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- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Ornamental Plants
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Regression,Growth models,Tree height,Urban trees
- چکیده: تخمین رشد درختان شهری، به ویژه ارتفاع درخت در مدیریت منظر شهری، اهمیت بسیاری دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، پیش بینی ارتفاع درخت بر اساس قطر درخت بود. به این منظور 921 درخت از پنج گونه مختلف در پنج ناحیه از شهر مشهد در سال 2014 اندازهگیری شدند. درختان مورد ارزیابی در این آزمایش، درخت زبان گنجشک (Fraxinus species)، درخت چنار (Platanus hybrida)، درخت توت سفید (Morus alba)، درخت عرعر (Ailanthus altissima) و درخت اقاقیا (Robinia pseudoacacia) بودند. تحلیل رگرسیون ارتفاع در برابر قطر مدلهای مختلفی (خطی، لگاریتمی، نمایی و توانی) را حاصل کرد که می تواند برای تخمین ارتفاع این پنج گونه درختی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. توابع لگاریتمی ، توانی و نمایی در درخت زبان گنجشک ( R2 = 0.9و RMSE = 0.74 )، درخت عرعر ( R2 = 0.92و RMSE = 0.44) و درخت چنار (R2 = 0.72 وRMSE = 0.72 ) بهترتیب، برازش مناسبی از دادههای مربوط به ارتفاع در برابر قطر درختان را ارائه دادند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Estimating urban trees growth, especially tree height is very important in urban landscape management. The aim of the study was to predict of tree height base on tree diameter. To achieve this goal, 921 trees from five species were measured in five areas of Mashhad city in 2014. The evaluated trees were ash tree (Fraxinus species), plane tree (Platanus hybrida), white mulberry (Morus alba), ailanthus tree (Ailanthus altissima) and false acacia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia). Regression analysis of tree height versus tree diameter revealed several models (linear, logarithmic, exponential and power) that could be used for estimating the tree height of these five species. The logarithmic, power and exponential functions provided a good fit to the data on tree height against tree diameter for ash tree (R2 = 0.9 and RMSE = 0.74), ailanthus tree (R2 = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.44) and plane tree (R2 = 0.72 and RMSE = 0.72), respectively.
- انتشار مقاله: 07-10-1394
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: It has been found that the decision-making process in medicine is affected, to a large extent, by one’s experience, individual mentality, previous models, and common habitual approaches, in addition to scientific principles. Evidence-based medicine is an approach attempting to reinforce scientific, systematic and critical thinking in physicians and provide the ground for optimal decision making. In this connection, the purpose of the present study is to find out to what extent the education of evidence based medicine affects clinical decision making.Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out on 110clinical residents, who started their education in September, 2012 and finally 62 residents filled out the questionnaires. The instrument used was a researchermade questionnaire containing items on four decision-making approaches. The questionnaire was used both as a pre-test and a post-test to assess the residents’ viewpoints on decision making approaches. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using medical education and clinical professionals’ viewpoints, and the reliability was calculated through Chronbach alpha; it was found to be 0.93. The results were analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS, version 14.Results: The results demonstrated that evidence-based medicine workshopsignificantly affected the residents’ decision-making approaches (p<0.001).The pre-test showed that principles-based, reference-based and routinemodel-based approaches were more preferred before the program (p<0.001). However, after the implementation of the program, the dominant approaches used by the residents in their decision making were evidence-based ones.Conclusion: To develop the evidence-based approach, it is necessary foreducational programs to continue steadily and goal-orientedly. In addition, the equipment infrastructure such as the Internet, access to data bases, scientific data, and clinical guides should develop more in the medical departments.Keywords: Clinical, Evidence-based medicine, Decision making, Resident
- انتشار مقاله: 07-07-1393
- نویسندگان: ZAHRA KARIMIAN,JAVAD KOJOURI,MOHAMMAD MAHDI SAGHEB,ALI MAHBOUDI,MAHBOOBEH SABER,MITRA AMINI,MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: In the design of educational programs, much attentionhas been paid to teaching methods, needs assessment, an importantpart of the development of educational programs, generally isneglected. Another important aspect in educational program design isassessing effectiveness. The aims of this study were to design a formalneeds assessment program to define the core contents of a facultydevelopment program, and to determine whether participation in thefaculty development program reinforced new teaching skills.Methods: A teacher-training program was designed at ShirazUniversity of Medical Sciences to help medical instructors boosttheir teaching skills. Needs assessment was done with nominal grouptechnique followed by a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Theprogram, imparted in workshop format, covered effective teachingmethods, feedback, assessing knowledge and time