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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Education,Pedagogic Courses,PhD Students
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Many PhD students will continue their academic career as university lecturers; therefore they should be familiar with presentation skills. Most universities around the world offer postgraduate pedagogic courses in their PhD curriculums, while such courses are not included in most Iranian PhD programs. Thus at the Education Development Office of Mashhad Medical School, we offered the pedagogic courses for PhD students and thereafter the viewpoints of these students about such courses in the PhD training programs were assessed.
Methods: Thirty two PhD students attended the "pedagogic skills" course held at School of Medicine of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2012. The students were divided in three smaller groups for workshops presented by experts in educational development office. At the end of each workshop, students’ points of view were evaluated using a questionnaire prepared based on Likert rating scale.
Results: The majority of respondents (96.87%) have evaluated the importance of pedagogic workshops as high to very high levels. The relationship of the pedagogic training and their future career was assessed as high to very high by 93.75% (p < 0.01). Also, according to most PhD students (93.75%), the addition of such courses to PhD program was highly beneficial (p < 0.01). Students (68.75%) stated that the topics discussed in this pedagogic training were new to them and they agreed to participate in further pedagogic trainings in future (87.5%).
Conclusion: The pedagogic courses should be considered of high importance, and accordingly should be included in PhD training curriculums of the universities. This strategy will result in training more successful lecturers and will help to promote education at the universities which is an ultimate goal of the educational systems.- انتشار مقاله: 23-06-1391
- نویسندگان: Farnaz Zahedi Avval,Fahimeh Pourhaji,Masoud Youssefi,Fatemeh Pourhaji,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antioxidant,Spinal anesthesia,Diabetic foot,General anesthesia,Lipid peroxide,Foot amputation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Anesthesia is performed in two major methods including regional and general.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of anesthesia method (spinal and general) on oxidative stress in
diabetic patients underwent diabetic amputation surgery.
Methods: In this randomized control trial, 40 patients with diabetic foot who were candidate for foot amputation
surgery at our academic hospital in 2013, were selected and divided into two groups based on anesthesia method.
Lipid peroxide level and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured before anesthesia induction and one
hour after surgery. As the normal range, the findings obtained from 23 healthy volunteers were utilized.
Results: Mean age was 54.9±11.21 and 52.4±11.23 years in the spinal anesthesia (SA) and the general anesthesia
(GA) group, respectively (P=0.49). Serum TAC in GA group increased from 1.03±0.04 mM to 2.98±0.7 mM. In SA
group, the increase of serum TAC from 1.22±0.11 mM to 3.42±0.5 mM was observed that indicated the increase of
serum TAC in both groups was not significantly different (P=0.21). Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) in GA and SA
groups did not show a significant difference before surgery (31.14±3.9 mM vs. 29.06±2.49 mM in GA and SA groups,
respectively) (P=0.31), while it was significantly different after surgery (23.14±2.6 mM and 19.24±2.7 mM in GA and SA
groups, respectively) (P=0.03).
Conclusion: lower limb amputation can help to control oxidative stress in diabetic patients; and considering serum
MDA as a marker of oxidative stress, SA seems to be more effective to control this problem.- انتشار مقاله: 07-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Arash Peivandi Yazdi,Alireza Bameshki,Maryam Salehi,Gholamhosein Kazemzadeh,Majid Sharifian Razavi,Shaghayegh Rahmani,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antioxidant,Spinal anesthesia,Diabetic foot,General anesthesia,Lipid peroxide,Foot amputation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Anesthesia is performed in two major methods including regional and general.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of anesthesia method (spinal and general) on oxidative stress in
diabetic patients underwent diabetic amputation surgery.
Methods: In this randomized control trial, 40 patients with diabetic foot who were candidate for foot amputation
surgery at our academic hospital in 2013, were selected and divided into two groups based on anesthesia method.
Lipid peroxide level and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured before anesthesia induction and one
hour after surgery. As the normal range, the findings obtained from 23 healthy volunteers were utilized.
Results: Mean age was 54.9±11.21 and 52.4±11.23 years in the spinal anesthesia (SA) and the general anesthesia
(GA) group, respectively (P=0.49). Serum TAC in GA group increased from 1.03±0.04 mM to 2.98±0.7 mM. In SA
group, the increase of serum TAC from 1.22±0.11 mM to 3.42±0.5 mM was observed that indicated the increase of
serum TAC in both groups was not significantly different (P=0.21). Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) in GA and SA
groups did not show a significant difference before surgery (31.14±3.9 mM vs. 29.06±2.49 mM in GA and SA groups,
respectively) (P=0.31), while it was significantly different after surgery (23.14±2.6 mM and 19.24±2.7 mM in GA and SA
groups, respectively) (P=0.03).
