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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Mentorship,Mentor,Personality Support,Career Support
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Mentorship develops a personal relationship in which a more experienced and knowledgeable person helps a less experienced person. In this study we aimed to investigate mentorship status and its impact from viewpoint of clinical professors of Shiraz medical school.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study 99 clinical professors of medicine at Shiraz medical school were investigated using simple random sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect the data .The clinical teacher were asked to tell their viewpoint about mentorship in ideal and real situation. A 5 point Likert scale was used for scoring of the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software, using t-test, paired t-test, and correlation.
Results: Among the various features, from clinical teachers’ viewpoint "being provocative" was the most important feature of an ideal clinical Mentor (mean score: 4.67, SD: 0.55). Among the effects of mentorship on personality support of the students, in the ideal case, the effect of "accountability incrassation" had the highest mean score (4.91),However teachers believed that in real situation, "stress reduction" of students were the most effective role of mentorship in supporting the students (mean score: 2.76). At career supporting of the students, teachers believed in the ideal state “make motivation towards career" in students had the highest impact (mean score: 4.58). In the real status, "scientific development" and “professional promoting and career success," in student had the highest mean score (2.46).
Conclusions: Mentoring is as an important process for the professional development of learners .In today’s situation the most time of mentors are spend of stress reduction of the students, However in ideal situation, positive mentors not only help to shape the professional development of our future physicians by improving the accountability incrassation, they also influence their career choices. To train teachers as a Mentor, we can use short-term courses and workshops and prepare some outlined such as learning and teaching process, adult learning principles, role clarity, setting educational goals, assessment and evaluation of learner and provide feedback
- انتشار مقاله: 30-02-1393
- نویسندگان: Elahe Mohammadi,Mitra Amini,Marzieh Moattari,Neda Moaddab,Arezoo Farajpoor,Mohammad Morad Jafari,Zahra Karimian,Somaye Delavari,Fatemeh Shahidi,Shekoofeh Nikseresht
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Deep Approach,Strategic Approach,Surface
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Study habits and skills are very important particularly in medical school which is characterized by heavy workload, heavy time commitments, and high stakes assessments. Students’ approach to learning, which includes study habits, has an important impact on both the excellence of the learning and their academic success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the study habits of Shiraz medical students. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study Persian version of Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was distributed randomly among 265 Shiraz medical students in May 2010. Total completed questionnaires were 193 (72.83%). data was analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The results showed that most of the students use deep approach towards their studies (89.4%) and some use strategic approach (72.7%) but score was relatively low for surface approach (69.8%). There was no statistic relationship between gender and deep or surface approach that they adopted but there was statistically positive relationship between gender and strategic approach that they adopted with males good in adopting strategic approach. No statistical relationship was detected between educational level and deep approach but analysis detected a statistically positive relationship between the level of education and both surface and strategic approaches. Non clinical students adopted strategic approach whereas clinical students adopted surface approach towards their studies. No relationship was detected between place of living and approaches that they adopted. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that there is an overlap correlation between learning approaches adopted by students in different situations. Moreover the finding showed that with increase in educational level there is a trend toward surface approach. Therefore, the adoption of factors which foster deep approaches and activities which increase students' interest should be strongly emphasized.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-07-1390
- نویسندگان: Mitra Amini,Saima Tajamul,Farhad Lotfi*,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical students,Learning,e,Virtual Education,Course
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability and necessity of e-learning courses based on the participants’ viewpoints in an e-learning Summer School. Methods: The research was conducted in 2017 with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of 33 students from universities of medical sciences that attended in the first e-learning Summer School and the research was done on all of them. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was used that consisted of 40 questions including 25 questions in the knowledge section with five fields (concepts and theories, instructional design, virtual class, multimedia principles, and new approaches in e-learning) and 15 questions in the skills section with two fields (e-content development and learning management system). Content validity of the questionnaire was approved based on five expert’s opinions and reliability was 94% based on Cronbach’s alpha. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16 with one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA test. Student’s individual experiences were also evaluated by one open-ended question. Results All topics significantly were applicable and necessary from the participants’ viewpoints in both knowledge and skills sections (P < 0.001). The dimension of e-content development had the highest mean score (4.46). Conclusions: E-learning can provide better and easier learning experiences by eliminating the time and space constraints and being adapted to learner conditions. Short-term e-learning courses can create new ideas for the use of technology in the educational process.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Education,Knowledge,Evidence-based Medicine,Residents,Practical Capabilities
