت در تصمیمگیری (پارنل و کرندال، 2001)، بعد حمایت سرپرست از پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی ایزنبرگر و همکاران (1986)، رفتار شهروندی سازمانی اسمیت و همکاران (1983 )، عدالت توزیعی کالیت (2001) و عدالت رویهای نیهوف و مورمان (1993) است. دادههای حاصل از پرسشنامههای پژوهش از طریق روش الگویابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM)، روش بارون و کنی (1986) و آزمون معنیداری سوبل (1982) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. شواهد حاصل از تحلیل دادهها ، برازش خوب الگوی پیشنهادی را مورد حمایت قرار دادند. نتایج نشان میدهد که هم عدالت رویهای و هم عدالت توزیعی، نقش میانجیگر در رابطه میان مشارکت در تصمیمگیری و رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی دارند ولی در رابطه بین حمایت ادراک شده سرپرست و رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی تنها عدالت رویهای، نقش میانجیگر دارد و میانجیگری عدالت توزیعی در این رابطه معنیدار نیست.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Among different organizational variables, social exchange theory has had an effective role in explaining and perceiving organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational justice. Exchange of justice is an important aspect of social exchange theory. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between perceived organizational justice and employees' attitudes. However, the issue that is examined in organizational justice and OCB is how employees should be treated such that they perceive the existence of justice in the organization. This study aimed at examining a proposed model based on the mediating role of procedural and perceived distributive justices in the relationship between supervisor's perceived support and participation in decision making with organizational citizenship behavior     Materials & Methods  The present study is of relational type. The population of the study include all employees of Agricultural Society of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad in Iran in 2011. From 490 employees, 120 were selected based on simple random sampling method. The questionnaires in this study include (1) Participation in decision-making inventory that was invented by Parnel and Bell (2001), (2) Supervisor's support inventory that was made by Eisenberger et al. (1986), (3) Organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire which was invented by Smith et al. (1983), (4) Distributive Justice Inventory as was made by Colquitt (2001), and (5) Procedural Justice Inventory as was made by Niehoff and Moorman (1993). Also, the analysis of the data started with preliminary analysis (zero-order Pearson correlations) to gain a basic insight of data. Then, more sophisticated analyzes were performed to assess the fitness of the proposed model, all of which were performed by Structural equation modeling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation of AMOS software, 16th version (Arbuckle, 1997). In order to determine that whether the proposed model fit the data, a combination of fitness parameters were used. To investigate the indirect (intermediate) effects in the proposed model, Baron and Kennyʼs (1986) method was used and to determine its significance, Sobelʼs (1982) test was used.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  The results of the study showed that the perception of justice (both procedural and distributive) has significant effects on the participation of employees in decision-making and consequently showing organizational citizenship behavior. As Kinicki and Kreitner (2006) claimed, justice in the organization shows employees' perceptions of fair treatment in the working environment and it is a factor which is made on the basis of the working conditions (Greenberg & Colquitt, 2005). When employees' opinions are listened to and they are included in decision making processes, they think that justice exists in the organization and rewards and facilities are distributed justly. Leventhal (1980) believes that fair procedures are characterized by the following properties: distribution of facilities should be unbiased and equal for all people over time, it should be carried out based on accurate information, it should be correctable, and it should be based on moral and ethical norms Thus for their participation in decision-making, employees should be informed about the organization's information and they should have equal opportunity to express their opinions and implicit values and norms such as fairness and consistency in the allocation of benefits and resources. The findings of this study are in line with the studies mentioned in the literature (Muhammad, 2004 Zhang, Lee & Zou, 2010), which show the importance of the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the organization's inputs and outputs (including OCB, job satisfaction, organizational commitment). The results of this study and other attempts, which have been carried out with regard to organizational justice theory, point to the significance of this mediating variable