management.Instruction was in the form of lectures, group discussions, casesimulations, video presentations and role-plays. The program wasevaluated in several phases using data triangulation and multi-itemassessments of overall program quality in three major dimensions:Kirkpatrick program evaluation model, evaluation of theeducational environment and qualitative analysis with open-endedquestions. All participants in the study belonged to the academicstaff of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (n=396).Results: Seven main categories were derived from nominal grouptechniques and questionnaires. After the program, participantsrated the quality of the program highly. They felt that the educationalintervention was appropriate and had a positive impact on theirknowledge of effective teaching methods, feedback, knowledgeassessment and time management. Assessment of the effectivenessof the program showed that participants reported significantimprovements in their teaching abilities.Conclusion: Our faculty development program have a significantpositive effect on medical university teaching staff members’competencies. Further research is needed to investigate whetherthe faculty development program actually results in improvedteaching performance.Keywords: Faculty, Teaching, Effectiveness, Assessment, Needs assessment
- انتشار مقاله: 10-10-1393
- نویسندگان: JAVAD KOJURI,MITRA AMINI,ZAHRA KARIMIAN,MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI,MAHBOOBEH SABER,LEILA BAZRAFCAN,SEDIGHEH EBRAHIMI,RITA REZAEE
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: The scholarship domains based on Boyer’s definition includes discovery, teaching and learning, application, integration and engagement, but it is a main question that which criteria must a scholarship activities have? In this research, the characteristics of scholarship activities have been studied using a qualitative approach based on higher education experts’ viewpoints from four domains [humanities, engineering, basic sciences, and medical sciences]Method: The method of this research was based on qualitative approach using a semi- structured interview in 2013. The sampling method was objective and 14 faculty members participated in the research. Data were analyzed using the expert’s viewpoints.Results: The analysis of the experts’ viewpoints showed differences, infra-discipline characteristics. All of the experts reported that creativity, defining the correct problem and scientific reasoning were the first preferences and then necessity for sharing knowledge with peers, not only through publishing the articles but also in academic community in their universities. Based on the experts’ viewpoints, the research framework was designed using 6 main criteria, 15 indicators and 43 items. Conclusion: Since reasoning and defining the correct problem are the first step in beginning the scholarship activities and affect the quality, all of the experts emphasize them. It is necessary to establish the knowledge sharing mechanism in the entire scholarship domain.Keywords: Scholarship, Criteria, Higher education
- انتشار مقاله: 08-07-1392
- نویسندگان: ZAHRA KARIMIAN,MAHMOOD ABOLGHASEMI,ZAHRA SABAGHIAN,MOHAMAD HASAN PARDAKHTCHI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: General medical education starts with basic sciences whichusually continue about 2.5 to 3 years. In this period, the students study basic medical sciences and then start the clinical stage in which they deal with diagnoses, care, and cure of disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the integration of basic sciences period with the clinical period at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The present study is a descriptive one. The sample of the study consisted of all students entered Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in January, 2009, and November, 2009, professors of basic sciences courses, and some clinical professors. To evaluate the integration program, we devised various instruments. The collected data were analyzed, using SPSS software.Result: The findings showed that in spite of the students’ objections neweducational methods in the first year of implementation, they felt moresatisfied as the drawbacks were removed over time.Conclusion: The assessment of educational curricula is an important step to identify educational problems and promote the students’ learning. This issue can help the curriculum planners to design the educational programs so that students, particularly medical students, will be able to acquire the required knowledge and skill and integrate them for the promotion and maintenance of society’s health.Keywords: Evaluation, Basic sciences, Horizontal integration
- انتشار مقاله: 22-07-1392
- نویسندگان: MITRA AMINI,JAVAD KOJURI,ALI MAHBUDI,FARHAD LOTFI,ATEFEH SEGHATOLESLAM,ZAHRA KARIMIAN,MESBAH SHAMS
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Opium,Iran,laryngeal cancer
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:
Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer involving the respiratory tract, second only to lung cancer. Previous studies have shown opium dependency to be a possible risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Opium consumption is a major problem in some parts of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of opium consumption on the pattern of involvement in laryngeal cancer.
