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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Evidence Based Care Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: anxiety,Hospitalization,Child,teacher
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric disorders that affect both children and adolescents. There is no doubt that in order for children to feel active, the need for education during their hospitalization period and convalescence exists.
Aim: To determine the effect of presence of the teacher on anxiety of hospitalized children
Methods: This study was a clinical trial that was conducted on 50 children admitted to pediatric ward of Imam Reza hospital and the children were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, teachers were present at children’s bedside for daily education and practices. The data collection tool was a child’s anxiety assessment form, which was completed at the admission and discharge by interviewing the children. Data were analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients, using SPSS software version 11.5.
Results: 32 patients in the study group and 31 in control group were girls; 18 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group were studying in third grade. Prior to the study, anxiety scores between the two groups were not significantly different. Basis on the results of the paired T-test, the anxiety scores of the study group before the intervention (44.86 ± 3.44) and after that (41.25 ± 2.29) were significantly different. The independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean anxiety score in the study group (p <0.004) and control (p = 0.53) after the intervention.
Conclusion: the presence of a teacher can be beneficial for decreasing the anxiety levels of hospitalized children and the problems that can occur under the influence of anxiety.- انتشار مقاله: 02-09-1392
- نویسندگان: Tayebe Reyhani,Tayebe Pourghaznain,Zahra Mousavi,Samaneh Ghorbani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nanomedicine Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: oxidative stress,Hepatoprotection,Bile duct ligation,Berberin,Nanoberberin
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective (s): The anti-fibrotic effect of chronic berberine (BBR) had demonstrated previously in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL). The aim of present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effect of BBR nanomicelles on liver cirrhosis induced by BDL in male rats.
Materials and methods: After 21 days of drugs’ treatments, the serum and tissue levels of hepatic markers were measured and pathologic evaluations performed.
Results: BDL could markedly increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), LDH, and total bilirubin (TBIL) serum levels and tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level along with reductions in tissue levels of key antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as total protein. On the other hand, silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.), BBR (100 mg/kg) and BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, p.o.) markedly decreased AST and ALT while enhanced GSH. In addition, BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, p.o.), silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and BBR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) groups showed a considerable increase in SOD. BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, po.) significantly lowered TNF-α. In addition, nanoBBR treatment prevented liver cirrhosis in histopathologic analysis.
Conclusion: Formulation of BBR may represent a worthy approach to enhance the effect of it in liver injuries.- انتشار مقاله: 04-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Seyed Pouyan Pishva,Eyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi,Zahra Mousavi,Mahmoud Reza Jaafari,Ahmad Reza Dehpour,Seyed Mahdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: essential oil,Rat,Mice,Anti-inflammatory activity,Cymbopogon schoenanthus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and objectives: The species of Cymbopogon are generally used as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, and anti-spasmodic agents, as well as in cold treatment.Due to the presence of piperitone in Cymbopogon schoenanthus, we were prompted to evaluate were prompted to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of its essential Oil. Methods: The analgesic activity of C. schoenanthus (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) were examined using writhing, hot-plate, and formalin tests. The control and standard groups respectively received vehicle, morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory effect of C. schoenanthus (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was then assessed by carrageenan method at time intervals of 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Results: Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil was analyzed by GC-MASS and 31 constituents were identified which represented 86.8% of the oil. The major component of the essential oil was piperitone (62.0%). The administrated doses of C. schoenanthus essential oil could not decrease the number of writhes and hot-plate latency in the mice, compared to the control group. However, it exhibited an analgesic effect, especially in the chronic phase of formalin test. In carrageenan test, all administrated doses of C. schoenanthus essential oil significantly reduced the paw edema, compared to the control (p<0.05). The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was comparable with that of mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg). Conclusion: The results suggest that C. schoenanthus essential oil possesses biologically active constituents that have significant activity against acute inflammation.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-01-1398
- نویسندگان: Mahshid Golestaneh Talaei,Zahra Mousavi*,Maryam Jahandideh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: essential oil,Ulcerative colitis,Myeloperoxidase,Pelargonium graveolens
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and objectives: Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. is an essential oil bearing plant used in traditional medicine of Iran for the treatment of inflammatory disease and pain, anxiety, sadness and also for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms. Its pharmaceutical product is presently used in Iran for the treatment of depression disorders. Since colitis is a brain-gut interactive disorder, the authors were prompted to investigate the preventive effect of P. graveolens essential oil product (Deproherb®) to control the induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. Methods: Experimentally ulcerative colitis was induced by acetic acid in animals pretreated with three different doses of Deproherb® (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for five consecutive days. Anti-inflammatory effects of Deproherb® were compared with orally administrated sulfasalazine (4 mg/kg). Biochemical [Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity] and macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the colon was performed. Deproherb® was also analyzed by GC and GC/MS in order to identify the potentially responsible compounds for observed property. Results: The obtained results indicated that the activity of MPO increased in acetic acid-treated groups, while it was recovered by pretreatment with Deproherb® (100-400 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine. All doses of Deproherb® and sulfasalazine-treated groups showed significant lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. It was concluded that Deproherb® inhibited the acetic acid toxic reactions in the rat bowel. Conclusions: The present study proved the anti-inflammatory potential of Deproherb® Oral Drop, in the experimentally induced colitis. Proper clinical investigations are suggested to confirm the observed activities in human.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Marjan Bastani,Zahra Mousavi,Jinous Asgarpanah,Nasim Assar,Parvaneh Najafizadeh*
