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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری,نگرش زیست محیطی,رفتار زیست محیطی,شهر تبریز,دلبستگی مکانی
- چکیده: بررسی رفتار زیست محیطی شهروندان جوامع و عوامل مؤثر بر آن، همچنان یکی از اساسیترین موضوعات مورد توجه جامعهشناسان در حوزه محیط زیست است. این مقاله با هدف مطالعه رابطه متغیرهای دلبستگی مکانی و نگرش مسؤولانه زیست محیطی با رفتار مسؤولانه زیست محیطی انجام شده است. تأثیر نگرش مسؤولانه زیست محیطی به عنوان متغیر واسطه به کار گرفته شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر، شهروندان 15 الی 75 ساله شهر تبریز و حجم نمونه آماری 456 نفر است که به شیوه پیمایش و روش نمونهگیری خوشهای، با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه بررسی شدهاند. اعتبار ابزار با تکنیک تحلیل عاملی و محاسبه KMO و پایایی آن با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ بررسی شده است. یافتهها حاکی از آن است که دلبستگی شهروندان تبریز به محیط اجتماعی و کالبد طبیعی شهر برابر با 44/4 (74 درصد مقیاس تعریف شده) است؛ میانگین نمرات رفتار مسؤولانه زیست محیطی برابر با 47/4 بوده که کمتر از میانگین نمرات نگرش مسؤولانه زیست محیطی با مقدار 55/4 است. نتایج به دست آمده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان میدهد که متغیر نگرش زیست محیطی به صورت مستقیم با ضریب مسیر 224/0 بر رفتار مسؤولانه زیست محیطی تأثیر داشته و متغیر دلبستگی مکانی نیز با ضریب مسیر 53/0 بر رفتار زیست محیطی مؤثر است؛ متغیر دلبستگی مکانی نیز با ضریب مسیر 23/0 بر رفتار مسؤولانه زیست محیطی تأثیر میگذارد. از طرفی دلبستگی مکانی با تأثیر بر نگرش مسؤولانه زیست محیطی با ضریب مسیر 68/0، به طور غیرمستقیم بر رفتار مسؤولانه زیست محیطی مؤثر است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionStudy about environmental behavior and its effective factors is the basic issue in environmental sociology. Most studies emphasis on attitudes, knowledge and awareness about environment ant its risks. Few of them have focused on other social and environmental factors such as place attachment. Theoretical approaches that were employed in this paper are Low and Altman theory of place attachment (1992) and New ecological paradigm (NEP) of Dunlap and Van Liere. According to these theoretical approaches physical and social characters of places that citizens are resident of them or sometimes are present at those places, effect on type of emotions and relatedness of individuals to places. Fundamental purposes of the paper are measuring of Tabriz citizen's place attachment (attachment to their city) and then explaining the relationships between 3 variables (EA, PA and EB). Examining the relationship between environmental attitude (EA), place attachment (PA) and environmental behavior (EB) can help us to explore other factors along with environmental attitude that play important role in forming environmental behavior. In addition, in this article the effect of EA as an intervening variable was studied. Entrance of this variable in the research model is the new idea in this paper. So, hypothesis of research are:1-Â Â Â Â Â Place attachment and environmental responsible behavior have a significant relationship.2-Â Â Â Â Â Environmental responsible attitude and environmental responsible behavior have a significant relationship.3-Â Â Â Â Â Place attachment effects on environmental responsible behavior by environmental responsible attitude.Material& MethodsMethodologically, this paper is extensive study and in terms of time is sectional one. Also, Type of This research is an applied one and method of study is Survey. We have used questionnaire as a technique of gathering data. Statistical society is 15 to 75 years old citizens of Tabriz and the sample size is 442 that were selected by cluster sampling. In questionnaire used in this research several scales have been applied for measuring all of the dependent and independent variables. Stern scale (2000) and milfont and dukitt scale (2010) were applied in this questionnaire for measurement of EB and EA. PA is a new, complicated and multidimensional concept in social science especially is used mostly in urban sociology and urban planning. But few studies have attempted to define it operationally. So we created a new scale for PA with combining and summarizing 4 scales and then assessed validity and reliability of them. Validity of questionnaire was checked with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability of that was checked whit cronbachâs alpha. For analyzing data was used SPSS software. Â Also, we used structural equation modeling with LISREL software to explore multivariate relationships because of existence of errors and covariance between indices. Furthermore, goodness of fit statistics was calculated with this software.Discussion and Conclusion Results show that attachment of citizens to the social and physical environment of Tabriz is higher than 70 percent. So, descriptive statistics show that places despite of Late Modernityâs overcoming on the global space, Globalization and space â time density have an important role in forming of emotions and identities of human beings. In this research average score of EB and EA are 74.5 and 75.83. Also, research literature provides evidence confirming the effect of place attachment on attitudes and behaviors in different areas of human life such as environmental attitudes and behaviors. The result of SEM in this paper confirmed that EA and PA directly effect on EB and their path coefficients are .53 and .23. Place attachment and environmental attitude as independent variables have explained about 11 percent of environmental behavior as a dependent variable. Furthermore, multiple correlation of these variables is .32. Also, intervening effect of EA in relationship of PA and EB is confirmed. Goodness of fit indexes such as CFI, GFI and AGFI are more than .9 and it is adequate result. On the other hand, RMSEA as the other important goodness of fit index was calculated in Lisrel and .03 was obtained. Numbers less than .06 for RMSEA are acceptable and indicate fitness of assumed model. Relationships obtained are the approvals for importance of social and psychological factors such as place attachment in forming of environmental behaviors beside the environmental attitudes. Existence of important places in the usual life of people can perform vital role in forming of responsible emotions, values and norms toward their environment. These positive and responsible emotions and values institutionalize environmental responsible attitudes that increase people intention to behave responsibly in the field of environment.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: محمد عباس زاده,حسین بنی فاطمه,محمد باقر علیزاده اقدم,لیلا علوی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: تعهد,هویت ملی,کاوشگری,سبک اطلاعاتی,سبک هنجاری,سبک اجتنابی / آشفته
- چکیده: میزان هویت ملی در میان اقشار جوان و نخبه دانشگاهی یکی از دغدغههای پیش روی دولتها و جوامع چند فرهنگی همچون ایران است. این مسأله یعنی میزان احساس تعلق خاطر و آگاهی نسبت به مؤلفههای سازنده هویت ملی نیازمند بررسی معرفها و عوامل روانشناختی، فرهنگی، جامعهشناختی و سیاسی تأثیرگذار برآن به ویژه در میان نسلهای سوم و چهارم انقلاب است. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد با رویکردی تازه مبینهای روانشناختی و جامعه شناختی هویت ملی را از دریچه سبکهای هویتی بازبینی کند. چارچوبی که به زعم نظریهپردازان آن، افراد تجارب زندگی خود را متناسب با آن، معنا و تفسیر میکنند و اهداف زندگی خود را تعیین میکنند. به نظر میرسد نوع کاوش، جستجو، تعهد و تصمیمگیری درباره آنچه باید ارزشها، باورها و اهداف ملی باشند و به دنبال آن، درگیر شدن کنشها، تکالیف و انتخابهای مهم سیاسی و اجتماعی افراد؛ بتواند میزان هویت ملی در میان دانشجویان را تبیین کند. لذا سؤال اصل این است که آیا سبکهای هویتی میتواند هویت ملی دانشجویان را پیشبینی کند و احتمالاً کدام سبک یا سبکهای هویتی با افزایش و یا کاهش احساس و آگاهی نسبت به تاریخ، سیاست، فرهنگ و اجتماع افراد در ارتباط است؟ پاسخی که میتواند از طریق مطالعه بین رشتهای، راه حلهایی را برای افزایش هویت ملی دانشجویان بازنمایی کند. روش به کار رفته در این پژوهش از نوع پیمایشی است که در میان244 نفراز دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان در سال تحصیلی93-94 انجام گردید. یافتهها نشان میدهد سبکهای هویتی میتواند تا 31درصد از هویت ملی دانشجویان را تبیین کند. در این میان سبک هنجاری بیشترین تأثیر مثبت و همافزا را داشت و سبک اجتنابی در جهت کاهش هویت ملی دانشجویان عمل کرد. این در حالی است که خودبسندگی، اکتشاف و جستجوگری فعالانه یعنی سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی نتوانست نقش معناداری در جهت افزایش یا کاهش هویت ملی ایفا کند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction The degree of national identity among academic youth and elite classes is one of the concerns facing governments and multicultural societies such as Iran. This issue, i.e. the degree of sense of belongingness and awareness of components constructing national identity requires investigating psychological, cultural, sociological, and political factors affecting it particularly among the third and fourth generations of the Revolution. Accordingly, the present study is to revise psychological and sociological representations of national identity with a new approach from the perspective of identity styles; the framework in which according to its theorists, individuals interpret their own life experiences appropriate to it and determine their life objectives based on it. It seems that the type of investigation, search, commitment, and decision making about what should be as national values, beliefs, and objectives, and consequently, involvement in important political and social actions, duties, and selections of individuals, can explain the degree of national identity among students. Therefore, the main question of the present study is whether identity styles and predict studentsâ national identity and which identity style or styles are related with the increase or decrease of individualsâ feeling and awareness of history, politics, culture, and society? The answer can represents some solutions in line with increasing studentsâ national identity via interdisciplinary studies.Material & MethodsThe method employed in the present study is the survey research. Participants were 244 students of the University of Isfahan in 2014-2015 (mean age = 22.96 years; 119 female )who completed tow questionnaires: first was identity styles Inventory (ISI-6G) that Berzonsky(1992) Offered in his Discuss, and The second questionnaire is estimated national identity that Rabbani et al.( 2009) applied in their research. As well as Pearson correlation, analysis variance model (ANOVA), and multivariate regression used to analyze the data.Discussion of Results & ConclusionsFindings of the research indicate that identity styles can explain up to 31% of studentsâ national identity. Accordingly, the normative style has the highest positive and synergistic effect, and avoidant style acts in line with the reduction in studentsâ national identity. This is while self-sufficiency, exploration and active probe, i.e. informational identity style cannot play the significant role for increasing or decreasing national identity. Thus, This study is consistent with those theories that believe that National identity is a concept planed, institutional and Constitutive and determined by oral and formal structures such as the family, schools, and government, So, in this research, national identity is produced and made in social structures For those who have normative style, they have National identity higher than the other styles. It can predict Up to 50 percent of national identity. In normative style, we expect that Individuals give mining about their Country, nation, nationality, culture, history and local values under the influence of authority and social structures. Also results indicated that differences in mean score of identity styles. Min score in avoidant style more than others and up to average. Also it can Decline national Identity in the Students of the University. It seams that person unresolved crisis in youth and adolescence unable to reflect and emergence her/his commitment and sense about national identity. This category of people havenât Cognitive stability of national values, to solve social and personal problems and often their burdens and responsibilities half-abandoned.This study demonstrated that identity styles contributed to Increase and decrease In national identity with  normative style and avoidant style Among students of the University, so The study recommended that  Public, formal, and training institutions especially University administrators should adopt strategies that strengthen the national value with nice voice, Image and Context. In this time, the Governments cannot defend its territorial integrity and national values only with military force, but According to the mental boundaries of its citizens and strengthen the sense of belonging to local and national elements is necessary.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: راضیه مهرابی کوشکی,جواد امام جمعه زاده,حسین مسعودنیا,علی ربانی خوراسگانی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سرمایه اجتماعی,سرمایه فرهنگی,سرمایه نمادین,گروه مرجع,پرورش نخبگان,گرایش به مهاجرت
- چکیده: نخبگان رکن اساسی توسعه هر جامعهای هستند که بدون آنها مسیر توسعه هرگز هموار نخواهد شد. مسألهای که جامعه ما را مورد تهدید میکند، مهاجرت نخبگان است. بر این اساس ضروری است که به منظور نگهداشت نخبگان و استفاده مناسب از ظرفیتهای علمی آنان در جهت توسعه، زیرساختها و شرایط لازم برای پرورش و بالندگی شناسایی شود. پژوهش حاضر در راستای نیل به این هدف سعی بر مطالعه زمینههای اجتماعی پرورش و گریز نخبگان در شهر بندرعباس داشته است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی- مقطعی بوده و از ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﭘﺮسشناﻣﺔﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر دربرگیرنده دانشآموزان نخبه پیش دانشگاهی مدارس تیزهوشان، استادان نخبه، دانشجویان استعداد درخشان دوره تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه دولتی، پزشکان نخبه و محققان و پژوهشگران نخبه غیر دانشگاهی، به تعداد 267 نفر میباشد، که از این تعداد 140 نفر براساس فرمول کوکران و به شیوه نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهبندی و انتخاب شدهاند. برای بررسی رابطه متغیرهای پیشبین بر پرورش نخبگان و تمایل آنها به مهاجرت، ازآزمونهای ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، آزمون t، تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه، رگرسیون چند گانه و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که بین سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه فرهنگی، سرمایه نمادین، خانواده و پرورش نخبگان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان میدهد که بین سرمایه اجتماعی، گروه مرجع، امنیت اجتماعی و گرایش به مهاجرت رابطه معناداری وجود دارد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionIn recent years there has been an intense competition among countries for absorbing elite and developing methods for applying their knowledge. Different researches have been performed on elite individuals and different aspects of their lives. The ever increasing interest of scientists to research on these individuals indicates the importance and the role which they had on the development of societies.  Material & MethodsIn this research for the first part of the study, that is studying the background and designing a theoretical framework document survey has been used and considering the conditions and study subject for producing necessary data for examining theoretical framework in a specific time period survey-sectional method has been applied. Also researcher-built questionnaire technique has been used. The type of present study according to its goal is functional and because the present research seeks to describe and analyze the situation based on recommended variables of research therefore it is categorized as descriptive-analytic researches. The statistical community of this research includes elite pre-university students of female and male talented studentsââ schools of district one and two, elite instructors, talented students of supplementary studies of state university, elite physicians, and non-academic talented researchers introduced by elite foundation of Bandar-e-Abbas city. The total number of these elite equals to 267 individuals. 