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background : Commitment to evidence-based medicine (EBM) means the informed and fair use of the best evidence for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients. This approach attempts to improve the quality of clinical decision-making. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of EBM training courses on the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of clinical residents. Methods : A quantitative method based on a quasi-experimental single group design was used in this study. Two researcher-made questionnaires and one test were used as the major instruments for evaluating the satisfaction, knowledge and practical capabilities of participants. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by five educational experts in medical education and clinical practices, and the reliability was calculated through Chronbach’s alpha (r = 0.92 and 0.93). The questionnaires were distributed among all 110 junior clinical residents who participated in the EBM workshop; 62 residents completed the questionnaire. The gathered data was analyzed through SPSS version 14 using paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results : Participants took a high level of satisfaction (means of all items were higher than the cut-off points) from the evidence-based medical course. Participants’ knowledge and practical abilities were significantly broadened as a result of attending the EBM course (P < 0.01). In addition, a positive significant correlation was found between the knowledge scores and practical ability scores of residents who participated in the EBM course (r = 84%). Conclusions : More emphasis needs to be placed on developing the practical skills of residents in the EBM course. It is also essential that clinical ward residents be required to make clinical decisions based on evidence-based medicine.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-07-1394
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Javad Kojouri,Asiyeh Salehi,Behdad Amiri
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Students,feedback,university,Clinical education,Residents
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Evidence-based Medicine is a new approach for physicians to integrate their clinical experiences. It can provide the best evidence to apply such experiences to the right and precise diagnostic and treatment decisions. There have been a lot of studies concerning teaching methods in and efficiency of evidence-based medicine in recent years. As such, the present study, with an analytic view, aims to deal with diverse teaching methods and the levels of efficiency in evidence-based medicine. This research, with an analytical-theoretical view, is a library-based study, seeking data from articles in scientific data-bases. Primarily, 42 articles were reviewed. Out of them, 21 articles with more data on teaching methods and level of efficiency were included in the study. The review revealed that evidence-based medical education would usually start in the early years of medical education. Although lecturing was the dominant teaching method, other methods as integrated approaches, interaction, and group discussion were also common. In addition the studies on the level of efficacy were more concerned with assessing the students’ satisfaction and knowledge but not the application of evidence-based medicine. Therefore, in medical education more attention should be paid to interactive and integrated methods with an interdisciplinary approach. Evidence-based medical education should be presented step by step, based on the students’ educational needs in basic sciences and clinical levels. It is necessary to have more studies on the efficiency of evidence-based medicine in practice and students’ behavioral change.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Javad Kojouri,Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Teaching and Learning,Scholarly teaching,Faculty,Scholarship,Good Teaching
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Discovery and knowledge production, education, application, integration and engagement are the major domain of university functions. In the resent years the faculty evaluation systems lead the academic activities to research and publication. The positive result of this situation is being seen in the increase of international scientific ranking of Iran. But because of necessity to considering the totality and integration of university functions, this is the main question that “Does the entire scholarship domain especially scholarship of teaching and learning are developing equally?” For response to the question this research was designed. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative methods by review the literature, documentation and semi-structure interview with 17 experts in four discipline area including humanities, basic science, engineering and medical science. In this research scholarship of teaching and learning are divided to three levels: good teaching [teaching based on personal expertise], scholarly teaching [based on pedagogical content knowledge] and scholarship of teaching and learning [sharing the educational knowledge]. Encoding and Categorizing was done by content analysis of interviews. Results: The results showed that in almost of the universities, teaching and learning process are done by personal expertise and in none medical universities there isn’t enough faculty development programs to empowerment of educational profession competency. The infrastructure for scholarship of teaching and learning in medical universities was better than the non-medical. Conclusion: It Seems that, cultural, scientific, political and formal infrastructure are necessary for knowledge storing and knowledge sharing. refining the faculty evaluation and promotion system, organizing the education development centers and holding the educational innovation Festival can be effective role in creating an scholarship atmosphere for developing the teaching and learning, specially, in none medical universities.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Zahra Karimian,Mahmood Abolghasemi,Zahra Sabbaghian,Mohammad Hasan Pardakhtchi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Quality of Life,depression,Pregnant Women
