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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of School Administration
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Performance,appraisal,evaluating the performance,evaluating
- چکیده: با توجه به نقش برجستۀ رهبری و مدیریت در عرصۀ دستیابی به اهدف سازمانها، به ویژه مدیران مدارس در نظام آموزش و پرورش، توجه به عملکرد آنان و ارزیابی این عملکردها اهمیت بسیاری دارد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائۀ مدل مفهومی برای ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس انجام شد. روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع فراترکیب بود. گردآوری دادهها به روش اسنادی و با بررسی تمامی منابع علمی مرتبط با موضوع ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس (1380-1398داخلی و 19990-2019 خارجی) انجام شد. بدین منظور، کلیدواژههای مربوط به دو دهۀ اخیر، از جمله: ارزشیابی و ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران، وظایف مدیران، استانداردهای عملکردی مدیران، ویژگیهای و شایستگیهای مدیران و صلاحیتهای حرفهای مدیران (مدارس) در پایگاههای داخلی نظیر پایگاه اطلاعات علمی؛ اس آی دی، و پایگاه دادههای خارجی همچون گوگل اسکولار، اسکوپوس، امرالد، الزویر، پروکوئست اشپینگر تیلور و فرانسیس بررسی شد. با بررسی کامل 47 منبع از 1123 منبع اولیه، 8 مؤلفۀ اصلی و 28 زیرمؤلفه به عنوان ملاکهای ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس، شناسایی و طبقهبندی شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که توجه به ابعاد شناسایی شده، میتواند به مدیران ارشد در تشخیص دقیق و همهجانبۀ عملکرد مدیران مدارس، کمک کند و زمینۀ تصمیمگیری بهینه، گزینش و انتخاب صحیح آنها را فراهم کند.
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Considering the prominent role of principals in achieving the goals of organizations, especially school principals, it is very important to pay attention to and evaluate their performance. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a conceptual model for evaluating the performance of school principals. The research method is qualitative and meta-combined. Data collection was done by documentary method and by reviewing all scientific sources related to the subject of evaluating the performance of school principals (domestic 1380-1398 and foreign 1990-2011). To this end, in the last two decades, the keywords of evaluating and evaluating the performance of principals, duties of principals, performance standards of principals, characteristics and competencies of principals and professional competencies of principals (schools) in internal databases such as scientific database; SIDs, and external databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, Elsevier, Proquest Spinger Taylor, and Francis were examined with a complete review of 47 sources from 1123 primary sources, 8 main components, and 28 subcomponents as criteria for evaluating school principals' performance. , Identified and classified. It is noteworthy that the findings of this study as a model after going through seven steps of meta-combination and screening of backgrounds and resources obtained, finally by examining 47 sources, the components of school principals' performance evaluation were obtained. Also, after analyzing the components into 28 components and 8 dimensions, which include "Educational Leadership", "Organizational Management", "Resource Management", "Communication Management", "Professional Management", "Ethical Management", "Students' Academic Achievement" And "Client Satisfaction" were categorized.
Educational Leadership < /em>: Educational leadership is an effective process of guiding the talents and energy of teachers, students and parents in achieving common educational goals, whose role is to support, strengthen and help, and ultimately cooperate with members of the organization to improve and develop education in schools. In this study, educational leadership refers to a set of core responsibilities of school principals, namely guidance and leadership, teaching learning, vision definition, professional development, motivation, support, cultural education and improving the school climate.
In the role of leadership, school principals direct the activities of staff or teachers and students in order to achieve the goals of the organization, and also teach and teach them, which is the most important task of school principals, to develop students and to develop the professional profession of teachers. . In order to achieve the goals of the organization, it draws a common vision that is clear to all members of the organization and creates a common understanding of it for teachers, staff and parents. In the motivating role, it recognizes and understands the needs, behavior and personality of students, teachers and staff and guides the behavior towards the desired behavior based on feelings of respect, value, positive self-concept, cognition, self-awareness, justice and understanding the talents and strengths of individuals. Also, in the role of support, it should be the source of solving the problem and opening the work knot of teachers, staff and students. In this sense, the principal is responsible for providing the necessary information, favorable contexts and opportunities to solve the problems of teachers and students, and in the role of educational and cultural affairs, the director cooperates with extracurricular activities that are outside the official programs related to educational and cultural issues. The principal works with a foster care teacher in the school with the aim of protecting the boundaries of belief and preserving the achievements and explaining the values of the country, as well as the development of students' social skills. The school atmosphere is a relatively stable quality of the school environment that is created through the relationship between principal and teachers, teachers and teachers, teachers and staff, teachers and students, or relationships between students, and is based on a collective perception of school behavior. Other schools are distinguished in terms of the effect that the school atmosphere has on the success and performance of the school should be given serious attention by school principals, and the principal in this role should seek to create a joker and effort and intimacy and camaraderie in the school.