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Acute,Wistar rats,toxicity test,Arctium lappa L,subchronic
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and objectives: Arctium lappa belonging to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family has been used as a medicinal and nutritional supplement in the world. The fruits, leaves and roots of the plant are well-known for their pharmaceutical effects. Toxicity of the fruit’s extract in female rats was investigated in the present study. Methods: To assess the toxicity profile of Arctium lappa fruit extract (ALFE), it was administered to rats by gavage in acute and repeated models. The animals were divided into two groups: control and test groups. In the acute toxicity model, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg ALFE were administered to the animals. Toxic symptoms, body weight, death and abnormal behaviors were observed for 14 days. In the repeated toxicity model, ALFE (300 mg/kg) was daily administered for 4 weeks. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed and compared with the control group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analyses of variance, followed by the Tukey test using GraphPad Prism 6. Results: No mortality was noticed in the acute test; therefore, the oral LD50 value determined in the female rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated test, the animals received ALFE (300 mg/kg) and no mortality was observed. The hematology and serum chemistry parameters showed no statistically significant changes. The histopathological studies revealed evidences of microscopic lesions in two main organs lungs and small intestine. Conclusion: The results indicated that the oral acute toxicity of ALFE in the rats was of a low order with LD50 being more than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, they revealed slight tissue damage to several organs when sub-chronically administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg.
- انتشار مقاله: 05-03-1397
- نویسندگان: Maedeh Yaghoubi,Zahra Mousavi*,Tayebeh Rastegar,Gholamreza Amin
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Anti-inflammatory,Carrageenan,Dorema ammoniacum gum,Draize test
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and objectives: Dorema ammoniacum gum resin is used in Iranian traditional medicine for different indications including inflammatory diseases which are on the rise. Considering the important role of inflammation in different diseases, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and skin toxicity of Dorema ammoniacum gum extract (DAGE) in rats and rabbits. Methods: The systemic anti-inflammatory effect ofDAGE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.) was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema method in 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the carrageenan injection to thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups of six each. Control and standard groups received the vehicle and mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. To assess the topical anti-inflammatory effect ofthegum, eighteen rats were divided into three groups of six: standard, vehicle, and test groups which received topical diclofenac gel, distilled water and DAGE, respectively. The acute dermal toxicity of DAGEwas evaluated in nine white New Zealand rabbits. Results: The results showed significant anti-inflammatory effects of DAGE in systemic treatment.The findings also indicated that all doses of DAGE were more potent than mefenamic acid. However, the topical anti-inflammatory activity of DAGE (100 mg/kg) was comparable to that of diclofenac gel 2% and showed no skin toxicity. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that DAGE has significant anti-inflammatory effects without any erythema and edema in topical use. These effects might be partially or wholly due to possible inhibition of or interference with the production of some inflammatory mediators, especially prostaglandins, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin.
- انتشار مقاله: 20-02-1397
- نویسندگان: Marziyeh Pandpazir,Amir Kiani,Sajad Fakhri,Zahra Mousavi*
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (JPHS)
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: heavy metals,Cadmium,Cosmetics,lead,toothbrush
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the concentration of lead and cadmium of different toothbrush brands. For this purpose, a total number of 20 toothbrushes from different brands were taken randomly. The concentration of lead and cadmium in the toothbrushes was then specified using Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), model AAS 6200. The samples were prepared based on the technique of acid digestion. According to the results, the average concentration of lead and cadmium in the toothbrushes were 0.13 μg g−1 and 0.02 μg g−1, respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations of lead in the samples were 0.44 μg g−1 and o.o1 μg g−1, respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations of cadmium were 0.15 μg g−1 and 0.01 μg g−1, respectively. In general, the concentration of lead and cadmium in all the toothbrushes was lower than the standard limit of 2002/94 / EC. There was observed a significant relationship between the concentration of lead and cadmium and the color of toothbrushes (P<0.05). The toothbrushes of red color contained the highest concentration of lead while the minimum content was found in the blue-color samples. The highest and lowest cadmium concentrations were found in the while and blue toothbrushes, respectively. Given the fact that even relatively low levels of exposure to heavy metals can lead to serious damage to human health, more comprehensive research is essential in the field of raw materials used in the manufacture of toothbrushes as widely used sanitary products in communities. It is also necessary to measure the concentration of heavy metals in the products in order to ensure the safe levels of harmful materials.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-07-1396
- نویسندگان: Sanaz Pashapour,Zahra Mousavi,Noorolhoda Malakijoo,Nasim Yaghoubian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (JPHS)
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: sport supplements,Food Safety Management System (FSMS),anabolic steroid,FDO,contaminations
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Recently, the use of sport supplements has become so common among most athletes. These supplements may contain undeclared substances that are banned by such international authorities as WHO, IOC and WADA. The present study, thus, is aimed at examining the final sport supplement products in terms of banned substances and measuring the adulteration level in order to prove the safety of these products and promote public health. The Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Services of Iran confirms the safety of these products, monitors their production and import, and also marketing them at authorized places like the pharmacy.
