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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Estradiol,Seizure,Soybean,Ovariectomized
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background In many epileptic women, the ovarian cycle influences the risk and severity of seizures. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the neural excitatory effects of estrogen. Soybean is a rich source of plant estrogens. Therefore, soy intake can affect the risk and severity of seizures in women. Nurses and midwives need to be aware of the effects of diets containing estrogen in pregnant and post-menopausal women, as well as during the sexual cycle periods. Objectives Due to the limitations of human studies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of estradiol and soy extract on the onset of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, sixty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten. All of the groups except for the negative control groups were ovariectomized. One group received estradiol (100 µg/kg), one group was treated with alcoholic extract of soy (20 mg/kg), and the other group received vehicle over 28 days. PTZ (90 mg/kg) was used to induce seizure in all groups. Behavioral changes were observed over 30 minutes. All data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results The mean ± SD of the clonic seizure threshold was 61.84 ± 8.53 in the group that received estradiol, while it was 71.70 ± 10.85 in the control group, 64.69 ± 3.23 in rats with laparotomy without removing the ovaries, 51.30 ± 6.84 in rats with laparotomy and removing the ovaries, 52.7 ± 7.18 in ovariectomized rats that received sesame oil as vehicle, and 59.2 ± 4.91, in the soy groups. Therefore, estradiol significantly increased the clonic seizure threshold, while the alcoholic extract of soy had no effect. Conclusions We concluded that the chronic administration of estradiol has an anticonvulsant effect in the animal model. However, alcoholic extract of soy has no effect on the onset of clonic seizures.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Nastaran Afsordeh,Azhdar Heydari,Mahmoud Salami,Samaneh Sadat Alavi,Elaheh Arbabi,Sara Karimi,Gholamali Hamidi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Amygdala,morphine dependence,naloxone,Nitric oxide
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s) Single injection of naloxone, a selective antagonist of morphine, prior to the drug conditioning testing was used to investigate on morphine dependence. Materials and Methods Conditioning to morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) was established in adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. Nitric oxide agents were microinjected into the central amygdala prior to naloxone-paired place conditioning testing. Results The results showed that morphine produced a significant dose-dependent place preference in animals. Naloxone (0.1-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) injections pre-testing of the response to morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a significant aversion at the higher doses (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.). This response was reversed by microinjection of L-arginine (0.3-3 μg/rat, intra-central amygdala) prior to naloxone on the day of the testing. The response to L-arginine was blocked by pre-injection of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (intra-central amygdala). Conclusion A single injection of naloxone on the test day of morphine place conditioning may simply reveal the occurrence of morphine dependence in rats, and that the nitric oxide in the central amygdala most likely plays a key role in this phenomenon.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-06-1394
- نویسندگان: Mahnaz Rahimpour,Manizheh Karami,Sara Karimi,Abbas Haghparast,Mohammad Reza Jalali,Farzaneh Sabouni
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of School Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: children,autism,feedback,Learning
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental and neurological disorder that impairers many processes as perceptual, motor and cognitive function. Feedback frequency and its influences on ASD aspects indicate conflict impairs. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of feedback in children with autism and comparison with normal children during learning a new throwing task. Patients and Methods: In this study, 21 children with autism and 21 normal children were selected and each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (receiving 0%, 50%, 100% feedback). Participant’s task was throwing beanbags toward the goal. In the acquisition phase, each participant performed 60 throws. Experimentally, group (0%) did not receive any feedback, group (50%) received feedback in half efforts and group (100%) received feedback in all the efforts. The retention test was performed 24 hours after the acquisition phase. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze data. Results: Children with autism showed more learning by 100% feedback. Nonetheless, normal children learned more through reduced feedback (50%). Conclusions: In learning a new task, children with autism bring more performance in high frequency of feedback, but normal children showed better performance using reduced feedback. This finding indicates that children with autism need to get feedback different from normal children in learning.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Mohamad Hossein Zamani,Rouholah Fatemi,Sara Karimi
- مشاهده