as an important motivational instrument in organizational behaviors and officials and managers should consider it. Based on organizational justice theory, it can be predicted that staff react against the presence or absence of organizational justice in the workplace. One of these reactions is the increase or decrease in the output data in that when staff observes that the justice does not exist in the organization, they get negative stress and thus in order to reduce such stress they try to decrease their participation and inputs in the organization. In such cases, their organizational citizenship behavior might decrease. Contrariwise, if staff feel that organizational justice exist in the workplace, they become motivated to increase their participation and inputs in the organization by helping behaviors such as organizational citizenship behavior.  On the other hand, in the proposed model it was hypothesized that if employees feel that they are under the support of their supervisors, they show more OCB perceiving procedural and distributive justice this hypothesis, however, has not been confirmed and the research hypothesis based on the mediating role of justice in the relationship between supervisor's perceived support and OCB was rejected. The reason might be explained by the fact that when employees consider their supervisor as one who has his own supervisor so he has no role in distributing rewards and allocating resources. The organizational norms are determined in the way that only senior managers make decisions and supervisors and junior officials have no freedom of action. This finding is in disagreement with the findings of a number of previous studies. The reason for such disagreement can be found in different working atmospheres in various organizations. In some organizations, managers give their supervisors freedom of action in decision-making procedures and processes and allow them to determine the way rewards should be distributed among staff. Though, in some other organizations supervisors might not have such freedom and they might have only higher positions in terms of rank but are similar with their subordinates in terms of power over action. In such organizations, even if staff perceive their supervisor's support, they might not have a clear understanding of justice in their organizations and if they show behaviors beyond the call of duty and OCB, it is because of the respect they have toward supportive behaviors of their supervisors, not because of the perceived justice and this lends further support to Greenberg and Colquitt' theory (2005), who claimed that the perception of justice in the organization is based on the working environment and the atmosphere of the organization .   Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: زینب دارمی,سحر جهانبخش گنجه,صادق جهانبخش گنجه
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: هویت ملی,هویت دینی,میراث فرهنگی
- چکیده: با توجه به نقش تأثیرگذار دین در شکل بخشیدن به نگرش ها ،گرایشها و معنابخشی به رفتارهای اجتماعی، پژوهش حاضر درصدد است تا اثر هویت دینی برحفظ میراث فرهنگی در بین جوانان شهر اصفهان را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. دیدگاههای نظری متعددی در باب نقش دین در جامعه وجود دارد. دورکیم و مارکس دین را ابزار قدرتمندان و موجب تخریب و تخدیر جامعه دانسته اند ولی وبر دین را منشأ بروز تغییرات اجتماعی میداند. این پژوهش با روش پیمایشی از طریق توزیع 343 پرسشنامه در شش منطقه از مناطق 14 گانه شهرداری شهر اصفهان که با نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدهاند، صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه با نرمافزار spss sample power محاسبه شد و به منظور آزمون فرضیات از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم افزار Amos استفاده گردید. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که هویت دینی جوانان در سه بعد عاطفی، اعتقادی و پیامدی با ابعاد شناختی، احساسی و عملکردی حفظ میراث فرهنگی ارتباط مستقیم و معناداری دارد و هویت دینی، 15/0از تغییرات در حفظ میراث فرهنگی را تبیین میکند. همچنین از بین متغیرهای زمینه ای تحصیلات پاسخگویان بر حفاظت از میراث اثر مثبت و معنادار داشته است. شاخصهای برازش مدل نشان میدهد مدل، برازش قابل قبولی دارد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction  Many social studies confirm that religion has an influential role in forming attitudes, trends and the meaning of social behaviors. However, so far little attention has been paid to examining the relationship between religious integrity and architectural space. Regarding to the fact that in many parts of the world cultural heritage places such as mosques, shrines, squares, temples and streets are alive and the public can use them actively, the present study intends to examine the relationship between religious identity and cultural heritage conservation. Based on the importance of youth's values, socialization and demographic characteristics of the Iranian population, youth were selected as this research's subjects. Material s and Methods  According to research goals, to assess the role of religion in social life and focusing on active preservation of cultural heritage, three indicators of belief, emotion and outcome were selected to measure religious identity. In this study, religious identity is reflected in the role of a person in reproducing religious institutions and the importance of religious behaviors in lifestyle and interactions.  