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background Quality of life differs for different people in different situations and is related to one's self-satisfaction with life. Quality of life is affected by health status. Objectives The current study examined the relationship between quality of life and depression in pregnant women in Kashan city. Patients and Methods A Case - control study was performed on 112 depressed pregnant women (Case Group) and 353 Non-depressed pregnant women (Control Group) who referred to the prenatal health care centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences .They completed Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) to assess the quality of life and the Beck Depression Inventory to assess the level of depressive symptoms. T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results The findings showed that there was an inverse relationship between quality of life and depression in pregnancy (P = 0.0001). Average scores in all eight domains of quality of life were significantly lower in depressed pregnant women compared to non- depressed women. The strongest relationship was observed between depression and vitality (r =-0.52, P = 0.0001), mental health (r = -0.50, P = 0.001) and social functioning (r =-0.38, P = 0.001). Conclusion Depressed pregnant women had a lower quality of life. The proper management of depression during pregnancy can improve the quality of life in women. It is recommended that antenatal services integrate screening for depression into routine antenatal care.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Fatemeh Abbaszadeh,Mahboobe Kafaei Atrian,Negin Masoudi Alavi,Azam Bagheri,Zohreh Sadat,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Prevalence,signs and symptoms,Menopause
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background Menopause is a unique event in a woman’s life which has many symptoms. Frequency and severity of these symptoms vary, and they are based on the woman’s epidemiological characteristics. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and related factors among women, 40-60 years in Kashan, Iran. Patients and Methods Results The most common symptoms in; vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains were; ‘night sweats’, ‘accomplishing less than I used to’, ‘feeling a lack of energy’, and ‘change in sexual desire’, respectively. Moreover, the most severe symptoms in these domains were; ‘night sweats’, ‘feeling anxious or nervous’, ‘aching muscles or joints’, and ‘avoiding intimacy’. There was a statistically significant difference between; the severity of menopausal symptoms and working status (P = 0.017), different educational levels (P = 0.001), exercise activity (P = 0.001), exercise frequency (P = 0.04), and duration of menopause (P = 0.03). Conclusions The prevalence of menopausal symptoms in our population is similar to most other communities. Employment, higher educational levels, doing physical activity and duration of menopause of more than five years is associated with milder menopausal symptoms.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Abedzadeh-Kalahroudi,Mahboubeh Taebi,Zohreh Sadat,Farzaneh Saberi,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: smoking,Adverse effects,Pregnancy,Gestational Age,Premature birth,Environmental exposure
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background Maternal passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be a risk factor for maternal and newborn morbidity. Objectives The current study aimed to assess the relationship between preterm delivery and tobacco smoke exposure in pregnant woman referring to the Shabih-Khani maternity hospital in Kashan, Iran. Patients and Methods An analytical retrospective cohort study was conducted on 300 non-smoker pregnant women in two groups of passive smoking and non- passive smoking. Passive smoking was defined as exposed to smoking of 5 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy at home. Preterm delivery compared between passive smoking and non-passive smoking groups. Results Preterm delivery in the passive smoking group was more than non-passive smoking group (10% versus 6%, P = 0.2), this difference was not significant. Gestational age was similar in the two groups (38.96 ± 1.56 and 38.99 ± 1.42 weeks in the passive and non-passive smoking groups respectively). Conclusions Preterm delivery in the exposed group was more than non-exposed group, but difference was not significant.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Zohreh Sadat,Zohreh Sadat,Fatemeh Bazarganipour,Zahra Sehat,Masoumeh Abedzadeh-Kalarhoudi,Farzaneh Saberi,Fatemeh Abbaszadeh,Zahra Karimian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Ornamental Plants
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: superabsorbent,arid and semi-arid regions,irrigation interval,Palm fiber mulch,Seasonal plants
- چکیده: کمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی میتوانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گیاه فصلی پرطرفدار گل جعفری در خاورمیانه آزمایشی در طی سالهای 1395 تا 1396 در شهر مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش دو تیمار شامل نوع مالچ (خاک معمولی به عنوان شاهد، مالچ تنه درخت خرما، مالچ پلاستیک و سوپرجاذب) و دور آبیاری (3، 6 و 9 روز) اعمال شد. برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در این آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در اغلب صفات، دور آبیاری هر سه روز یکبار در مقایسه با دورهای 6 و 9 روز یکبار افزایش معنیداری را نشان داد. اما در صفت ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد گل و نرخ فتوسنتز هیچ تفاوت معنیداری بین دورهای آبیاری 3 روز و 9 روز مشاهده نشد. یافتهها نشان میدهد که سوپرجاذب و در مرتبه بعدی مالچ تنه درخت خرما با دور آبیاری هر 9 روز یکبار میتوانند برای گل جعفری در شهرهای خشک و نیمهخشک پیشنهاد شوند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Water scarcity is an important obstacle to the development and expansion of the urban landscape in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Nowadays, organic and artificial materials can be used to reduce water consumption without impairing the quality and quantity of urban landscape. In order to study the effect of mulch type on reducing irrigation interval for a popular seasonal plant in the Middle East, African marigold, an experiment was carried out in Mashhad, Iran during 2016-2017 in which two treatments were applied including mulch type (typical soil as control, palm fiber mulch, plastic mulch, and superabsorbent) and irrigation intervals (3, 6 and 9 days). Some morphological, biological, physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated. Results indicated that the superabsorbent could significantly increase most recorded traits. The palm fiber mulch also improved plant height, flower number, and dry shoot weight. In most traits, the 3-day irrigation interval indicated a significant increase versus the 6- and 9-day intervals, but plant height, flower number, and photosynthetic rate did not differ significantly between the 3-day and 9-day irrigation intervals. The findings show that superabsorbent and at the next level, palm fiber mulch with 9-day irrigation intervals can be suggested for African marigold in the arid and semi-arid climates.
- انتشار مقاله: 26-02-1397
- نویسندگان: Haidar Al-Obaidy,Zahra Karimian,Leila Samiei,Ali Tehranifar
- مشاهده