Organizational management: Organizational management refers to the general duties of principals in schools. In this model, the set of functions of managers, namely planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring and controlling, decision-making, evaluation, implementation, their organizational management is considered. Planning is very important in management. This importance arises from the fact that effective planning affects the behavior of management and the organization in practice and deeply, and enables effective control of organizational activities. In order to be organized in the school, the principal must identify the activities necessary to achieve the goals and implement the programs, as well as group the activities according to material and human resources. And in coordination to create unity and unity between the activities of different units of the organization so that the goals of the organization are effectively achieved. Every purposeful collective activity requires supervision and control, the realities of organizational life require precise control of their activities. Organizations are subject to constant change and therefore their activities are becoming more complex day by day, the employees of the organization are human beings and their behavior is not free from error and mistake, and delegating authority to facilitate the work is inevitable. All of this points to the supervision and control of school principals and highlights its importance. Decision making as one of the important functions of management is at the forefront of all tasks and is present and influential in all other functions without exception. If we think that decision-making means choosing one of the various ways to solve a problem, we can not do any planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling without making a decision. No management and organization can achieve its ideals and goals without reviewing the results of its work and performance. Evaluation is one of the basic tasks of management that measures the achievement of goals by reviewing and researching the performance of individuals and the organization and provides the grounds for removing obstacles, modifying methods, improving forces and finally going through other stages of movement and growth in the organization. Once all the processes of management functions, including planning, organizing, coordinating, and decision-making, have been identified, it is time to implement and implement these decisions. Implement the rules of the country's education system properly in schools.
Resource Management: Resource management means the management of human and financial affairs and material affairs. In human affairs, the principal deals with the administrative affairs of the students and school staff, and in financial affairs, he spends the school budget, allocates resources, saves expenses, etc., and in material affairs, he takes care of the school building and property. In the humanities, the principal is responsible for the admission, registration, grouping of students and maintenance of various statistics such as personal and academic records and information, as well as identifying the abilities and needs of students and teachers and their upbringing, as well as recruitment, employment, training and employment. Pays for their maintenance and so on. In the present study, the principal's finances mean the success rate of the principal in budgeting, resource allocation, cost savings, etc. in the school. And the purpose of material or physical affairs is to provide the necessary information in the field of educational materials and facilities, facilities, classroom equipment and forecasting future needs and facilities, etc.
Communication Management: Communication management means the set of communication skills of managers' cooperation and partnership with teachers, parents and success in communicating effectively with students and communicating with outside communities.
Professional management: Professional management means the ability of the principal in creativity and solving problems and problems of the school and providing appropriate solutions, receptive and demanding change and innovation in the school. Problem Solving In art management, finding ways to get from where you are to where you want to go is defined, although it is assumed that the manager does not already know how to get there. Creativity is one of the basic aspects in expanding the capabilities of knowledgeable human resources. Change in educational institutions always happens and creates opportunities for positive growth. In order for educational administrators to become real leaders, they must consider change and innovation as positive challenges for the improvement of their country's schools and educational districts, so according to this concept, one of the basic roles and responsibilities of administrators is change and innovation within the organization. In the technology component, a school principal must be able to apply new methods of information technology in performing professional and organizational tasks.
Ethical management: Ethical management means a set of behavioral characteristics that lead to the observance of the common rights of colleagues and stakeholders and is manifested in issues such as justice and fairness, judgment, accountability and responsibility, etc. Fairness from the root half means equal distribution of resources, but justice from the root of justice seeks to allocate resources in an efficient, effective and principled manner and with maximum satisfaction for the parties. In this regard, a fair manager seeks to halve everything among his employees, while a fair manager seeks to find a way to best allocate resources between the proportion of efficiency and performance with the availability of resources. Now these resources can be financial resources, such as salaries, wages, or based on material and non-material rewards, the amount of attention paid to staff or training facilities. Accountability is a commitment to responsibility and is one of the basic and important characteristics of managers. Responsibility is a sense of duty and commitment on the part of management to meet the needs or interests of stakeholders. In other words, the performance of the entrusted tasks is well defined by the management in order to maintain and promote the welfare of the stakeholders and the goals of the organization. The term accountability refers to the concept of "answering". In other words, accountability is defined as taking on the results and consequences of actions and actions, if the needs and interests are not met, as well as measures to improve the situation.