140 persons of them are man and 127 of them are woman. Considering the fact that the subject study of this research is a sociological survey, the analysis unit of this research is individual (academic and non-academic scientific elite). In this research classification sampling with simple random has been used. For determining the sample size quantitative Cochran formula is used. Discussion of Results & ConclusionsIn todayâs world the comprehensive development of a country is proportionate to production, application and promotion level of science. So if we accept that development is depended on these factors, in this way the high position of science and knowledge producers as the most effective factors of development would be highlighted. Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of studying effective social settings on elite training and flight. Conceptual frameworks and discussed theoretical viewpoints in theoretical section of the study provided a suitable departure point for proposing questions and achieving an acceptable explanation during the experimental survey. The main question of this study was to highlight the role of underlying social factors and grounds in elite training and effective factors for their training and their tendency to migration. The results of Pearson, one-way analysis of variance, multiple regression, and path analysis exams indicate that in two-variable analysis a significant relation between cultural capital and elite training has been observed. But this relation is negative and reverses which could indicate that cultural capital has a unjust and unequal distribution in society. And especially in the case study which are a group of selected elite.As it was observed in this study symbolic capital has a crucial role in elite training. In other words, with capital increment, elite training would also increase. This hypothesis was approved considering the theory of Bourdieuâs symbolic capital.Scientific world like different social fields is a kind of market in which the contrast and competition are done for achieving symbolic capital. The ultimate goal is accumulation of symbolic capital. Each elite is like a capitalist that tries to take her capital management in the best possible way. As capitalism is based on economic inequality, elite power has also unequal distribution. (Jahanbakhsh, 2007: pp.4-8)In addition to mentioned variables social capital variable has a direct relation to elite training. In other words, with the increment of social capital elite training also increases. The increase of social capital results in social interaction with high level of cooperation, trust, mutual deal, civil participation, and social welfare. Accordingly a society which enjoys powerful social relations and generally owns impressive social capital would provide the setting for elite training all by itself. In this way more elite and individualsâ participation and cooperation in society would result in growth and development and reinforces trust and social relations in society. If social capital is reinforced then in its setting elite could flourish their mental and spiritual abilities and be useful in advancing the supposed societyâs goals.In addition to positive relation of social capital on elite training the relation of this variable on the rate of elite tendency to migration is direct and negative. Thus it could be said that by decrease of social capital elite migration increases. So, the more social capital is reinforced, the performance of elite mentally and spiritually improves.Family is also one of the variables related to elite training. According to research results this relation is positive and significant. Elite training is depended on numerous reasons but family factor is one of the most important related factors on elite training and development course and their success. Certainly the role of family in elite success is so important that under no excuse it could be denied. The family with that significant and outstanding position that has in educational system could train many elite and have a significant impact on their success. The result of present study is in line with research results of Nouraldinvand et al (2011).One of the other effective factors in elite training is reference group. There is no doubt that an elite individualâs success to some extent is depended on its individual features. But it should not be forget that the elite as a member of school, family, and society may has access to different sources and supports which have important impact on his success. Reference group includes individuals or groups that come as basis and criteria for individualsâ judgment and evaluation. This group has a crucial role in social life of the elite. And the elite refer to this group for consult and getting comments. The results of the study indicate that between two variables; âsocial securityâ and âtendency to migrationâ there is a significant and positive relation. But considering the available documents in the province it seems this relation is a fake one. In this regard it is necessary to mention that because Bandar-e-Abbass city is a trade and economic district many people from other cities migrate and settle in this city for finding job. Naturally these issues have provided a secure atmosphere for its residents. Maybe some individuals feel secure but with a closer look in the mentioned district it becomes clear that in hidden layers there are so many insecurities. Acquired results indicate that there is no significant difference between two sexes as far as tendency to migration is concerned. Thus, it seems that the traditional structure of society and the viewpoints about men âthat because of more freedom in action they have a higher tendency to migrate- is disappearing. Or it could be said that this traditional view does not exist between the elite. Therefore the supremacy of boysâ tendency to migration rather than girls is not significant. This point is more likely to be analyzed in feministic approaches. Also the results indicate that there is significant statistical difference between the ages of respondents. The reason of this difference could be related to the great difference between the age ranges of respondents. Also the results indicate that the young elite in comparison to middle-age and adult elite have more tendencies to migration.In the final analysis considering the results of descriptive and inferential and also gathered data from interviews it could be mentioned that in modern world no society can continue to live without elite human sources. The result that could be got is that society with measures and adopting effective and efficient social, cultural, and political mechanisms should strengthen and enhance the factors which causes elite training and decreases their tendency to migrate. And also it should try to destroy the repulsive factors. And if the fundamental goal of society is social development then education and training and investing about elite human sources should receive specific attention. It should be acknowledged that deployment and maintenance of the elite needs social bedding. The important point that we have found in this research was that in Bandar-e-Abbass city socio-cultural factors like economic factors have influence on tendencies and motivations of individuals or even more. The analysis of these factors indicate that the reasons to elite migration inside the country or their migration abroad is related to the inappropriate situation and operation of education and training and higher education institutions, cultural and social institutions in the studied society. The structural deficiencies of scientific institutions and educational centers as the most important reason for elite migration indicate that the educational opportunities and scientific institutions and educational centers inside the province and country are not sufficient especially in supplementary level. Â
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: نادر افقی,حمید عباداللهی,سمیره علی پور
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: احساس زیست محیطی,احساس تعلق نسبت به محیط زیست,ارزشهای زیست محیطی,تجربه ارتباط با طبیعت,جامعهپذیری زیست محیطی