There are two approaches to preserve cultural heritage: passive and active. While the first one aims at preventing any damage to cultural heritage, in the active approach, cultural heritage is more than buildings and structures. It includes values and history of a society thus preservation requires social engagement and development of social bonds between people and places. If people do not understand the hidden values of buildings, their protection loses its importance. For active preservation, three indicators of emotion, cognition and function were distinguished.  Data were gathered by survey, using multistage cluster sampling. A total of 343 people were questioned in 6 Isfahan urban districts as sample size. To test the assumptions, structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software. Discussion of R esults and C onclusion s  In terms of religious identity, the scores of indicators were 4.12, 3.43 and 2.61 for belief, emotion and outcome, respectively which indicates that the youth's believes are considerably stronger than religious behaviors. In cultural heritage preservation, indicators were 4.11, 2.63 and 2.36 for emotional, cognitive and functional dimensions, respectively. It shows that the youth are considerably engaged with cultural heritage emotionally, but they have little knowledge about them and behave poorly to support and preserve them.  Findings indicate that the relationship between religious identity and emotional, cognitive and functional indicators of preservation are statistically significant. With 95 percent confidence it could be asserted that religious identity is positively correlated with cultural heritage preservation. The religious identity can explain 0.15 of the preservationâs variance. Among socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, education and marital status, only respondentsâ education had a significant positive effect on the conservation of cultural heritage. Model fit indices show that the model has an acceptable fit.  Based on the results, strengthening the religious identity will increase the desire to preserve the cultural heritage. In other words, people with stronger social bonds have greater potential to collaborate with governmental and non-governmental organizations, in order to preserve the monuments.  Regarding the role of religious leaders to prepare lifestyle-based information to the public, and guide them, confident religious people can play an important role in the preservation of cultural heritage. Understanding the effect of religious identity on heritage conservation will promote and develop functions of religion and heritage Deep understanding of religious identity and related values embedded in cultural monuments, gives authorities and researchers a new insight about the relationship between the integrity of users and the preservation of a place. From this viewpoint, cultural heritage will be a source of identity, power and social responsibility.   Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: نسرین پنجه پور,ثریا معمار,حسن شیخ,ثریا معمار
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه اجتماعی,دانشآموزان دختر,انگیزش پیشرفت,موفقیت تحصیلی
- چکیده: پژوهش حاضر به منظور تبیین رابطه بین سرمایه اجتماعی خانواده و موفقیت تحصیلی فرزندان صورت گرفته است. جامعه مورد مطالعه دانشآموزان دختر سال سوم دبیرستانهای شهر ساری مرکز استان مازندران هستند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به شیوه نمونهگیری طبقهای به تعداد 326 نفر برآورد و افراد گزینش شدند. روش پژوهش پیمایشی و ابزار گردآوری دادهها، پرسشنامه بود که توسط دانشآموزان و والدین آنان پاسخ داده شد. برحسب یافتههای پژوهش موفقیت تحصیلی این گروه از دانشآموزان نسبتاً مطلوب و سرمایه اجتماعی خانواده آنان و انگیزش پیشرفت فرزندان بهطور نسبی بالا بوده است. همچنین مطالعه ارتباط بین متغیرها نشان میدهد، سرمایه اجتماعی درون خانواده (ارتباطات درون خانوادگی) در رتبه اول تأثیر گذاری ( 43/0 = β ) بر موفقیت تحصیلی، سپس سرمایه اجتماعی بیرون خانواده (ارتباطات بیرون خانوادگی) با 31/0= β حائز رتبه بعدی مؤثر بر موفقیت تحصیلی فرزندان است و نیز انگیزش پیشرفت به مثابه یک عامل واسط در رابطه بین سرمایه اجتماعی خانواده با موفقیت تحصیلی فرزندان معنیدار است.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Type of family relationship in terms of both quality and quantity is important. It is believed that family's social relationships can influence children's educational performance. In fact, in the literature of the sociology of the family, this is knows as social capital , which is undoubtedly effective on the education of children. It is important to acknowledge that the achievement or failure of educational goals among children cannot reduced to the institution of education alone. Family characteristics , such as social capital should be considered , too. Therefore, to know the full extent of the role of families in the educational achievement of children it is very important to consider all aspects. The present research tries to study the relationship between family social capital and achievement motivation among female students.    