Methods and materials:
In this analytical cross-sectional study, 44 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer (41 male and three female) were studied. Data were collected using a questionnaire, physical examination, and paraclinical studies. Patients were defined as opium dependent based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) criteria and duration of opium consumption.
Results:
Patients were categorized into two groups: opium-dependent (32.6%) and non-opium-dependent (67.4%) patients. The average age of the patients was 58.5±3.2 years in the opium-dependent group and 60.7±2.8 years in the non-opium-dependent group (P=non-significant). An analysis of the pattern of involvement in each group showed glottis involvement in 56%, subglottis involvement in 8%, supraglottis involvement in 32%, and hypopharyngeal involvement in 4% of the opium-dependent group compared with glottis involvement in 55.9%, subglottis involvement in 11.8%, supraglottis involvement in 32.4%, and hypopharyngeal involvement in none of the non-opium-dependent group (P=non-significant).
Conclusion:
There was a poor correlation between opium dependency and pattern of involvement in laryngeal cancer. Opium dependency did not lead to the development of laryngeal cancer at a younger age, based on our study.- انتشار مقاله: 19-09-1394
- نویسندگان: Payman Dabirmoghaddam,Ali Karimian Taheri,Hosein Ghazavi,SHaghayegh Ebrahimnejad,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Mentorship,Mentor,Personality Support,Career Support
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Mentorship develops a personal relationship in which a more experienced and knowledgeable person helps a less experienced person. In this study we aimed to investigate mentorship status and its impact from viewpoint of clinical professors of Shiraz medical school.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study 99 clinical professors of medicine at Shiraz medical school were investigated using simple random sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect the data .The clinical teacher were asked to tell their viewpoint about mentorship in ideal and real situation. A 5 point Likert scale was used for scoring of the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software, using t-test, paired t-test, and correlation.
Results: Among the various features, from clinical teachers’ viewpoint "being provocative" was the most important feature of an ideal clinical Mentor (mean score: 4.67, SD: 0.55). Among the effects of mentorship on personality support of the students, in the ideal case, the effect of "accountability incrassation" had the highest mean score (4.91),However teachers believed that in real situation, "stress reduction" of students were the most effective role of mentorship in supporting the students (mean score: 2.76). At career supporting of the students, teachers believed in the ideal state “make motivation towards career" in students had the highest impact (mean score: 4.58). In the real status, "scientific development" and “professional promoting and career success," in student had the highest mean score (2.46).
