در هنگام جستجو کلمه در قسمت عنوان میتوانید کلمات مورد جستجو را با کاراکتر (-) جدا کنید.
کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Tobacco,Iran,Laws,Control
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death in the world, killing nearly 6 million people annually. This article is an investigation of measures implemented laws in the Iran to study the proposed strategy of control and reduce tobacco use based on the monitor, protect, offer, warn, enforce and raise (MPOWER) policy.Methods: All laws approved by the Parliament along with the instructions on tobacco control prepared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade were collected and studied. Moreover, practical steps of Ministry of Health and other organizations were examined in this regard.Findings: Iranian Parliament after the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) acts to create a comprehensive and systematic program for tobacco control legislation as a first step towards comprehensive national tobacco control and combat. In this law and its implementing guidelines and based on the strategy of MPOWER, specific implement is done to monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect people from tobacco smoke, offer help to quit tobacco use, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raise taxes on tobacco. However, the full objectives of the legislation have not achieved yet.Conclusion: According to Iran’s membership in the FCTC and executive producer of tobacco control laws and regulations, necessary infrastructure is ready for a serious fight with tobacco use. In Iran, in comparison with developed countries, there is a huge gap between ratified laws and performing of laws.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-02-1396
- نویسندگان: Mahmood Alimohammadi,Hossein Jafari-Mansoorian,Seyed Yaser Hashemi,Victoria Momenabadi,Seyed Mehdi Ghasemi,Kamaladdin Karimyan
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: hookah,Consumption of tobacco products,risk factors
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: An increase in hookah smoking is considered to be a serious health problem in societies with different cigarette smoking patterns. Thus, determinants of increase in this behavior are needed to be identified. This study aimed to review the articles related to the causes of hookah smoking in the society.Methods: This study reviewed the scientific references of authentic databases and journals, including Web of Science, PubMed, Iranian Databases, Elsevier, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CDC, and World Health Organization (WHO). Overall, 84 scientific studies conducted during 1990-2015 were collected.Results: Several studies on the prevalence of smoking hookah and its associated factors in the society suggested that numerous factors played a role in interest in smoking hookah. The most common reasons for individuals’ inclination to smoke hookah were positive viewpoints toward smoking hookah, wrong beliefs about its low risks, presumed lack of addiction, social acceptance, ease of access, wrong cultural habits, and regulative weakness.Conclusion: Evidence indicated that a large spectrum of individual and social factors was effective in various levels of hookah consumption. Besides, it seems that single-component interventions and those solely based on individual factors could not result in effective prevention. On the other hand, interventions based on ecological approaches are suggested in this regard. Overall, it is essential to focus on the exclusion of positive viewpoints toward hookah, develop the ability to say “no,” relaxation, and resistance against temptations to smoke hookah, culturalization, and regulation of strong laws.
- انتشار مقاله: 02-04-1395
- نویسندگان: Victoria Momenabadi,Mohammad Hossein Kaveh,Seyed Yaser Hashemi,Vahid Reza Borhaninejad
- مشاهده