Materials & Methods  The statistical population of this research includes all female students who are in grade 3 in Sari in Mazandaran province in governmental schools and in the fields of (1) mathematics and physics (2) experimental sciences, (3) and the humanities. By using Cochran formula, the sample size was calculated (326) and collected by means of multistage cluster sampling method. In this research, two kinds questionnaire have been used: family social capital questionnaire and Herman's achievement motivation questionnaire. To perform the analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and path analysis have been used.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  The results show that there are meaningful relationships between the variables of social capital within the family, social capital outside of the family, and mixed variables of family social capital with achievement motivation and educational achievement. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, it is clear that the variables of social capital in family (0.43), social capital outside of the family (0.31), and achievement motivation (0.28) have the strongest relationship with dependent variable, which is educational achievement. So, based on correlation results, there is a strong statistical relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The results and findings of path analysis also show that social capital in family (with 0.43 direct effect coefficient and 0.26 indirect effect coefficient), and social capital outside the family (with 0.31 direct effect coefficient and 0.11 indirect effect coefficient), have meaningful impacts, both directly and indirectly, on dependent variable. Also, the finding of path analysis shows that achievement motivation is an intermediate variable.  The results of this research imply that the majority of students with high educational achievement also have a high level of family social capital ( social capital within the family and social capital outside of the family ). There seems to be a direct correlation between educational achievement and social capital . Results show that , ever - increasing levels of social capital within the family leads to more achievement in children's education , and vice versa. Overall, the findings show a relatively strong relationship between social capital 's effects on educational achievement in children. These results confirm the findings of Lichter and colleague (1994 ) and Teachman and colleagues (1996 ), as well as the study of Hung (2009 ) and some studies in other countries. Likewise, some result are consistent with previous studies in Iran, including the study of Mehri (2005 ), Salarzadeh and Mahbobi ( 2009), Noghni and colleagues (2012 ).    Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: شهربانو غضنفری,حسین کردی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مشارکت اجتماعی,نشاط اجتماعی,مشارکت ذهنی,مشارکت عینی,روحیه مشارکتی
- چکیده: در این پژوهش به بررسی رابطه بین مشارکت اجتماعی و نشاط اجتماعی پرداخته میشود. روش پژوهش از نوع پیمایش و جامعه آماری آن کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل در سال تحصیلی 92-91 هستند که تعداد آنها برابر با 10223 نفر است. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده شد و 370 نفر دانشجو به شیوه نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها، پرسشنامه بوده که در مورد متغیر نشاط اجتماعی با پنج بعد از پرسشنامه استاندارد آکسفورد استفاده شده و پرسشنامه مشارکت اجتماعی با سه بعد از نوع پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بوده است. روایی پرسشنامه از طریق اعتبار صوری و محتوایی و پایایی آن نیز از طریق آلفای کرونباخ بهدست آمد. اطلاعات بهدست آمده با استفاده از نرمافزار آماری SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان میدهد که میزان نشاط اجتماعی در حدّ متوسط به بالا و میزان مشارکت اجتماعی در حدّ متوسط به پایین است. در ابعاد مشارکت اجتماعی روحیه مشارکتی و در ابعاد نشاط اجتماعی بعد رضایت از خود بیشترین میانگین را در بین دانشجویان به خود اختصاص میدهند. میزان نشاط اجتماعی با مشارکت اجتماعی و ابعاد سهگانه آن دارای همبستگی مستقیم معنیدار بود؛ ولی مشارکت و نشاط اجتماعی براساس جنس، وضعیت تأهل دانشجویان معنیدار نبودند. دانشجویان رشتههای علوم انسانی و پزشکی با نشاطتر بوده و دانشجویان فنی در بین دانشجویان مورد مطالعه از کمترین میزان نشاط برخوردار بودند. در نهایت، تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که 17 درصد از تغییرات متغیر نشاط اجتماعی از روی ابعاد سهگانه مشارکت اجتماعی قابل تبیین است. همچنین، وجود روحیه مشارکتی بیشترین تأثیر را در میزان نشاط اجتماعی دانشجویان دارا بوده است.