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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: self-regulation,satisfaction,Demographic factors,Virtual,Help seeking
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Help seeking is one of the meta-cognitive strategies that are used by learners in self-regulated learning. The main purpose of this study was to compare the dimensions of students’ academic help seeking in e-learning courses and on campus courses.Materials and Methods: The research used a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of all virtual and on campus students of Isfahan University in three majors of librarianship, Management and MBA in 1389-1390. 300 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. For gathering data a self-made questionnaire was used. This questionnaire was made according to Verhaselt (2008) inventory. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was found to be 0.94, using alpha coefficient of Cronbach’s.Results: The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the virtual and on campus students in terms of different dimensions of help seeking behaviors (p≥05). There was a significant relationship between help seeking aspects (types, resources, threats, avoidance and cultural beliefs) and students’ academic achievements and their satisfaction. Regarding this, there was a statistically significant difference between the virtual and on campus students.Conclusion: From the results of this study we conclude that the virtual universities and producers of educational media could identify the students’ attitudes toward help seeking behaviors and investigate the reasons for help seeking avoidance. Having recognizing the related issues, we can develop and expand the culture of help giving and help seeking behaviors and decrease a lot of problems learners might face.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Bibi Eshrat Zamani,Yasamin Abedini,Zahra Kiani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Students,Electronic,Supportive,Resources,On Campus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: With exponential increase of virtual courses in higher education, most universities have provided this kind of education for their students. Due to the lack of face to face interaction between professors and students in this type of education, many types of supports including human and non-human resources would be necessary. The main purpose of the present paper was to identify and compare the types of supportive resources from the viewpoints of students attending electronic and on campus courses.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 160 graduated students from Isfahan University, both virtual and non-virtual, were selected, using the stratified random sampling method. The data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire which was based on literature review. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. Its reliability was estimated to be 0.84, using Alpha-Cronbach’s coefficient. The data were analyzed, using frequencies, percentages and the chi-square test.Results: The results indicated that in non-virtual courses, professors were the most important support for students while in virtual courses, students significantly used supports from teachers’ assistants, and professors and students from other universities to meet their needs (P < 0.05).Conclusion: In terms of using non-human resources, especially media for education, there was a significant difference between students in electronic courses and on campus students.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Bibi Eshrat Zamani,Zahra Kiani,Yasamin Abedini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: heavy metals,Sanandaj,Geographical Information System,Urban Roadside Dust,Special Distribution
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Industrial activities and high traffic density are the most important heavy metal pollution sources in urban areas. Roadside dust created by atmospheric deposition can be one of the best indicators for heavy metal contamination levels. The present study reports the spatial distribution patterns and degree of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in 50 roadside dust samples from urban areas of Sanandaj, Iran. For this purpose, sampling points were selected on different roads including primary roads, high roads, and main roads. The geographic coordinates of sampling points were recorded by the Global Positioning System (GPS). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and integrated pollution index (IPI) were used to present the heavy metal contamination levels. The results obtained by the geoaccumulation index suggest that the roadside dust samples were moderately contaminated with Ni and Cr, moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Cd, and heavily to extremely contaminated with As and Zn. The assessment of the data shows that 92% of all roadside dust samples had moderate pollution levels with an IPI of higher than 2, indicating that roadside dust in Sanandaj County has moderately been polluted by anthropogenic emissions. In order to compare the heavy metal concentrations in different parts of Sanandaj County, each heavy metal contamination was interpolated in a geographical information system (GIS). Heavy metal distribution maps showed the different hotspots of each pollutant that indicated high traffic density and industrial centers as the important factors affecting their concentrations in Sanandaj County.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-12-1393
- نویسندگان: Farshid Ghorbani,Jamil Amanollahi,Voria Sijanvandi,Zahra Kiani,Arman Kamangar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: heavy metals,Sanandaj,Geographical Information System,Urban Roadside Dust,Special Distribution
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Industrial activities and high traffic density are the most important heavy metal pollution sources in urban areas. Roadside dust created by atmospheric deposition can be one of the best indicators for heavy metal contamination levels. The present study reports the spatial distribution patterns and degree of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in 50 roadside dust samples from urban areas of Sanandaj, Iran. For this purpose, sampling points were selected on different roads including primary roads, high roads, and main roads. The geographic coordinates of sampling points were recorded by the Global Positioning System (GPS). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and integrated pollution index (IPI) were used to present the heavy metal contamination levels. The results obtained by the geoaccumulation index suggest that the roadside dust samples were moderately contaminated with Ni and Cr, moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Cd, and heavily to extremely contaminated with As and Zn. The assessment of the data shows that 92% of all roadside dust samples had moderate pollution levels with an IPI of higher than 2, indicating that roadside dust in Sanandaj County has moderately been polluted by anthropogenic emissions. In order to compare the heavy metal concentrations in different parts of Sanandaj County, each heavy metal contamination was interpolated in a geographical information system (GIS). Heavy metal distribution maps showed the different hotspots of each pollutant that indicated high traffic density and industrial centers as the important factors affecting their concentrations in Sanandaj County.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-12-1393
- نویسندگان: Farshid Ghorbani,Jamil Amanollahi,Voria Sijanvandi,Zahra Kiani,Arman Kamangar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Meta-Analysis,Perinatal outcome,idiopathic-polyhydramnios,normal ultrasound
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Incidence of polyhydramnios in various studies has been reported from 0.2 to 3.9%. Approximately, 50-60% of cases are idiopathic with no known etiology. We aimed to investigate perinatal outcomes of idiopathic polyhydramnios with a normal ultrasound.