The rate of academic achievement and growth of students: In any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the rate of academic achievement of students. In schools, the performance of school principals directly affects the performance of teachers and indirectly affects the academic achievement of students. Therefore, in any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the academic achievement of students.
Client Satisfaction: Satisfaction is a positive feeling that is created in stakeholders after receiving services, and this will happen if the principal at the school meets the expectations of his clients.
The results showed that paying attention to the identified dimensions can help senior principals in accurately and comprehensively diagnosing the performance of school principals, and provide the basis for optimal decision-making, selection and correct selection.- انتشار مقاله: 09-05-1399
- نویسندگان: Fereshteh Ghaemi,Seyed Mohammad Mirkamali,Reza Rostami,Keyvan Salehi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of School Administration
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Performance,appraisal,evaluating the performance,evaluating
- چکیده: با توجه به نقش برجستۀ رهبری و مدیریت در عرصۀ دستیابی به اهدف سازمانها، به ویژه مدیران مدارس در نظام آموزش و پرورش، توجه به عملکرد آنان و ارزیابی این عملکردها اهمیت بسیاری دارد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائۀ مدل مفهومی برای ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس انجام شد. روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع فراترکیب بود. گردآوری دادهها به روش اسنادی و با بررسی تمامی منابع علمی مرتبط با موضوع ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس (1380-1398داخلی و 19990-2019 خارجی) انجام شد. بدین منظور، کلیدواژههای مربوط به دو دهۀ اخیر، از جمله: ارزشیابی و ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران، وظایف مدیران، استانداردهای عملکردی مدیران، ویژگیهای و شایستگیهای مدیران و صلاحیتهای حرفهای مدیران (مدارس) در پایگاههای داخلی نظیر پایگاه اطلاعات علمی؛ اس آی دی، و پایگاه دادههای خارجی همچون گوگل اسکولار، اسکوپوس، امرالد، الزویر، پروکوئست اشپینگر تیلور و فرانسیس بررسی شد. با بررسی کامل 47 منبع از 1123 منبع اولیه، 8 مؤلفۀ اصلی و 28 زیرمؤلفه به عنوان ملاکهای ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران مدارس، شناسایی و طبقهبندی شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که توجه به ابعاد شناسایی شده، میتواند به مدیران ارشد در تشخیص دقیق و همهجانبۀ عملکرد مدیران مدارس، کمک کند و زمینۀ تصمیمگیری بهینه، گزینش و انتخاب صحیح آنها را فراهم کند.
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Considering the prominent role of principals in achieving the goals of organizations, especially school principals, it is very important to pay attention to and evaluate their performance. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a conceptual model for evaluating the performance of school principals. The research method is qualitative and meta-combined. Data collection was done by documentary method and by reviewing all scientific sources related to the subject of evaluating the performance of school principals (domestic 1380-1398 and foreign 1990-2011). To this end, in the last two decades, the keywords of evaluating and evaluating the performance of principals, duties of principals, performance standards of principals, characteristics and competencies of principals and professional competencies of principals (schools) in internal databases such as scientific database; SIDs, and external databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, Elsevier, Proquest Spinger Taylor, and Francis were examined with a complete review of 47 sources from 1123 primary sources, 8 main components, and 28 subcomponents as criteria for evaluating school principals' performance. , Identified and classified. It is noteworthy that the findings of this study as a model after going through seven steps of meta-combination and screening of backgrounds and resources obtained, finally by examining 47 sources, the components of school principals' performance evaluation were obtained. Also, after analyzing the components into 28 components and 8 dimensions, which include "Educational Leadership", "Organizational Management", "Resource Management", "Communication Management", "Professional Management", "Ethical Management", "Students' Academic Achievement" And "Client Satisfaction" were categorized.
Educational Leadership < /em>: Educational leadership is an effective process of guiding the talents and energy of teachers, students and parents in achieving common educational goals, whose role is to support, strengthen and help, and ultimately cooperate with members of the organization to improve and develop education in schools. In this study, educational leadership refers to a set of core responsibilities of school principals, namely guidance and leadership, teaching learning, vision definition, professional development, motivation, support, cultural education and improving the school climate.