Conclusions: Mentoring is as an important process for the professional development of learners .In today’s situation the most time of mentors are spend of stress reduction of the students, However in ideal situation, positive mentors not only help to shape the professional development of our future physicians by improving the accountability incrassation, they also influence their career choices. To train teachers as a Mentor, we can use short-term courses and workshops and prepare some outlined such as learning and teaching process, adult learning principles, role clarity, setting educational goals, assessment and evaluation of learner and provide feedback
- انتشار مقاله: 30-02-1393
- نویسندگان: Elahe Mohammadi,Mitra Amini,Marzieh Moattari,Neda Moaddab,Arezoo Farajpoor,Mohammad Morad Jafari,Zahra Karimian,Somaye Delavari,Fatemeh Shahidi,Shekoofeh Nikseresht
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Deep Approach,Strategic Approach,Surface
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Study habits and skills are very important particularly in medical school which is characterized by heavy workload, heavy time commitments, and high stakes assessments. Students’ approach to learning, which includes study habits, has an important impact on both the excellence of the learning and their academic success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the study habits of Shiraz medical students. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study Persian version of Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was distributed randomly among 265 Shiraz medical students in May 2010. Total completed questionnaires were 193 (72.83%). data was analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The results showed that most of the students use deep approach towards their studies (89.4%) and some use strategic approach (72.7%) but score was relatively low for surface approach (69.8%). There was no statistic relationship between gender and deep or surface approach that they adopted but there was statistically positive relationship between gender and strategic approach that they adopted with males good in adopting strategic approach. No statistical relationship was detected between educational level and deep approach but analysis detected a statistically positive relationship between the level of education and both surface and strategic approaches. Non clinical students adopted strategic approach whereas clinical students adopted surface approach towards their studies. No relationship was detected between place of living and approaches that they adopted. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that there is an overlap correlation between learning approaches adopted by students in different situations. Moreover the finding showed that with increase in educational level there is a trend toward surface approach. Therefore, the adoption of factors which foster deep approaches and activities which increase students' interest should be strongly emphasized.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-07-1390
- نویسندگان: Mitra Amini,Saima Tajamul,Farhad Lotfi*,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical students,Learning,e,Virtual Education,Course
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability and necessity of e-learning courses based on the participants’ viewpoints in an e-learning Summer School. Methods: The research was conducted in 2017 with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of 33 students from universities of medical sciences that attended in the first e-learning Summer School and the research was done on all of them. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was used that consisted of 40 questions including 25 questions in the knowledge section with five fields (concepts and theories, instructional design, virtual class, multimedia principles, and new approaches in e-learning) and 15 questions in the skills section with two fields (e-content development and learning management system). Content validity of the questionnaire was approved based on five expert’s opinions and reliability was 94% based on Cronbach’s alpha. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16 with one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA test. Student’s individual experiences were also evaluated by one open-ended question. Results All topics significantly were applicable and necessary from the participants’ viewpoints in both knowledge and skills sections (P < 0.001). The dimension of e-content development had the highest mean score (4.46). Conclusions: E-learning can provide better and easier learning experiences by eliminating the time and space constraints and being adapted to learner conditions. Short-term e-learning courses can create new ideas for the use of technology in the educational process.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Education,Knowledge,Evidence-based Medicine,Residents,Practical Capabilities
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background : Commitment to evidence-based medicine (EBM) means the informed and fair use of the best evidence for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients. This approach attempts to improve the quality of clinical decision-making. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of EBM training courses on the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of clinical residents. Methods : A quantitative method based on a quasi-experimental single group design was used in this study. Two researcher-made questionnaires and one test were used as the major instruments for evaluating the satisfaction, knowledge and practical capabilities of participants. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by five educational experts in medical education and clinical practices, and the reliability was calculated through Chronbach’s alpha (r = 0.92 and 0.93). The questionnaires were distributed among all 110 junior clinical residents who participated in the EBM workshop; 62 residents completed the questionnaire. The gathered data was analyzed through SPSS version 14 using paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results : Participants took a high level of satisfaction (means of all items were higher than the cut-off points) from the evidence-based medical course. Participants’ knowledge and practical abilities were significantly broadened as a result of attending the EBM course (P < 0.01). In addition, a positive significant correlation was found between the knowledge scores and practical ability scores of residents who participated in the EBM course (r = 84%). Conclusions : More emphasis needs to be placed on developing the practical skills of residents in the EBM course. It is also essential that clinical ward residents be required to make clinical decisions based on evidence-based medicine.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-07-1394
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Javad Kojouri,Asiyeh Salehi,Behdad Amiri
- مشاهده