Materials and Methods: In this study, Persian and English databases including Barakatkns, SID, Magiran, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochran, Embase, and ProQuest were searched for articles published from 1950 to August 2018. The search procedure was conducted with keywords related to "idiopathic polyhydramnios", "perinatal outcomes", "normal ultrasound", and their equivalents in "Mesh" and PICO. In meta-analysis, first we quantified heterogeneity by using I2 statistics and tested using the Cochran’s Q test. Even when a low heterogeneity was detected, a fixed-effects model was applied, and for more than 75% of heterogeneity, random-effects model was used. The Forest Plot chart was drawn up and the relative risk (RR) estimate for each study (ES), the pooled estimate of "RR" by combining all the studies and its 95% CI, and the P-value associated with it, were indicated.
Results: In this study, 13 articles involving 325,426 pregnant women were included for the Meta-analysis. The RR and 95% CI of Caesarian Section (C.S), 1.61(1.25-2.07), macrosomia, 1.84(1.40-2.42), preterm delivery, 2.45(1.29-4.64), NICU admission, 2.90(1.77-4.74), Apgar score min 5 <7, 2.79(1.18-6.57), fetal distress, 1.69(1.02-2.80), and large for gestational age (LGA), 2.27(1.38-3.72), were determined. We found a higher RR of perinatal outcomes including NICU admission, Apgar score min 5<7, preterm delivery, and LGA. RR other perinatal outcomes such as macrosomia, fetal distress, and C.S. were lower.
Conclusion: Idiopathic Polyhydramnios was significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Intensive intrapartum monitoring and further attention in the postpartum are warranted.- انتشار مقاله: 19-08-1397
- نویسندگان: Samiyeh Kazemi,Farin Soleimani,Sara Kazemi,Anoshirvan Kazemnezhad,Zahra Kiani,Farzaneh Pazandeh,Nasrin Azimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: self-efficacy,attitude,Infant,Breastfeeding,mothers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Breastfeeding is an ideal nutritional method that has many benefits for mothers, infants and the health system.Negative attitude toward breastfeeding is accompanied with unpleasant consequences. We aimed to determine the predictors of breastfeeding attitude in Iranian breastfeeding mothers.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 mothers in the first 24-48 hours after delivery in selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Convenience and continuous sampling method was used in this study. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), Breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-shortform (BSES-SF(, and researcher made questioner for socio-demographic, obstetric and breastfeeding characteristics were used for data collection.
Results: The mean score of attitude was 45.90 ± 4.68 out of 11-55, which indicates a positive attitude toward breastfeeding. The results showed a significant relationship between mother age, breastfeeding self-efficacy score, mother’s employment status, planned pregnancy, selected feeding method for infant, and the breastfeeding duration of the previous child with breastfeeding attitude score (P<0.05). According to multiple linear regression model, maternal age (B=0.110, P=0.015), breastfeeding self-efficacy (B=0.102, P=0.001), maternal employment (B=1.286, P=0.021), and planned pregnancy (B=1.638, P=0.003) were predictors of breastfeeding attitude in mothers.
Conclusion: According to the results maternal age, breastfeeding self-efficacy, maternal employment and planned pregnancy were predictors of breastfeeding attitude in mothers. Hence, development of suitable educational programs tailored to the needs of mothers, during pregnancy and the postpartum periodand adequate support of mothers are essential to improve and enhance breastfeeding attitude and self-efficacy in breastfeeding mothers.- انتشار مقاله: 28-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Vida Ghasemi,Masoumeh Simbar,Erfan Ghasemi,Abbas Ebadi,Zahra Kiani,Fatemeh Mahdizad Keyghobad,Parisa Haghi Navand
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Education,health promotion,Adolescent Health,Peer group
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Peer education is one of the most effective strategies for changing behavior in adolescents, which provides the unique learning opportunities for promote health behaviors. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of peer education on health promotion of Iranian adolescents.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, all interventional studies were searched from Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Medline (via PubMed) as English databases and SID, Magiran and Irondoc as Persian databases using keywords such as "adolescent, teenager, student, peer group, education, health and Iran" between January 2000 to October 2018. Two reviewer studied the full text of the articles and their main findings were extracted and categorized. The quality of the articles were checked and verified using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool.