- چکیده: احساس را میتوان بخشی از فضای مفهومی نگرشهای زیست محیطی دانست. احساسات زیست محیطی که دلالتهای تعلقگرایانه دارند، بیشک تأثیری مهم بر رفتارهای همسو در قبال محیط زیست خواهند داشت. این پژوهش به بررسی جامعهشناختی عوامل مؤثر بر احساس تعلق شهروندان تهرانی نسبت به محیط زیست با استفاده از روش پیمایش و با ابزار پرسشنامه پرداخته است. روابط دو متغیره مابین ارزشهای زیست محیطی، تجربه ارتباط با طبیعت، جامعهپذیری زیست محیطی و دینداری با متغیر وابسته، قابل تأیید و تعمیم هستند. رگرسیون چند متغیره حاکی از آن است که مدل نظری توانسته است 48 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را در میان نمونه تحقیق توضیح دهد. تحلیل مسیر متغیرهای مستقل با متغیر وابسته نیز نشان میدهد که متغیرهای تجربه ارتباط با طبیعت با 0.617 و ارزشهای زیست محیطی با 0.346 درصد، به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر متغیر وابسته داشتهاند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionWith attention to scarcity of natural renewable supplies and necessity of more convergence between human and nature, exploring related factors in order to decrease environmental footprints of human is essential. Human society has been shaped in natural environment, and then interactions between human and environment are as crucially important as his interactions with other humans and sociology should give precise attentions to this level of social interactions. From sociological standpoint, humanâs emotion and behavior come into emergence as a recent and unique domain. Since in urban communities, the relationship between these two areas seems to be detached and as a result, sense of belonging towards nature has been decreasing, exploring relationships between natural and human realms has an undeniable impact on controlling human behavior toward nature. Because, for as much as environmental problems profoundly have social concepts, then taking into account the middle level variables such as sense of belonging as a part of environmental attitudes can determine types and qualities of human behaviors toward environmental issues. Emotions are under the influence of culture, values and human interactions and are basically produced by social situations. Examining sense of belonging (emotions related to attachment, calmness and feeling of being united with nature and environmental issues) among Tehran residents can provide a theoretical approach and social policy strategy.                                                                                   Material and Methods Emotions are considered as an essential linkage between micro and macro level of social reality. In this research, religiosity and environmental values emphasize cultural necessity of positivism approach, environmental socialization emphasizes on human interaction aspect of social construction approach, and experience of connection with nature highlights sense of belonging toward nature through place experience. This research uses sectional survey and questionnaire, in order to examine the question of research. Sample Population size of research calculated based on Cochran formula and selected with Random stratified sampling among all above 18 years old citizens of Tehran. Alphaâs coefficients of variables were confirmed in preliminary test.  Discussion of Results and Conclusions Mean of sense of belonging measure among Tehran residents is in upper medium level. Bivariate relationships of environmental values, experience of connection with nature, environmental socialization and religiosity with dependent variable are confirmed statistically significant, although relationships between socio-economic variables (age, sex, education and place of birth) with dependent variable were not significant. The explanatory model could explain 48 percent of dependent variable's variation among the research sample. Furthermore, Path analysis of Independent variables with dependent variable shows that the experience of connection with nature with 0.617 percent and environmental values with 0.346 percent respectively have highest effects on dependent variable. As most researches, this one also shows emotional aspect of attitudes toward nature in parallel with cognitive aspect is strongly under the influence of social factors. However some researchers believe place of birth can determine types of emotions, but in this research it did not reaffirmed because the experience of connection with nature has more reliable notion for us. Insignificant relationships about education and socio-economic index with dependent variable present dysfunctional role of educational systems and class relations in internalizing pro-environment emotions. Examining relationships between aspects of religiosity and dependent variable show the sense of belonging toward nature is mainly under the influence of ethical aspect, because function of ethical aspect of religion is partly in relation with objective issues such as environmental one. About dependent variable which has an ethical aspect, answering pattern could have inclined toward pretense to depict an ideal self-image.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: عبدالحسین کلانتری,مسعود کیانپور,وحید مزیدی شرف آبادی,مجتبی لشگری
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: سلامت اجتماعی,دانشجویان,شبکه فیسبوک
- چکیده: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه بین استفاده از شبکه اجتماعی فیسبوک و سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان مشغول به تحصیل در سال تحصیلی 92-1391 است که از میان آنها با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای تصادفی تعداد 300 نفر بهعنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته که دارای سؤالهایی مربوط به متغیرهای پژوهش است و روایی و پایایی آن تأیید شد. نتایج بهدست آمده نشان داد که بین استفاده از شبکه اجتماعی فیسبوک و سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان رابطه معنادار معکوس وجود دارد. همچنین از بین زیر مقیاسهای سلامت اجتماعی، زیر مقیاسهای انسجام اجتماعی – پذیرش اجتماعی- انطباق اجتماعی و شکوفایی اجتماعی رابطه منفی معناداری با استفاده از شبکه اجتماعی فیسبوک داشتند و تنها زیر مقیاس مشارکت اجتماعی رابطه مثبت معناداری با استفاده از شبکه فیسبوک داشته است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:social networks have been established around the world to communicate between individuals But as the most popular social network, Facebook network in most countries welcome the public, especially the younger generation is facing and now one of the most showbiz world sites that many people in different walks of life and has attracted Facebook users join the network through activities such as sharing music, Thoughts  Film, play, announcing the public to communicate with each other to form groups various messages. Social networks can be used and influence in various fields of cultural, personal, social, and mental .One of the areas with the presence of virtual social networks is to change, is social wellbeing especially in members of the younger generation. Students are among the largest range of audiences and activist networks are Facebook. they familiar with cyber space in university because of the possibilities for using the Internet And this space, cognitive orientation, emotional, cultural and practical that overshadowed them That consequence of the impact on all aspects of life, including social wellbeing of individuals, so The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between use of Facebook social networks and Social wellbeing among students in Isfahan University.Materials &Method:The research method was survey or descriptive. The population of all the students was studying in the academic year 1391- 1392 that 300 students of which selected with Random cluster sampling method as sample size. The sample selected of humanities - Engineering and Basic Sciences departments. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire that was made by researchers to relationships social wellbeing and usage of social network Facebook, which included three parts: demographic information (age, gender, profession, and education), social networking and social wellbeing. Questions of social wellbeing according to the Keynesian approach as a model for defining and providing indicators of social health in five dimensions of social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation, social adaptation and social progress was made.Questions the usage of social networks such as internet speed, internet access and the skills to use the Internet was built five degree range. To valid questionnaires were administered on a sample of 30 individuals other than members of the group by using the software Spss19 overall Cranach's alpha of 85%.Discussion of result &Conclusion:Descriptive analysis of the data showed that the largest age group of Facebook user was 18 -23 with %82. In terms of gender, in this study, more female students with 69% than male students were using the Facebook network. Also undergraduate students with %67 compared to the master and PhD used the Facebook network. The highest use of the network between 2 to 3 hours a day.  Average student use of social network Facebook is 4/91 to score higher in this network gives students and it shows the popularity of the network with students. Users of social wellbeing were 91/60, which represents the average score on the community's social wellbeing. Among Subscales of social wellbeing, social acceptance scale with the highest average score of 20/15 and social adjustment scale showed the lowest average 17/74. There was an inverse relation between the use of social network Facebook and Social wellbeing of students But this is in reverse order means that with the increasing use of social networks Facebook social wellbeing of users decreases .Also among the subscales of Social wellbeing, Social cohesion, Social acceptance ,Social conformity and Social prosperity subscales had significant negative relationship with social network Facebook  and only Social partnership Subscales has significant positive relationship with Facebook network And the use of social network Facebook relationship with the participation of the user community and was associated with increased use of social network participation rate increases. This result can be interpreted that by increasing the use of individual Facebook network groups and members familiar with several different classifications and trying to accustom them according to your interests and this subject was Extensive communication to establish yourself and this increased social participation in activities and programs for groups of users, and many more participate. Today virtual network environment different from the traditional interaction between people is established that this effect is undeniably left social relations, Therefore, regardless of the requirements such as gender, class, ethnicity, race and place and connect with each other based on their new identities show, so In this space coherence, compliance, social acceptance, and the users decrease the amount of time your alienation and the society in which it is a member feels. Also in cyberspace more people are trying to follow other members of a virtual community comply with the models and criteria so, The development of social and individual creativity are reduced over time to those without creativity and become a follower of the values and interests of others. Despite significant relationship in this study between social networks and social wellbeing of students has proven to be highly suggested various institutions was thinking about the culture and proper use of social networks such as Facebook among young people.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: نگین برات دستجردی,هدایت الله داورپناه,معصومه اسماعیلی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: خودکارآمدی تحصیلی,حمایت اجتماعی,انگیزه تحصیلی
- چکیده: هدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین حمایت اجتماعی و انگیزه تحصیلی با خودکارآمدی تحصیلی است. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه مورد بررسی شامل کلیه دانشآموزان دختر و پسر مدارس دبیرستانهای شهر تبریز و شهرستان آذرشهر در سال تحصیلی 91-90 است که تعداد کل آن ها 37347 است. حجم نمونه آماری بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان (1970) و به روش خوشهای تصادفی تعداد 278 نفر انتخاب شد و پرسشنامه خودکارآمدی متیوس جروسلم و رالف شوارزر (1981) و پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی واکس، فیلیپس، هالی، تامسپون، یلیامز و استوارت (1986) و پرسشنامه انگیزه تحصیلی قلیپور و بهرامی حصاری (1373) را تکمیل کردند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آمارههای توصیفی و آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون و t-test استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بین متغیرهای حمایت اجتماعی و انگیزه تحصیلی با خودکارآمدی به ترتیب 38/0 و 30/0 رابطه معنادار وجود دارد و همچنین بین متغیرهای ملاک با متغیر پیشبین همبستگی معنادار و مثبتی در سطح 05/0≥P مشاهده شد و نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای پیشبین حمایت اجتماعی و انگیزه تحصیلی با مقدار ضریب رگرسیون 20/0 و ضریب رگرسیون استاندارد 45/0 به صورت معنادار میتوانند خودکارآمدی تحصیلی را پیشبینی کنند. حمایت اجتماعی با مقدار آماره بتا 30/0 از سهم بیشتری برای پیشبینی خودکارآمدی برخوردار است. نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که دیدگاه دانشآموزان دختر و پسر فقط در متغیر حمایت اجتماعی (56/2- =t , 01/0p=) تفاوت معناداری با هم دارند. نتایج گویای این بود که حمایت اجتماعی و انگیزه تحصیلی به صورت معنادار، خودکارآمدی تحصیلی را پیشبینی میکنند و دانشآموزان دختر و پسر در متغیر انگیزه تحصیلی و خودکارآمدی تحصیلی تفاوت معنادری ندارند اما از لحاظ حمایت اجتماعی تفاوت معناداری بین دو جنس مشاهده شد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionThe main objective of the training, is the academic self- efficacy of the student as the next generation of society that their growth requires social support and academic motivation. students social support and motivation will cause social and universal development.Self-efficacy is one of the most important elements of success and consistency in the field of positive psychology falls(Snyder&Lopez, 2002). self- efficacy is the student belief in his ability to Achieve goals in a specific academic field and perform a task successfully (Zimmerman, 2006, Schunk, 2008 and Dorman, 2010). These beliefs will influence of  student thinking, feeling, motivation and behavior.  A strong sense of self- efficacy improve positive personal views, participate in activities, set goals and work commitment(Strobel et all, 2011).Social support can be through providing the ground of activity, gain positive experience, sense of worth and stability in the social life will be a success(Karademas, 2006). Along with the social support, academic motivation also influence on educational activities, and helps students achieve academic goals(Alaii kharaem et all, 2012). This study sought to examine the relationship between social support, academic motivation with academic self-efficacy to improve students educational and social achievements.     Methods& Materials This research method was descriptive correlation. The study population included male and female students in all highschools in Tabriz and Azarshahr City is 90-91 on the year that their total number is 37347. Sample size based on Table Krejcie & Morgan (1970)and 278 subjects were selected by random cluster. Questionnaire was used be academic self-efficacy from Ralph Matthews Shvarzr Jerusalem (1981) and the Social Support Questionnaire Vaux, Phillips, Holley, Thompson, Williams & Stewart (1986) and academic motivation questionnaire Gholipoor fence and Bahrami(1994). According to experts, the questionnaire content validity and reliability with internal consistency estimate (Cronbach's alpha) for the self-efficacy questionnaire, 83/0 and the Social Support Questionnaire 84/0 and a motivation questionnaire, 0/93, respectively. For data analysis,descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, regression, t-testwas used. Discussion of results and conclusionThe results showed that there is a significant relationship between social support and academic motivation with academic self-efficacy respectively, 0/38, 0/30. Regression analysis results showed that social support and academic motivation can predict academic self-efficacy(regression coefficient 0/20 and standard regression coefficient 0/450. The results showed that social support and academic motivation affects the academic self- efficacy. These findings are consistent with studies Solberg & Torres (2001) and