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  Social happiness is part of the social welfare component and depends more on social and economic determinants than on psychological and medical interventions. Meanwhile , it is one of the core concepts of sustainable development. Being happy is just one of the desirable wishes of life in every society . A nation is fresher and certainly wealthier when its citizens are happy. In this type of society , citizens have optimistic attitudes towards life and things around them. From 2000 onwards, variables such as happiness, hope in future , pleasure and satisfaction have been included as key variables in UN debates to determine level of development s in countries . This phenomenon is measured by the density of social networks and relationships , in many studies is associated with social health and happiness (Kawachi, 2008). Durkheim showed that suicide rates in populations with low levels of participation and social cohesion were more than cohesive communities (Halpern, 2005). Theorists argue that when people reach to a desired location or target , they become happy . According to Lerner, new communities are participatory societies in which modernization process is advanced , a move from traditional society to participatory society is inevitable. In t his view, economic participation means increased activity in the market and an increase in income, political participation means participation in elections , cultural participation means utilization of mass media and emotional involvement means empathy and psychological mobility (Lerner 1969: 86) .    Materials & Methods  This is quantitative study based on survey. We used Descriptive statistics and indicators such as dispersion and mean , standard deviation , minimum and maximum scores. For inferential statistics and to test the hypotheses, we used Pearson 's correlation coefficient and analysis of variance . A lso for explaining the social happiness variable , a stepwise multiple regression equation was used. Research population include all students of Azad University, branch of Ardebil, whose total number was 10223 at the year 2012-1213, of whom a sample of 370 individuals was selected using stratified random sampling method.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between participation and happiness , which is in line with the results of other empirical investigations by Akbarpour beny and colleagues (2011 ), Eliasi (2002 ) and Neshatdoost et al. (2009 ) and Haller and Hadlr (2006 ). Similar to Hezarjarib and Astinfeshan research ( 2010), social happiness in our study was in a moderate level. At the same time , this research is in line with safari's research (2010 ) regarding lack of a significant relationship between discipline and marital status with social happiness .  Likewise, the results emphasize the lack of a significant difference between males and females in social participation and happiness . But Similar to Eddington and Showmen 's research (2004 ), female subjects seem to be happier than male ones . In this study , the three dimensions of participation , and collaborative spirit have a greater impact on social happiness , which is in line with the results of Larson (2000 ) and Peterson ( 2000 ). By looking at different aspects of happiness, it becomes clear that respondents obtain high scores in personal dimension, but in social dimension this score is lower . This is consistent with Lyubomirsky and colleaguesâ research (2005). Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: نازیلا اخشی,فاطمه گلابی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مشارکت اجتماعی,اعتماد,سلامت اجتماعی,تئوری کییز
- چکیده: سلامت اجتماعی در کنار سلامت جسمی و روانی یکی از ارکان تشکیلدهنده سلامت و بیانگر ارزیابی فرد از زندگی اجتماعی است. بررسی و مقایسه میزان سلامت اجتماعی در بین دانشجویان دختر و پسر هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بوده که براساس تئوری کییز با پنج بعد یکپارچگی اجتماعی، پذیرش اجتماعی، سهم داشت اجتماعی، شکوفایی اجتماعی و پیوستگی اجتماعی مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. این پژوهش ازنوع پیمایش مقطعی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان انجام شده است. نمونه این پژوهش 375 دانشجواست و دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار spss و بهوسیله آزمونهای تی، آنوا و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شدند. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی ازآن است که از بین متغیرهای مستقل، اعتماد اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، دسترسی به امکانات وخدمات محیطی و ارزیابی فرد از طبقه اجتماعی خود و خانواده و از بین متغیرهای زمینهای، وضعیت تأهل، وضعیت شغلی، محل تولد و رشته تحصیلی با سلامت اجتماعی رابطه معناداری دارند. برای سنجش تأثیر جمعی متغیرهای مستقل بر متغیر وابسته با استفاده از رگرسیون مشخص شد 59 درصد از تغییرات واریانس سلامت اجتماعی به وسیله دو متغیر اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی تبیین میشود و میزان سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان در حد متوسط است، بهطوریکه سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان پسر (با میانگین 7/99) بیشتراز سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان دختر (8/98) است.