In the role of leadership, school principals direct the activities of staff or teachers and students in order to achieve the goals of the organization, and also teach and teach them, which is the most important task of school principals, to develop students and to develop the professional profession of teachers. . In order to achieve the goals of the organization, it draws a common vision that is clear to all members of the organization and creates a common understanding of it for teachers, staff and parents. In the motivating role, it recognizes and understands the needs, behavior and personality of students, teachers and staff and guides the behavior towards the desired behavior based on feelings of respect, value, positive self-concept, cognition, self-awareness, justice and understanding the talents and strengths of individuals. Also, in the role of support, it should be the source of solving the problem and opening the work knot of teachers, staff and students. In this sense, the principal is responsible for providing the necessary information, favorable contexts and opportunities to solve the problems of teachers and students, and in the role of educational and cultural affairs, the director cooperates with extracurricular activities that are outside the official programs related to educational and cultural issues. The principal works with a foster care teacher in the school with the aim of protecting the boundaries of belief and preserving the achievements and explaining the values of the country, as well as the development of students' social skills. The school atmosphere is a relatively stable quality of the school environment that is created through the relationship between principal and teachers, teachers and teachers, teachers and staff, teachers and students, or relationships between students, and is based on a collective perception of school behavior. Other schools are distinguished in terms of the effect that the school atmosphere has on the success and performance of the school should be given serious attention by school principals, and the principal in this role should seek to create a joker and effort and intimacy and camaraderie in the school.
Organizational management: Organizational management refers to the general duties of principals in schools. In this model, the set of functions of managers, namely planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring and controlling, decision-making, evaluation, implementation, their organizational management is considered. Planning is very important in management. This importance arises from the fact that effective planning affects the behavior of management and the organization in practice and deeply, and enables effective control of organizational activities. In order to be organized in the school, the principal must identify the activities necessary to achieve the goals and implement the programs, as well as group the activities according to material and human resources. And in coordination to create unity and unity between the activities of different units of the organization so that the goals of the organization are effectively achieved. Every purposeful collective activity requires supervision and control, the realities of organizational life require precise control of their activities. Organizations are subject to constant change and therefore their activities are becoming more complex day by day, the employees of the organization are human beings and their behavior is not free from error and mistake, and delegating authority to facilitate the work is inevitable. All of this points to the supervision and control of school principals and highlights its importance. Decision making as one of the important functions of management is at the forefront of all tasks and is present and influential in all other functions without exception. If we think that decision-making means choosing one of the various ways to solve a problem, we can not do any planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling without making a decision. No management and organization can achieve its ideals and goals without reviewing the results of its work and performance. Evaluation is one of the basic tasks of management that measures the achievement of goals by reviewing and researching the performance of individuals and the organization and provides the grounds for removing obstacles, modifying methods, improving forces and finally going through other stages of movement and growth in the organization. Once all the processes of management functions, including planning, organizing, coordinating, and decision-making, have been identified, it is time to implement and implement these decisions. Implement the rules of the country's education system properly in schools.
Resource Management: Resource management means the management of human and financial affairs and material affairs. In human affairs, the principal deals with the administrative affairs of the students and school staff, and in financial affairs, he spends the school budget, allocates resources, saves expenses, etc., and in material affairs, he takes care of the school building and property. In the humanities, the principal is responsible for the admission, registration, grouping of students and maintenance of various statistics such as personal and academic records and information, as well as identifying the abilities and needs of students and teachers and their upbringing, as well as recruitment, employment, training and employment. Pays for their maintenance and so on. In the present study, the principal's finances mean the success rate of the principal in budgeting, resource allocation, cost savings, etc. in the school. And the purpose of material or physical affairs is to provide the necessary information in the field of educational materials and facilities, facilities, classroom equipment and forecasting future needs and facilities, etc.
Communication Management: Communication management means the set of communication skills of managers' cooperation and partnership with teachers, parents and success in communicating effectively with students and communicating with outside communities.
Professional management: Professional management means the ability of the principal in creativity and solving problems and problems of the school and providing appropriate solutions, receptive and demanding change and innovation in the school. Problem Solving In art management, finding ways to get from where you are to where you want to go is defined, although it is assumed that the manager does not already know how to get there. Creativity is one of the basic aspects in expanding the capabilities of knowledgeable human resources. Change in educational institutions always happens and creates opportunities for positive growth. In order for educational administrators to become real leaders, they must consider change and innovation as positive challenges for the improvement of their country's schools and educational districts, so according to this concept, one of the basic roles and responsibilities of administrators is change and innovation within the organization. In the technology component, a school principal must be able to apply new methods of information technology in performing professional and organizational tasks.