Results: Finally, 20 articles (with total 6,652 adolescents) which met inclusion criteria were investigated and reviewed systemically in four categories including the effect of peer education on prevention of diseases, mental health, nutritional behaviors, and prevention of high-risk behaviors in adolescents. In all categories, the results showed the equal or greater effect of peer education on knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy and health behavior of adolescents compared to other methods such as education by teacher, health personnel, lecture, pamphlet and booklet. Only effect of education by the physician was more than peer education.
Conclusion: According to the results, peer education improves the knowledge, attitude, health behavior, and self-efficacy of adolescents and as a result, it will promote the adolescent health.- انتشار مقاله: 19-08-1397
- نویسندگان: Vida Ghasemi,Masoumeh Simbar,Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari,Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz,Zahra Kiani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: children,Meta-Analysis,Bone mineral density,Breastfeeding
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: During lactation, metabolic changes in the bone in different areas of the body may affect the amount of bone mineral density.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between breastfeeding and bone mineral density in women.
Materials and Methods: In this study, articles were searched at Cochran, Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases until June 2018. The search procedure was conducted with keywords related to breastfeeding and bone mineral density. The mean (SD) of bone mineral density was extracted in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Funnel plot and Egger's test was used for publication bias assessing and I2 index were used for heterogeneity.
Results: In this study, 10 articles involving 3,613 healthy women included for Meta analyze. We observed the decreasing trend in mean bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femur neck in non-breastfeeding subgroup to 24 months or more breastfeeding subgroup. BMD of lumbar spine in non-breastfeeding women were [M: 0.96, 95%confidence interval [CI]; 0.89-1.02, P=0.000], in subgroup with more than 24 months breastfeeding the BMD were [M: 0.87, 95%CI; 0.79-0.95, P=0.000]. The femoral neck BMD in non-breastfeeding were [M: 0.80 95%CI; 0.73-0.87, P=0.000], and in subgroup with more than 24 months breastfeeding the BMD were [M: 0.76, 95%CI; 0.71-0.81, P=0.000]. In subgroup analyze, the mean BMD in Asian and postmenopausal sub-group was lower than others.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that breastfeeding have reduced effect on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of women, but there were high heterogeneity in sub-group analyze, so we recommended another studies in homogenous group of women.- انتشار مقاله: 01-04-1397
- نویسندگان: Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz,Vida Ghasemi,Zahra Kiani,Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari,Giti Ozgoli
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,subsidies,Multifunctionality of agriculture,The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE),Agricultural reform
- چکیده: The production of public goods like amenity value of the landscape, food security, preservation of rural communities and rural lifestyle, by agricultural sector is a subject that has been widely accepted by experts. However, in many policies and political analyses carried out, solely the production of private goods by the agricultural sector is paid attention and the important function of public goods production is ignored. Given the importance of multifunctional debate of agriculture in policies analysis, this study examined the effect of agricultural multifunctionality in the simulation of the agricultural production subsidies reduction effects using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Simulation results of the effects of agricultural production subsidies reduction in terms of the multifunctionality showed that current practices to support the agricultural sector is non-optimal according to agricultural production and welfare
reduction and the optimal level of supports with and without multifunctional agriculture is different. The simulation results showed that the welfare effects of economic reforms in Iran in the agricultural sector in terms of the multifunctionality will be positive. This is on condition that the welfare effects of agricultural reform in terms of the multifunctionality of agriculture are negative.- چکیده انگلیسی: The production of public goods like amenity value of the landscape, food security, preservation of rural communities and rural lifestyle, by agricultural sector is a subject that has been widely accepted by experts. However, in many policies and political analyses carried out, solely the production of private goods by the agricultural sector is paid attention and the important function of public goods production is ignored. Given the importance of multifunctional debate of agriculture in policies analysis, this study examined the effect of agricultural multifunctionality in the simulation of the agricultural production subsidies reduction effects using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Simulation results of the effects of agricultural production subsidies reduction in terms of the multifunctionality showed that current practices to support the agricultural sector is non-optimal according to agricultural production and welfare reduction and the optimal level of supports with and without multifunctional agriculture is different. The simulation results showed that the welfare effects of economic reforms in Iran in the agricultural sector in terms of the multifunctionality will be positive. This is on condition that the welfare effects of agricultural reform in terms of the multifunctionality of agriculture are negative.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-05-1394
- نویسندگان: Saeed Mehrjou,Zahra Kiani-Feyzabad
- مشاهده