According to the existing regulations in Iran and other countries, the safety of sport supplements and the level of their androgenic-anabolic steroids are monitored and measured by such methods as GC/MS, LC/MS/MS. Beside the well-known side effects of anabolic steroids, new problems have emerged from using sport supplements distributed in the black market which may contain banned substances not declared on the label. These effects will cause harmful and dangerous changes in levels steroids and heart’s structure. Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances may also be caused by anabolic steroids. Due to the increasing use of sport supplements in order to achieve an effective training, the presence of adulterated, illegal and unsafe products continue to be a concern for many consumers and professional athletes alike. Since using sport supplements have become perilous, a credibility gap seems to exist between the athletes and medical communities who, it is believed can be overcome by efficient supervision and monitoring of the products.- انتشار مقاله: 24-07-1396
- نویسندگان: Sanaz Pashapour,Zahra Mousavi,Shahram Shoeibi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (JPHS)
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Reproductive,Fertility index ,Spermatozoa,phytoestrogen,Vitex
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Phytoestrogens are some plant compounds with estrogenic biological effects which are found in many nutritional sources as soybean, flaxseed, and sesame. Vitex agnus-castus, also called Vitex, owns phytoestrogen properties. Studies have shown that phytoestrogens have different impacts on the gestation process and reproduction indices. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Vitex extract on the gestation indices in the male rat as well as studying its histological properties in the rat testicles. Materials and Methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract of Vitex (in three doses of 165, 265 and 365 mg/kg), vehicle (normal saline) and the hydro-alcoholic powder of soybean (120 mg/kg) were respectively given to understudy, vehicle and positive control groups for 49 days. After weighing the rats in the 1st and 49th days, the blood samples of all groups were taken and tested for estradiol levels, testosterones, FSH and LH. Moreover, such reproductive indices as sperm count, sperm motion, and prostate and testicle weight were studied and samples were collected for histological studies. Results: Prescription of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Vitex (in three doses of 165, 265 and 365 mg/kg) did not change the rat’s weight, significantly (P-value= 0.06). Hormonal studies reduced the progesterone, LH, and FSH compared to the vehicle group, significantly (P-value<0.05). In addition, the amount of estradiol was significantly more than the vehicle group and the most effect was observed at a dose of 365 mg/kg (P-value=0.02). Histological studies showed a reduction in existing spermatozoa in the seminiferous ducts. Conclusions: This study had shown that the Vitex extract had inhibiting effects on the gestation indices in male rat and due to its destructive effects on the testicle tissues, more studies were required.
- انتشار مقاله: 19-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Fereshteh Ramezanloo,Parvaneh Najafizadeh,Tahereh Naji,Gholamreza Amin,Zahra Mousavi,Gelareh Vahabzadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Algorithms and Computation
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Strain,GPS Displacement Vectors,Deformation Analysis,Seismic Moment Rate,Geodetic Networks,Geodynamics of Iran
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: A new and significant source of information on earthquake studies has been provided by space geodesy. The data which are gathered by various techniques of space geodesy, can quantify potential of seismic activity in the region of interest. To achieve this goal, the main advantage of extra-terrestrial geodetic data in comparison with the conventional data from geology and seismology is the ability of this data in portraying the present kinematics of the area with faults that are unknown, too slowly slipping, or too deeply buried. Seismic moment rate, that can be calculated based on geological fault data and historical earthquake catalogue, is the amount of accumulation of earthquake potential in a region. Space geodetic data are used in the deformation analysis for quantifying strain rate tensor. The strain tensor is related to the moment rate tensor according to Kostrov formula presented in 1974 for the first time. In 1994, Ward calculated geodetic seismic moment rate by means of eigenvalues of strain rate tensor. The seismic moment rate that are calculated based on these three discipline, namely geodesy, geology and seismology can grant us a comprehensive view of seismic potential of the region. Since 1999 the National Cartographic Center (NCC) of Iran has been established and maintained a high precision geodetic network in the region of Iran. The network has 28 stations on two of the main plates, namely Eurasian and Arabian plates. This is a long term project, with planned re-observations every two years. First epoch of GPS measurements was done in 1999 and the second GPS campaign was carried out in 2001. This paper will focus on this data to derive geodetic seismic moment rates. Our results show that south-east region and central Alborz presents largest values of the seismic moment rates in comparison to other parts of Iran. The moment rates in area unit are 5.7659x1015(N m-1 yr-1) and 2.0147x1015 (Nm-1 yr-1) over the predefined seismic regions of south-east and central Alborz, respectively. The derived magnitudes of the seismic moment rate show the smallest value in north-east region. The determined rate is equal to 1.0832x1015(N m-1 yr-1) in this region.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-02-1392
- نویسندگان: Zahra Mousavi,Behzad Vosoghi
- مشاهده