Ethical management: Ethical management means a set of behavioral characteristics that lead to the observance of the common rights of colleagues and stakeholders and is manifested in issues such as justice and fairness, judgment, accountability and responsibility, etc. Fairness from the root half means equal distribution of resources, but justice from the root of justice seeks to allocate resources in an efficient, effective and principled manner and with maximum satisfaction for the parties. In this regard, a fair manager seeks to halve everything among his employees, while a fair manager seeks to find a way to best allocate resources between the proportion of efficiency and performance with the availability of resources. Now these resources can be financial resources, such as salaries, wages, or based on material and non-material rewards, the amount of attention paid to staff or training facilities. Accountability is a commitment to responsibility and is one of the basic and important characteristics of managers. Responsibility is a sense of duty and commitment on the part of management to meet the needs or interests of stakeholders. In other words, the performance of the entrusted tasks is well defined by the management in order to maintain and promote the welfare of the stakeholders and the goals of the organization. The term accountability refers to the concept of "answering". In other words, accountability is defined as taking on the results and consequences of actions and actions, if the needs and interests are not met, as well as measures to improve the situation.
The rate of academic achievement and growth of students: In any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the rate of academic achievement of students. In schools, the performance of school principals directly affects the performance of teachers and indirectly affects the academic achievement of students. Therefore, in any education system, one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of schools is the academic achievement of students.
Client Satisfaction: Satisfaction is a positive feeling that is created in stakeholders after receiving services, and this will happen if the principal at the school meets the expectations of his clients.
The results showed that paying attention to the identified dimensions can help senior principals in accurately and comprehensively diagnosing the performance of school principals, and provide the basis for optimal decision-making, selection and correct selection.- انتشار مقاله: 09-05-1399
- نویسندگان: Fereshteh Ghaemi,Seyed Mohammad Mirkamali,Reza Rostami,Keyvan Salehi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Geophysics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Potential field,Curvature attributes,Special function
- چکیده: A quadratic surface can be fitted to potential-field data within 3×3 windows, which allow us to calculate curvature attributes from its coefficients. Phillips (2007) derived an equation depending on the most negative curvature to obtain the depth and structural index of isolated sources from peak values of special functions. They divided the special functions into two categories: Model-specific special functions (including Horizontal Gradient Magnitude (HGM) and absolute value) and Model-independent special functions (including Local Wavenumber (LW) and Total Gradient (TG)). We used the normalized source strength (NSS) as a new model-independent special function to estimate depth and shape factor of gravity and magnetic sources. It has its peak directly over the potential field sources (even for dipping sources), and is independent of magnetization direction in magnetic cases. Spurious results are removed by applying a threshold on the shape index attribute and the shape factor.
In this study, the method has been applied on noisy and noise-free synthetic models. For depth estimation of complex sources, we first estimated the depth and structural index from local wavenumber special function. Then, it was used as input to TG and NSS special functions. Finally, this method was tested on real data from Safoo Manganese ore, Northwest of Iran.- چکیده انگلیسی: A quadratic surface can be fitted to potential-field data within 3×3 windows, which allow us to calculate curvature attributes from its coefficients. Phillips (2007) derived an equation depending on the most negative curvature to obtain the depth and structural index of isolated sources from peak values of special functions. They divided the special functions into two categories: Model-specific special functions (including Horizontal Gradient Magnitude (HGM) and absolute value) and Model-independent special functions (including Local Wavenumber (LW) and Total Gradient (TG)). We used the normalized source strength (NSS) as a new model-independent special function to estimate depth and shape factor of gravity and magnetic sources. It has its peak directly over the potential field sources (even for dipping sources), and is independent of magnetization direction in magnetic cases. Spurious results are removed by applying a threshold on the shape index attribute and the shape factor.