Conclusion: lower limb amputation can help to control oxidative stress in diabetic patients; and considering serum
MDA as a marker of oxidative stress, SA seems to be more effective to control this problem.- انتشار مقاله: 07-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Arash Peivandi Yazdi,Alireza Bameshki,Maryam Salehi,Gholamhosein Kazemzadeh,Majid Sharifian Razavi,Shaghayegh Rahmani,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Reviews in Clinical Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Prevalence,Enterobacteriaceae,Resistance,Gram-Negative Rods,Pseudomonas spp,Acinetobacter spp,Colistin
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: In recent decades, the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the existence of transferable resistant elements have caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative organisms. Antimicrobial resistance is becoming one of the major challenges to public health and has caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the prevalence and frequency of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) in Iran and around the world.
Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched international and national databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran, from 1998 to 2018 for articles and abstracts describing colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli. We have included 92 studies that met our inclusion criteria, and the outcomes were combined using a random-effects model to derive the event rate of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli. Data were analyzed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (V2), and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index.
Results: Out of the 11050 papers identified, 92 studies met the strict inclusion criteria and were finally included. The overall event rate of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli (GNB) was about 6.6%, while the event rate of colistin resistance among Acinetobacter spp. (n = 18504) was 2.8% (summary: 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.02, 0.041], P = 0.001, I2 = 70, df (Q) = 36, Q-value = 121.924). The colistin resistance among Pseudomonas spp. (n = 15094) was 3% (95% CI: [0.022, 0.041], P = 0.001, I2 = 68.3, df (Q) = 25, Q-value = 85.648), and the colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae spp. (n = 44772) was 0.8% (95% CI: [0.004, 0.014], P = 0.001, I2 = 87.6, df (Q) = 15, Q-value = 71.291). Therefore, the event rate of resistance to colistin among GNB was relatively low (6.6%).
Conclusion: The event rate of resistance to colistin among GNB was low. Therefore, this antimicrobial agent can still be administered as a suitable option against GNB that are resistant to other antibiotics such as carbapenems.- انتشار مقاله: 01-04-1399
- نویسندگان: Razieh Amirfakhrian,Atieh Yaghobi,Roya Saddat Ghaderi,Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Kiarash Ghazvini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Reviews in Clinical Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: dementia,rifampicin,Mycobacterium Tuberculosis,BCG,Alzheimer's
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Atieh Yaghoubi,Kiarash Ghazvini,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Reviews in Clinical Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Prevalence,Enterobacteriaceae,Resistance,Gram-Negative Rods,Pseudomonas spp,Acinetobacter spp,Colistin
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: In recent decades, the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the existence of transferable resistant elements have caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative organisms. Antimicrobial resistance is becoming one of the major challenges to public health and has caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the prevalence and frequency of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) in Iran and around the world.
Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched international and national databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran, from 1998 to 2018 for articles and abstracts describing colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli. We have included 92 studies that met our inclusion criteria, and the outcomes were combined using a random-effects model to derive the event rate of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli. Data were analyzed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (V2), and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index.
Results: Out of the 11050 papers identified, 92 studies met the strict inclusion criteria and were finally included. The overall event rate of colistin resistance among gram-negative bacilli (GNB) was about 6.6%, while the event rate of colistin resistance among Acinetobacter spp. (n = 18504) was 2.8% (summary: 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.02, 0.041], P = 0.001, I2 = 70, df (Q) = 36, Q-value = 121.924). The colistin resistance among Pseudomonas spp. (n = 15094) was 3% (95% CI: [0.022, 0.041], P = 0.001, I2 = 68.3, df (Q) = 25, Q-value = 85.648), and the colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae spp. (n = 44772) was 0.8% (95% CI: [0.004, 0.014], P = 0.001, I2 = 87.6, df (Q) = 15, Q-value = 71.291). Therefore, the event rate of resistance to colistin among GNB was relatively low (6.6%).