Bandura's theory. Social support through punishment and reward the activities, can be impact on academic self-efficacy. Feedback and confidence that others provide individual academic ability can enhance a person's self-efficacy. The results showed a significant and positive correlation between academic motivation and academic self-efficacy and the academic motivation could predict 0/26 percent of variance academic self- efficacy. Many researchers believe that self-efficacy and academic achievement are related. According to research conducted by the Kabiri (2003) and Green et all (2004), self-efficacy can have an important role In predicting academic performance at different levels. Usher & Pajares (2006) also concluded that self- efficacy belifes has a full role in academic efficacy, learning and academic achievement.self-efficacy is the student belief about his ability to perform a variety of academic tasks. Students with high academic self- efficacycan do their academic tasks better than students with lower academic self-efficacy. The high level of academic self-efficacy, resulting in earn higher grades and are trying to do homework. Family, friends, and peers can affect a student academic self- efficacy because these groups supports, can lead students to certain about its capabilities.The findings showed that there is no significant difference in terms of academic self-efficacy between male and female students but this difference in the case of academic motivation was significant.In summing up the results of the study can say that, social support and academic motivation are the factors that influencing the increase or decrease in academic self-efficacy. These factors can lead to trust, high motivation, self-efficacy and effort and the success of the student to be followed.Â
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: پیمان یارمحمدزاده,زهرا فیضاللهی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: قطبیت,هنجار صداقت,موقعیتمندی,وفاق هنجاری,راستگویی,ساختار هنجار,پیمایش عاملی
- چکیده: یکی از عرصههای مهم کنش که مسأله عمده آن، بیصداقتی و عدم توافق بر سر هنجار صداقت است، عرصه ارتباط شهروندان با دولت در ارائه اطلاعات درآمدی است. هدف نوشتار حاضر، برآورد میزان وفاق هنجاری صداقت با دولت در مشهد و شناسایی ساختار این توافق با دو مؤلفه موقعیتمندی و قطبیت است. نتایج پیمایش عاملی در نمونهای تصادفی به تعداد 160 نفر از ساکنان مناطق مختلف شهر مشهد نشان میدهد که ساختار هنجار صداقت با دولت دارای قطبیت مثبت است و اکثریت پاسخگویان (65%) هنجار صداقت با دولت را به طور قوی یا ضعیف پذیرفتهاند. در حالی که قطبیت منفی در این ساختار بسیار ضعیف است و تنها 5% پاسخگویان در موضع بیصداقتی کامل با دولت قرار گرفتهاند. همچنین در ساختار هنجار صداقت با دولت، نوعی حالت دو قطبی دیده میشود. ساختار هنجار صداقت با دولت تقریباً به طور کامل، مشروط و موقعیتمند است و در آن وقفه هنجاری وجود ندارد در نهایت در بین چهار وضعیت دوگانهای که پایبندی به هنجار صداقت با دولت را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهند (مجازات، افشا، منفعت و همنوایی)، تأثیر مجازات (جریمه شدن) بیش از سایر خصوصیات وضعیتی است.کلیدواژهها:
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionSocial order is considered as one of the first concerns of early sociologists and most of classic and modern sociologists have written about. According some works, social order and predictability in members of the society's interaction is based on common styles of thinking, feeling and behavior. These common styles are known as social norms. Norms like values are important elements of culture. Norms and values are transmitted through socialization and internalization. One of the most important norms is honesty. Honesty is the essential norm in the field of culture and endurance of cultural system of the society extremely depends on the honesty norm.In many social settings dishonesty is problematic. One of the critical fields of social action is the field of citizens and state interaction in income information submission which dishonesty is its main problem. Citizens' honesty with the government is very important especially when the government needs some information for policy making and management purposes and equitable resource distribution. It is more crucial when there is not any integrated information system or it has low quality. In this condition, gathering some data related to needs, shortcomings or accumulation of resources in some fields requires accurate information provided and submitted by citizens. If the necessary information is related to economic activities of citizens for economic policy making, then honesty is more problematic. This paper aims to estimate the amount of normative consensus in honesty with state in income information submission and its norm structure in conditionality and polarity.Material & MethodA Factorial survey design was conducted. This kind of survey is based on merging an experimental design and survey method. According to Rossi and Andersen (1982) factorial survey considers complexity of real world and conditions of real choices and people's real judgments. Factorial survey uses vignettes which are some descriptions of situations with different characteristics as variables. Some scholars believe that factorial survey reduces the probability of distortion in answers or providing an idealized version of values by subjects. So, factorial survey reduces the bias in survey research. Statistical population included all 18 years old and up living in 13 urban districts of Mashhad. A sample including 160 residents of Mashhad were selected through multistage sampling (stratified and systematic sampling).  After conducting factorial survey, we used Rossi and Berk (1985) to analyze data. In the next step norm structure of honesty was described.Discussion of Results & ConclusionsResults indicated that (1) the norm structure of honesty with state has positive polarity and most of respondents (65%) have accepted the norm weakly or strongly. However, the negative consensus is very weak and merely 5% of respondents are dishonest with state. There is a polarity in the norm structure and about 30% of respondents are sometimes honest and sometimes dishonest. (2) The norm structure is almost completely conditional and 99.4% of respondents act conditionally. (3) In the norm structure there is not any lack of norm. There is no respondent in the sample wandering around the bounds of honesty and dishonesty. (4) Among four dual positions affecting adherence to the norm (punishment, disclosure, interest, conformity), the first one (punishment) more than other factors affects respondents' norm adherence. Conditionality of honesty with state among majority of respondents in one hand, and salience of punishment impact on being honest with sate in other hand, implies that honesty with state is more derived from a socio-political restriction, than from a stable moral source or belief. So, it's expected that the structure of honesty norm with state has a fragile and unstable nature.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: علی یوسفی,ندا رضوی زاده
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: زنان,خانواده,کوهدشت,نوسازی,شاخص شکاف,الگوهای همسرگزینی