In this study, the method has been applied on noisy and noise-free synthetic models. For depth estimation of complex sources, we first estimated the depth and structural index from local wavenumber special function. Then, it was used as input to TG and NSS special functions. Finally, this method was tested on real data from Safoo Manganese ore, Northwest of Iran.- انتشار مقاله: 22-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Barazesh,Seyed-Hani Motavalli-Anbaran
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Geophysics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),Zagros Mountains,Gravity Data
- چکیده: Estimating the lateral depth variations of the Earth’s crust from gravity data is a non-linear ill-posed problem. The ill-posedness of the problem is due to the presence of noise in the data, and also the non-uniqueness of the problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a stochastic population-based optimizer, originally inspired by the social behavior of fish schools and bird flocks. PSO is a global search method, meaning that it has the ability to escape local minima. In addition, PSO is an iterative method, wherein an initial solution is chosen randomly and then improved iteratively until the algorithm finds a solution close enough to the global minimum. Herein, the inverse problem of estimating the thickness of the crust from gravity anomalies is formulated as a single objective optimization problem and is solved by PSO. The method is first tested on a realistic synthetic crustal model both with and without the presence of white Gaussian noise (WGN). Then it is applied to the gravity data from EIGEN-6c4, the latest combined global gravity model, in order to find the base of the crust in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) and compare the results with those of other geophysical methods. The assumed crustal model is one with a linear density gradient in which the densities at both the surface and the base of the crust are fixed. Results agree well with the previously published works including both seismic and potential field studies.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Estimating the lateral depth variations of the Earth’s crust from gravity data is a non-linear ill-posed problem. The ill-posedness of the problem is due to the presence of noise in the data, and also the non-uniqueness of the problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a stochastic population-based optimizer, originally inspired by the social behavior of fish schools and bird flocks. PSO is a global search method, meaning that it has the ability to escape local minima. In addition, PSO is an iterative method, wherein an initial solution is chosen randomly and then improved iteratively until the algorithm finds a solution close enough to the global minimum. Herein, the inverse problem of estimating the thickness of the crust from gravity anomalies is formulated as a single objective optimization problem and is solved by PSO. The method is first tested on a realistic synthetic crustal model both with and without the presence of white Gaussian noise (WGN). Then it is applied to the gravity data from EIGEN-6c4, the latest combined global gravity model, in order to find the base of the crust in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) and compare the results with those of other geophysical methods. The assumed crustal model is one with a linear density gradient in which the densities at both the surface and the base of the crust are fixed. Results agree well with the previously published works including both seismic and potential field studies.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-06-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Jamasb,Seyed-Hani Motavalli-Anbaran
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Geophysics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Potential Field Data,Surface-derived attributes,most positive curvature,Maximum Curvature,Shape Index,zero contours
- چکیده: This paper describes an edge detection method based on surface-derived attributes. The surface-derived attributes are widely used in the interpretation ofseismic datain two main categories: (1) derivative attributes including the dip angle and the azimuth; (2) derivative attributes including curvature attributes. In general, the magnitude of the normal curvature of a surface (curvature attributes) can be expressed in terms of derivatives of that surface which are called the first and second fundamental forms of the surface. For a quadratic surface which fits data, it is shown that the dip-angle equation in the interpretation of the seismic data is similar to the horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM) equation in the interpretation of potential field data. Among the infinite number of curvature attributes, a few of them which are suitable for edge detection are shown. The coefficients of a quadratic surface are calculated using the least square method. At a particular point, the attributes are obtained using these coefficients. Zero contours of most positive curvature and the determinant of the curvature matrix delineate the location of the edges of anomalies. Theshape indexattributequantitatively reflects the local shape of the surface over sources in terms of cap, dome, ridge, saddle, rut, trough and cup.Here, the maximum curvature is introduced as a new technique to detect the horizontal location of anomalies. First, the introduced attributes were applied to the noise-free synthetic data. Then, the data with the noise added were used to check the stability of the method. In the presence of high-level noise, this method was successful in determining boundaries of the anomalies.Zero contoursof the most positive curvature, the determinant of curvature matrix and the maximum curvature properly illustratethe linear features within the mapped surface. The results of using surface-derived attributes were compared with tilt angle and HGM filters. This comparison showed that zero contours of the most positive and maximum curvature attributes are approximately matched with zero contours of the tilt angle and maximum values of HGM. Finally, this method was used for real data from Mobrun massive sulfide ore of Canada.MATLAB softwarewas used for programming and calculating the required parameters of this method.