Conclusion: The event rate of resistance to colistin among GNB was low. Therefore, this antimicrobial agent can still be administered as a suitable option against GNB that are resistant to other antibiotics such as carbapenems.- انتشار مقاله: 01-04-1399
- نویسندگان: Razieh Amirfakhrian,Atieh Yaghobi,Roya Saddat Ghaderi,Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Kiarash Ghazvini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Reviews in Clinical Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: dementia,rifampicin,Mycobacterium Tuberculosis,BCG,Alzheimer's
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Atieh Yaghoubi,Kiarash Ghazvini,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Statement of the Problems: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species play important roles in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Isoprostanes show oxidative stress and are formed by free-radical mediated lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid and cell membrane phospholipids.Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the plasma level of 8-isoprostane in patients suffering from erosive and non-erosive forms of OLP.Materials and Method: In this case-control study, 31 patients with OLP and 30 control subjects were enrolled. Plasma samples were obtained and the level of 8-isoprostane was measured with Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both groups. The data were analyzed by using two-sample t-test, chi-square and ANOVA tests.Results: The results showed significant increase in the plasma level of 8-isoprostane in OLP group compared with the control group. The results of independent t-test revealed no significant correlation between the plasma level of isoprostane and sex, smoking, or previous treatment.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, oxidative stress was increased in patients with OLP, reflected by higher concentrations of 8-isoprostane in plasma.Key Words: Oral Lichen Planus; Isoprostane; Oxidative Stress
- انتشار مقاله: 06-10-1393
- نویسندگان: Maryam Amirchaghmaghi,Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Banafsheh Alirezaei,Fereshteh Jahed Keyhani,Sanaz Kargozar,Samaneh Vasigh,Shideh Gharaei,Atessa Pakfetrat
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Thioredoxin,Post-translational Modification,Thioredoxin Reductase
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The thioredoxin system, comprising thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH, is one of the major cellular antioxidant systems, implicated in a large and growing number of biological functions. Trx acts as an oxidoreductase via a highly conserved dithiol/disulfide motif located in the active site ( Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro- Cys-Lys-). Different factors are involved in the regulation of Trx activity, including its expression level, localization, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications and some chemical inhibitors. Mammalian TrxRs are selenoproteins which have a –Cys-Val-Asn-Val-Gly-Cys- N-terminal active site, as well as a C-terminal selenium-containing active site. Besides two Cys-residues in the redox-regulatory domain of cytosolic Trx (Trx1), human Trx1 has three additional Cys-residues. Post-translational modifications of human Trx1 which are involved in the regulation of its activity can happen via modification of Cys-residues including thiol oxidation, glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation or via modification of other amino acid residues such as nitration of Tyr-49. Because of the numerous functions of the thioredoxin system, its inhibition (mainly happens via the targeting TrxR) can result in major cellular consequences, which are potentially pro-oxidant in nature, leading to cell death via necrosis or apoptosis if overexpression of Trx and other antioxidative enzymes can not recuperate cell response. Considering this feature, several anticancer drugs have been used which can inhibit TrxR. Elevated levels of Trx and/or TrxR have been reported in many different human malignancies, positively correlated with aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. Moreover, anti-oxidative and anti- apoptotic effects of Trx are reasons to study its clinical application as a drug.
- انتشار مقاله: 31-06-1394
- نویسندگان: Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Curriculum,Medical education,Medical student,Reform
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Integration is accepted as an important strategy in medical education and its final results depend on organizing different topics. In this method, the subjects (based on content) which are often included separately in a curriculum, are integrated in order to link and combine the content of the curriculum to create a cohesive learning experience. Development of this method is among the objectives of the medical education reform.
Methods: The present applied cross-sectional study was performed on a statistical population (n=602) consisting of general medicine students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences at the level of basic sciences. The participants were selected using the census sampling method and included 150 and 130 students who were admitted in February 2017 (the reformed curriculum) and in February 2016 (the conventional curriculum), respectively. The curriculums were compared in terms of learning outcomes and the number of vulnerable students. Moreover, the research hypotheses were tested using the independent t-test and chi-square test in SPSS software (version 22).
Results: Based on the findings, with 95% confidence, the learning outcomes of the students who followed the reformed curriculum were better than those of the students who followed the conventional curriculum. According to the analysis of the collected data, the mean learning outcomes for the conventional and the reformed curriculum groups were 14.30±3.28 and 16.76±2.80 for the subject of anatomy, 14.10±2.62 and 15.13±2.93 for the subject of physiology, and 14.35±3.13 and 15.44±2.85 for the subject of biochemistry. However, no significant difference was observed in the number of vulnerable students in two groups.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, basic sciences curriculum reform in medical education can improve the academic achievement of the general medicine students.- انتشار مقاله: 09-04-1399
- نویسندگان: Seyed Isaac Hashemy,Haniye Mastour
- مشاهده