- چکیده: در طول چند دهه گذشته نوسازی اثرات غیر قابل انکاری بر رخساره زندگی اجتماعی انسان از جمله خانواده و ازدواج گذاشته است. با توجه به ماهیت متفاوت اجتماعات انسانی، انتظار نمیرود که تغییرات در همه جوامع به طرز یکسانی ظاهر شده باشد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی و تبیین شکاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان در خصوص الگوی همسرگزینی در بستر اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهر کوهدشت است. ساکنان این منطقه از نظر ترکیب قومی و فرهنگی لُر و لَک هستند. فقر مطالعات در زمینه الگوهای همسرگزینی در میان زنان این گروه قومی ضرورت این مطالعه را اجتنابناپذیر میسازد. دادهها حاصل پیمایشی است که در فروردین 1392 بر نمونهای بالغ بر 395 زن دستکم یکبار ازدواج کرده ساکن در خانوارهای معمولی شهر کوهدشت انجام شد. روش نمونهگیری ترکیبی از روشهای خوشهای چند مرحلهای، تصادفی و تصادفی سیستماتیک است. نتایج نشان میدهد که نگرش بیش از نیمی از زنان، متفاوت از تجربه آنها در خصوص انتخاب همسر است. بر پایه این بررسی، پایگاه اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی زنان، وضعیت اشتغال، سن ازدواج، پایبندی به ارزشهای خانواده بزرگ و استقلال زنان، بیشترین تأثیر را در تبیین شکاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان نسبت به الگوی انتخاب همسر دارند. نتایج بیانگر این واقعیت است که ترکیبی از مشخصههای اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی، جمعیتی و عوامل و زمینههای قومی ـ فرهنگی تبیین بهتری از شکاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان نسبت به الگوهای همسرگزینی به دست میدهد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: INTRODUCTION: One of the main challenges of societies in transition is the challenge between tradition and modernity especially in the area of family. Modernization through increasing individual awareness and knowledge, led to changes in societies value and normative systems. These changes are also evident in values and attitudes related to family, marriage and the way of mate selection. During the last few decades, modernization has undeniable impacts on human social life, including marriage and family. Due to different nature of human societies, it is not expected that changes in all societies appeared in the same way. The study of women's behavior and attitudes in the fields related to marriage can help to more deeply understanding and predicting the changes in their behavior and attitudes and projection the probabilistic mate selection patterns in the future. Iran is a multi-ethnic society. Ethnic groups are one of the appropriate contexts to study demographic and socio-cultural changes at the society. The aim of this paper is to study and explain the gap in women's behavior and attitude toward patterns of mate selection in social-economic and cultural context of Kouhdasht. Residents of this region ethnically and culturally are belongs to Lor and Lak ethnic groups. Poverty of studies about marriage patterns among women of these ethnic groups necessitates this study inevitable.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of this research have been taken from a survey conducted on a sample of 395 ever married women living in ordinary households in the city of Kouhdasht in April 2013. The sampling frame of the survey is a combination of sampling techniques including multi-stage cluster, systematic random sampling method. The independent variables included women's socioeconomic status, age at the time of survey, place of birth, religious values, women's autonomy, individualism, attitudes toward gender equity, and Metaphysical attitudes to marriage. The dependent variable is the gap in behavior and attitude of women toward mate selection. This variable was measured as a dichotomous variable. In order to determine the effect of each independent variable, the logistic regression model was used.       DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results show that the attitude of more than half of women is different than their experience regarding mate selection. Slightly more than 56 percent of women are those who appropriate another way for mate selection by their daughter rather than ones they had experienced. The direction of the gap index shows that the pattern of mate selection has been changed toward participatory and individual selection respectively. Findings indicate that the under scrutiny population have not experienced the deepest layers of modernization and women believes that family should continue to play a role for mate selection along with individuals. Results of multivariate analysis show that socio-economic status of women was significantly associated with probability of the gaps in the behavior and attitude of women toward mate selection. That is with increasing of socio-economic status of women, the odds of having gap between behavior and attitude of women rises. Moreover, the probability of having the gap between behavior and attitude of employed women toward mate selection was 25 times bigger than for unemployed counterparts. Controlling for the cultural characteristics indicates that among cultural variables, commitment to big family values and women's autonomy was significant and respectively increase and decrease the likelihood of having the gap between women's behavior and attitudes toward mate selection. According to this study, socio-economic status of women, employment status, age at marriage, commitment to big family values, and women's autonomy has greatest impact in explaining the gap in women's behavior and attitude toward mate selection. The results indicate that the combination of socio-economic and demographic characteristics and ethnic-cultural backgrounds gives better explanation of the gape in women's behavior and attitudes toward mate selection patterns. Based on the results it can be said that modernization forces in interaction with social structures and ethnic-cultural factors have different effects on marriage patterns at different socio-cultural contexts
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: حاتم حسینی,مریم گراوند
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: بینظمی اجتماعی,هنجارهای اجتماعی,نگرش زیست محیطی,گردشگران,زباله پراکنی
- چکیده: نظم اجتماعی در هر جامعه اهمیت بالایی دارد. اخلال در نظم اجتماعی هزینههای زیادی برای جامعه در پی خواهد داشت. زباله پراکنی مصداقی از بینظمی اجتماعی شهروندان، در حوزه شهروندی زیست محیطی است که در جامعه ما به مسألهای اجتماعی تبدیل شده است. هدف تحقیق حاضر تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر بینظمی اجتماعی با تأکید بر زباله پراکنی است. در این تحقیق از رویکرد تلفیقی پاول استرن برای تحلیل زباله پراکنی استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی و ابزار جمعآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه گردشگران داخلی است که در تابستان 1393 وارد استان مازندران شدهاند. حجم نمونه آماری بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 385 نفر برآورد شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که رفتار زباله پراکنی با متغیرهایی چون نگرش زیست محیطی ضعیف، کنترل اجتماعی، ارزیابی منفی نسبت به زباله پراکنی، عدم احساس مسؤولیت، احساس منفی نسبت به زباله، زباله پراکنی توسط دیگران، عادت، گمنامی، فقدان خدمات و عدم آگاهی زیست محیطی رابطه معناداری دارد. همچنین با توجه به مدل مسیر ارائه شده، همه این متغیرها 36 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (رفتار زباله پراکنی) را تبیین کردهاند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: IntroductionSocial order include the high importance in every society. The Disturbing in the social order will contain a lot of costs for society. Littering is an example of citizensâ social disorder in field of environmental citizenship that is transformed as social problem in our society. The purpose of this research is Analysis of effective factors on social disorder (with emphasis on littering).in this research has used Paul stern synthesis approach for analyzing the littering.What is littering?Whilst there is no official definition of litter, the broadly accepted definition of litter (as used by ENCAMS and Keep Britain Tidy) is âwaste in the wrong place caused by human agencyâ. This means that littering behaviors are more complex than might be expected; in addition to simply âdroppingâ litter, it includes other sub-behaviors such as folding Rapid Evidence Review of Littering Behavior and Anti-Litter Policies litter up and tucking it into small spaces, placing litter down carefully in a chosen location, and leaving litter nearby for a length of time before abandoning itWith regarding to importance of social order in ever society, we try to explain effective causes on social disorder with emphasis on littering as one example of social problem in field of environment citizenship.Materials and MethodsThe method of the research is survey and data is collected from 385 tourists of Mazandaran province by questionnaires with multi-stage cluster sampling. After gathering information, Research hypotheses were analyzed by using SPSS and Amos packages. We used Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM) for testing our hypothesis and model.Dependent variable in the research is littering and independent variables include: weak environmental attitudes, social control, lack of responsibility, negative sense on litter, littering by others, the habit, and anonymity, Absence of services and lack of environmental information. Discussion and ResultsThis study has shown that tourists littering scale is average level to upward. The data in this study were collected between 385 tourists of Mazandaran province. The data present that % 50/4 respondents are female and %49/6 male and the average age is 30 years. It was determined on the basis of data obtained from independent variables; about 70 percent of respondents have Weak social norms in the littering context. Responsible feel is for half of the respondents in the average. Over 35% of respondents are habit to littering. More than half the respondents, 74% agree with the loss of services.  