- چکیده انگلیسی: This paper describes an edge detection method based on surface-derived attributes. The surface-derived attributes are widely used in the interpretation ofseismic datain two main categories: (1) derivative attributes including the dip angle and the azimuth; (2) derivative attributes including curvature attributes. Â Â In general, the magnitude of the normal curvature of a surface (curvature attributes) can be expressed in terms of derivatives of that surface which are called the first and second fundamental forms of the surface. For a quadratic surface which fits data, it is shown that the dip-angle equation in the interpretation of the seismic data is similar to the horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM) equation in the interpretation of potential field data. Among the infinite number of curvature attributes, a few of them which are suitable for edge detection are shown. The coefficients of a quadratic surface are calculated using the least square method. At a particular point, the attributes are obtained using these coefficients. Zero contours of most positive curvature and the determinant of the curvature matrix delineate the location of the edges of anomalies. Theshape indexattributequantitatively reflects the local shape of the surface over sources in terms of cap, dome, ridge, saddle, rut, trough and cup.Here, the maximum curvature is introduced as a new technique to detect the horizontal location of anomalies. Â Â First, the introduced attributes were applied to the noise-free synthetic data. Then, the data with the noise added were used to check the stability of the method. In the presence of high-level noise, this method was successful in determining boundaries of the anomalies.Zero contoursof the most positive curvature, the determinant of curvature matrix and the maximum curvature properly illustratethe linear features within the mapped surface. The results of using surface-derived attributes were compared with tilt angle and HGM filters. This comparison showed that zero contours of the most positive and maximum curvature attributes are approximately matched with zero contours of the tilt angle and maximum values of HGM. Finally, this method was used for real data from Mobrun massive sulfide ore of Canada.MATLAB softwarewas used for programming and calculating the required parameters of this method.
- انتشار مقاله: 21-05-1394
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Barazesh,Seyed-Hani Motavalli-Anbaran,Hojjat Ghorbanian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Gas Processing Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Silver,Ethylene Epoxidation,Ethylene Oxide,Rhenium,Strontium Titanate
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: CO2 plays the most important role in pollution due to greenhouse gases, which causes global warming and climate change. Unfortunately, CO2 emission has increased significantly in recent decades. So, it is crucial to capture CO2. On the other hand, CO2 can be utilized for commercial products. There is plenty of CO2 utilization such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), producing methanol, salicylic acid, urea, and so on. This paper tries to consider the applications of CO2 emitted from ethane treatment units of the Asalouyeh gas processing plant. But selecting the best application is a complex issue. A multi-criteria decision-making method, fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution), considering economic, technical, and environmental aspects have been used to find the best application for CO2 utilization. Considering 10 criteria and comparing options with sensitivity analysis in 32 different modes, the results show that methanol production is often the best option and salicylic acid production is the worst option. It should be noted that the increase in the harvest with a very close distance in the majority of cases is the second priority.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Gholamreza Salehi,Seyed Sajjad Jalali,Mohammad Sadegh Noroozieh,Mir Iraj Araghi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Geopersia
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Decision Tree,Predictive model,Seismic Hazard Map
- چکیده: ارزیابی خطرات لرزه ای شامل تعیین احتمال، اندازه و محل وقوع زمین لرزه در یک منطقه می باشد. پیش بینی خطرات لرزه ای اولین گام در کاهش تاثیر آسیب های ناشی از زلزله است. در این مطالعه با بهره گیری از روش طبقه بندی و رگرسیون داده کاوی و استفاده از کلیه پارامترهای موجود که احتمالا بر وقوع زلزله بالای 4.5 ریشتر تاثیر می گذارند ، قوانین حاکم بر لرزه خیزی استخراج گردیده است. این قوانین بر اساس تعداد زیادی از پارامترهای زمین شناسی و ژئوفیزیکی ایران استخراج و بر اساس آنها نقشه پیش بینی کننده لرزه خیزی ایران، که مناطق با لرزه خیزی بالا رانشان میدهد، تهیه شده است. مدل بر اساس داده های لرزه ای از سال 1900 تا 2006 تهیه و بر اساس داده های لرزه ای سال 2007 تا 2015 اعتبار سنجی گردیده است. همچنین مدل، پارامترهایی که دارای بیشترین اهمییت در وقوع زلزله هستند را تعیین می نماید. نتایج حاکی از آنست که ناهنجاری ایزوستازی، دارای بالاترین اهمییت در وقوع زلزله در ایران می باشد. ویژگی شاخص این تحقیق ارائه روشی نوین برای تولید نقشه خطر لرزه ای به صورت آنلاین یا آفلاین که به صورت خودکار و به سهولت تهیه می شود، است.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Assessing seismic hazards involves specifying the likelihood, magnitude and location of earthquakes in a region. Predicting the seismic hazards is the first step in reducing the impact of the damage caused by an earthquake. In this study, to fully utilize all the known parameters which may possibly affect the occurrence of earthquakes (mb ≥ 4.5); a data-driven rule-extraction method called the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) was used to find the rules governing the earthquakes that occur. The method produces Predictive Rule Based Seismicity Map (PRBSM) of Iran that shows regions with high earthquake hazards. The rules are based on a large number of geophysical and geological parameters. The PRBSM has been built based on earthquake data from the year 1900 up to the end of 2006 and has been validated using earthquakes from 2007 to the end of 2015. In addition, this method allows for the identification of the most important combination of parameters associated with earthquakes. For example, the isostatic anomaly has the highest correlation with earthquakes in Iran. A distinctive character of this paper is the predictive rule based method which can create online as well as offline maps which are flexible and readily automated