- چکیده انگلیسی:  Introduction  The present article examines relationship between social health and social factors responsible for its increase or decrease, since health is an important factor in all societies, and is one of the most basic human needs in life. Social health, along physical and psychological health, is fundamentally important for general health. It could be shown in one's evaluation of his or her social life and its quality. So investigation about the social health of male and female students as an important social group has been the main purpose of this article. This study is based on a research in Kerman on the basis of key theories in the field of social health with five dimensions of social integration, acceptance, contribution, coherence and actuation.    Materials and Methods  The study is a survey using questionnaire along with interview with the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. It includes 375 male and female students currently studying at the university, who are selected by random classified sampling method. It is worth mentioning that different courses are selected according to the number of male and female students in each nine faculties of the University. Data are analyzed with SPSS and different statistical tests were utilized.   Discussion of Results and Conclusions  Overall, 51.2% of the selected students are female and 48.8% are male, of whom 79.7% are single with the average age of 22 and only 17% are employed.  The finding shows that the average social health among male students is slightly higher that female students and in other respects there are meaningful differences between the two sexes in a way that average social contribution among male students is higher than female students and average social actuation is higher among female students than male ones. When it comes to social coherence, they are close to each other.  Upon further examination of the data, it became clear that social trust, social contribution, accessibility of facilities and services, selfâevaluation of social class, family, marriage status, employment, place of birth and the major of the student, all are in meaningful relationships with social health. Also 54% of the changes of the variance of social health are explained by two factors of social trust and contribution.  In general it can be said that lack of contribution to social activities and lack of trust are two barriers for stepping into social settings. In such a situation, one feels that there is no common point between personal and social values and becomes indifferent and trustless regarding social norms (decline of social integration).  Therefore one feels that social fate depends on external structures and not on social components, and does not fell any potential ability for the process of evaluation (decline of social actuation). With this mentality people may feel that society is so complicated that it is difficult to understand and predict the future (decline of social coherence). Therefore positive attitude towards society and even people is distorted (decline of social acceptance).  When these attitudes are created one loses his ability and feels that he has no role in the progress and future of his society (decline of social contribution) and so his social health decreases. This results in contradiction in his personality, distortion of social behavior and expansion of fraud, social abnormalities, delinquencies, etc.  Therefore social health is an important factor in accepting social norms which enables the person to create a positive balance and avoids unfavorable responses. People who possess social health can face with life challenges and have a better function in society.  Since one of the main factors responsible for social health is social trust, we supposed that increase in social health depends on increase in trust to others and social institutions. One way to increase social health, therefore, is to present clear information, respecting rules and focusing on needs and aspirations of the young.   Â
- انتشار مقاله: 25-03-1395
- نویسندگان: طیبه نیک ورز,لیلا یزدان پناه
- مشاهده