The results of the pearsonian correlation show that there is significant relation between weak environmental attitudes, social control, lack of responsibility, negative sense on litter, littering by others, the habit, anonymity, Absence of services and lack of environmental information with littering. Also on the path model, all of the variables in the research can explain 36 percent from variances in dependent variable (littering).ConclusionsLittering is one of the important problems in our society.it has imposed much costs to society. A key to the success of any litter prevention activity is to clean up and remove existing litter. Reducing the amount of existing litter in a location is a surefire way to reduce the rate of littering behavior.so it is necessary that change attitude of people toward environment and increase knowledge about pollution risks. One way to promote individual-level motivations is through outreach and media messages.With regarding the results of the research, littering was based on the tow type of factors: individual and structural factors. So, we should notice to this tow levels in planning on field of environmental citizenship specially littering.in the individual level, we should change social norms toward pro-environment values in society. Citizen should like the nature and behave with it as a capital. And in the structural level, state and correspondent organization should make and improve possibilities in management of litter and waste.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: علی اصغر فیروزجائیان,فاطمه غلامرضا زاده
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: جامعه شناسی کاربردی
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: کرمانشاه,کاربرد رسانهای,موقعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی,سبک زندگی سلامت محور,احساس نیاز به راهنمایی
- چکیده: امروزه بیماریهای عفونی و مسری جای خود را به بیماریهای مزمن و غیرواگیر دادهاند. بنابراین به رهیافتی نو در حوزه سلامت نیاز است تا فرد از این بیماریها در امان ماند. این رهیافت، اتخاذ سبک زندگی سالمی است که از یک سو بر مسؤول بودن فرد تأکید میکند و از سوی دیگر، نیاز به کسب دانش کافی در حوزۀ سلامت را خاطر نشان میکند. وسایل ارتباط جمعی به عنوان یکی از منابع اصلی کسب اطلاع، میتوانند دانش مرتبط با سبک زندگی سلامت محور را در بین مخاطبان ارتقا دهند. این پژوهش، با آزمون رگرسیون چند متغیر و سپس تحلیل مسیر مدل تحقیق، نقش رسانهها را با حضور سه متغیر کاربرد رسانهای، احساس نیاز به راهنمایی و موقعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی، در برجستهسازی سبک زندگی سلامت محور مطالعه کرده است. روش تحقیق در این بررسی کمّی و در قالب پیمایش و پرسشنامۀ تحقیق تکمیل شده است. سنجش اعتبار پرسشنامه به دو روش سازهای و صوری و سنجش پایایی به روشهای آلفای کرونباخ و آزمون- آزمون مجدد صورت گرفته است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق، افراد 40 سال به بالای شهر کرمانشاه است. روش نمونهگیری تحقیق، نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای و حجم نمونه 400 نفر است. براساس نتایج پژوهش، رسانهها با برجستهسازی سبک زندگی سلامت محور، دانش مخاطبان را در این زمینه ارتقا میدهند. البته تأثیر رسانههای چاپی بیش از رسانههای الکترونیک است و وقوع برجسته سازی نیز در بین مخاطبان، از جهت حس نیاز به راهنمایی متفاوت است. همچنین برخورداری از موقعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی بالاتر، هم حس نیاز به راهنمایی بیشتر را در بین مخاطبان برمیانگیزد و هم میزان کاربرد رسانه را افزایش میدهد. حاصل چنین اختلافی، تفاوت در برخورداری از دانش مرتبط با سبک زندگی سلامت محور است .
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: We can study the history of research about diseases with emphasis on various parameters. One factor is verities or types of diseases and another factor is social conditions and contex, social situation and social actors (such as mass media ,family, and â¦). Nowadays, along with progress in human society, non-communicable diseases have become more common. So that, according to the World Health Organization, sixty percent causes of death are non-communicable diseases. With development the diseases discourse, we need to revise the fact of health and factors that affected on that. Now, for example, social conditions are important index for research about diseases. Then, following the "Health Transition" in the world, we need a new approach for study and research about health. This approach is adopting a healthy lifestyle and emphasizes the responsibility of individuals in this respect. Also, that approach concentered on acquiring knowledge in the field of health. The mass media is a primary source of information for knowledge related to healthy lifestyle and its roles among audiences is important for analysis the subject. On the base of this approach, researchers should attend to some factors that increase or decrease the levels and death of people's knowledge. With development of people's knowledge, we can analysis the development of peoples 'actions, especially in the field of health. The concept of "Health-based lifestyle" or "healthy lifestyle" helps to understand the differences among the peoples in the field of everyday life and describes the effects of mass media, in the determination of that .also, socio-economic situation of people, effects on their knowledge .Material & Methods: This research uses the Multiple Regression and Path Analysis. We study the role of mass media on agenda-setting the knowledge related to healthy lifestyle. In this respect, are presented three variables: Media Application, need of Orientation and Socio-economic Status. The research method is survey study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a population of 400 media's users in Kermanshah city, the people who are over 40 years old. Validity is measured by method of Face validity. Also, the reliability of the study was assessed by the Cronbach's alpha and Test-retest methods. In first section of paper ; we describe and examine the theoretical framework of study. For example, we explain the agenda-setting theory and knowledge gap theory. With uses from this base, we analyses the problem and design a instrument for understanding the conditions. In the last section of paper, we use from theoretical framework for understanding and interpreting of data and ends .Discussion of Results & Conclusions: Based on the results, the mass media has important role in the actions of users in the field of health . Type and amount of their use is affected on user's knowledge and their actions and lifestyle. Change in With the agenda-setting the knowledge related to healthy lifestyle enhances the audience's knowledge in this field. Of course, agenda-setting the knowledge related to healthy lifestyle varies and depending on the need for orientation in terms of health related behaviors. Also, peoples with higher socio-economic status, have higher levels of media using. Also in this condition, the audienceâs need for orientation raise. Then, differences in these variables cause the uneven levels of the knowledge related to healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, need for orientation has observable role in the life style of users of mass media, because of the amount of using these devices. With attention to these variables, it is clear that understanding the health and agenda-setting the knowledge related to healthy lifestyle is a complex process. Peoples have various need for orientations in this respect and different factors affected on their knowledge, orientations and actions .
- انتشار مقاله: 23-08-1395
- نویسندگان: جواد افشار کهن,برومند شرفی
- مشاهده