- انتشار مقاله: 03-03-1395
- نویسندگان: Marziyeh Khalili,Ahmad Zamani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Curriculum,Research,paramedical students,Educational
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Today, conducting research is among the most important skills in medical sciences, and plays a significant role in terms of improving students’ learning and their career prospects. This study aimed to evaluate the research factors in the curriculum of paramedical faculty at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The statistical population included the students at the paramedical faculty of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Simple random sampling was applied and 224 students were selected. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was determined based on the opinions of professors and experts, and its reliability was measured at 0.87 using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: From the paramedical students’ viewpoints, a number of research factors in the curriculum like individual factors (1.70), motivational factors (2.05), service delivery factors (2.11), and cultural administrative factors (1.78) are not in a favorable situation (p <0.05). Besides, in terms of prioritization, the service delivery factors of research in the curriculum have the greatest importance, and the individual factors have the least importance. Conclusion: The authorities, curriculum planners, and medical practitioners must take the necessary measures to enhance the presence of research factors in the curriculum of paramedical students.
- انتشار مقاله: 05-01-1399
- نویسندگان: Ahmad Malekipour,Seyyed Mohammad Ali Mirjalili
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: mental health,Distance education,Social Learning,Community Health Education,Women’s Health
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background Nowadays, there is an ongoing development in virtual social networks and their application for patients' support, diagnosis, self-care, and education. On the other hand, applying short messages as the easiest, simplest, and cheapest way of presenting information would be helpful in this regard. Thus, in this study the effect of social network and sending short messages was assessed on negative thinking status of women. Methods This was an experimental study with pretest-posttest design performed in 2015. Out of 1165 women in Mohajeran city, 75 were randomly assigned into three groups of social network, short message, and control. The participants received a compact disc containing e-content about reducing negative thoughts. They filled out the Crandell cognition inventory (CCI) before and immediately after the intervention and also one month later for assessing their negative thoughts. A Telegram group was established for the social network group while follow-up short messages were sent for the other intervention group. SPSS V.21 was used for data analysis by paired t test, one way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and repeated measures tests. Validity (in terms of content and structure) of the questionnaire was confirmed by comments from experts and professors and Bartlett test (KMO = 0.846, p and lt; 0.001); the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.69) and test-retest coefficient (0.928). Results There were significant differences between pretest and posttest scores in social network, short message, and control groups (P value 0.45, 0.001 and lt; 0.001 and lt; respectively). There were also significant differences between pretest and follow-up scores in the abovementioned groups (P value 0.003, 0.012, 0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in the follow-up scores between three groups (P = 0.917). Conclusions The results showed that multimedia e-content merely would reduce participants’negative thoughts. Therefore, providing multimedia e-content could be beneficial in improving the effectiveness of public health education.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Parvin Razmgah,Rita Mojtahedzadeh,Somayyeh Borjaliloo,Aeen Mohammadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Propolis,Trachyspermum ammi,combined effect,food pathogenic bacteria
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Natural compounds including essential oils (EOs) are used to inhibit the pathogenic bacterial growth in foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of Trachyspermum ammi EO and propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) on some food pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the effect of T. ammi EO and PEE at different concentrations, individually and in combination, on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. Moreover, the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of EO and extract on E. coli and S. aureus growth curve was determined. The results revealed the synergistic effect of T. ammi EO and PEE on S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes. The effects of EO and extract sub-inhibitory concentrations on bacterial growth curve resulted in an increased lag phase of the culture and decelerated bacterial growth, especially S. aureus. The results showed that T. ammi EO and PEE, especially when combined, are effective in bacterial growth inhibition and their potential use in food systems is recommended.
- انتشار مقاله: 15-07-1396
- نویسندگان: Ashkan Jebelli Javan,Shaghayegh Salimiraad,Bijan Khorshidpour
- مشاهده