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- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Broilers,Artemisinin,biodisposition,multiple oral intake,single dose
- چکیده: زمینه مطالعه: آرتمیزینین معمولاً برای درمان مالاریا استفاده میشود ولی به تازگی به عنوان یک ماده بالقوه برای کنترل کوکسیدیوز طیور بکار میرود. هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین توزیع بافتی آرتمیزینین بدنیال مصرف خوراکی تک دوز یا چندگانه دوزهای بالای آن در جوجه های گوشتی بود. روش کار: 390 جوجه گوشتی یک روز نژاد راس به دو گروه اصلی تقسیم شدند، در جوجههای گروه اول مقادیر mg 0، 1، 5، 25، 125، 250 ، 500 و 1000 به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن آرتمیزینین به صورت تک دوز خوراکی در روز 44 و در گروه دوم جوجهها مقادیر ppm 0 ، 17، 34، 68 و یا 136 آرتمیزینین از روز 8 تا 44 تجویز گردید. برای تعیین سطح آرتمیزینین در نمونههای بافتی مختلف از سامانه HPLC و برای بررسی آماری دادهها از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) و آزمون تکمیلی، توکی (Tukey) استفاده گردید (0.05>p). نتایج: در هر دو گروه بیشترین غلظت آرتمیزینین در کبد جوجههای گوشتی دیده شد که به صورت وابسته به دوز بود. اما، کمترین سطح آرتمیزینین در گروه دریافت کننده دوزهای چندگانه دارو در در مغز وکبد و در گروه دریافت کننده تک دوز در طحال دیده شد. غلظت آرتمیزینین در مغز بدنبال تجویز چندگانه دوز ppm68 و در تجویز تک دوز در دوز mg/kg 125 به حالت ثابت رسیده بود و هیچ تغییری هم با افزایش دوز ایجاد نشد. نتیجهگیرینهایی: میتوان نتیجه گرفت که تجمع بافتی آرتمیزینین وابسته به زمان و دوز است. علاوه بر این، بازتوزیع، اثر اشباعی و انتخاب بافتی نیز دیده شد.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens. METHODS: A total number of 390 one day old Ross broiler chicks were divided randomly into two main groups, in the first group 0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg artemisinin as a single oral dose was administered on day 44, but the second group were treated with 0, 17, 34, 68 or 136 ppm artemisinin from day 8 to day 44. The HPLC system was used to determine the level of artemisinin in different tissue samples. Data were assessed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Maximum concentrations of artemisinin were found in the liver of chickens in both groups in a dose dependent manner. While, the minimum level was determined in the brain and the kidney of chickens received multiple artemisinin administration; in the spleen of those chickens a single oral dose was administered. The concentration of artemisinin in the brain reached a plateau at 68 ppm in multiple administration and 125mg/kg at single dose, no shift was found with dose increment. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that tissue accumulation of artemisinin is time and dose dependent. Moreover, redistribution, saturation effect and tissue selectivity were also observed.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-01-1395
- نویسندگان: Saied Habibian Dehkordi,Hossein Ali Arab,Motahareh Esmaeili,Jahangir Kabutari,Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antibiotics,Biofilm,Pseudomonas,Enterococcus,Staphylococcus,Acinetobacter,Silver nano particles
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Nowadays silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as antimicrobial due to its well known physical, chemical, and biological properties. A large collection of bacterial cells adhering to a surface is called bacterial biofilm. Exposure to silver nano particles (AgNPs) may prevent colonization of new bacteria onto the biofilm.
In the present work, we have investigated whether the biofilm formation of some hospital isolates of pathogenic bacteria can be influenced by AgNPs. Also we examined the susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics in combination with AgNPs.
Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, in addition to nine hospital isolates for each species were used. Tube double serial dilution method for determination of MIC of AgNPs against isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was evaluated by end smooth 96 cells micro titer plates. A disc diffusion method was used to assay the various antibiotics and combinations for bactericidal activity against the isolates.
Mean MICs of AgNPs for Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus were 3.125, 6.25, 6.25 and 12.5 ug/mL. respectively. AgNPs exhibited more than % 90 inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the examined species. The results showed that AgNPs have strong anti bacterial and anti biofilm activity against the examined pathogens. Synergistic effects of AgNPs in combination with gentamicin, kanamycine, cephalosporin and penicillin were observed in different cases.
Ps. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed more sensitivity (increase in fold) to examined antibiotics plus AgNPs compared to A. baumannii and E. faecalis. Our results demonstrated that AgNPs showing promising anti biofilm activity on hospital isolates of Ps. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. faecalis and S. aureus. The study also showed a possible combination of examined antibiotics with AgNPs which concluded as synergism.- انتشار مقاله: 06-09-1395
- نویسندگان: Azizollah Ebrahimi,Hosein Jafferi,Saied Habibian,Sharareh Lotfalian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antimicrobial activity,Iran,Medicinal plants,Endophytes
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Random samples from asymptomatic leaves and branches of five native medicinal plants: Stachys lavandulifolia, Rumex pulcher, Hypericum scabrum, Starja bachteriarica and Achillea kellalensis were collected from Chaharmahal province of Iran and examined for the presence of endophytic bacteria and fungi with biological activity. From 8 isolated endophytic fungi, all displayed considerable activity against at least one indicator fungi. Fungal isolates from R. pulcher leaves and branches showed activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Alternaria spp and S. aureus. Five Bacillus spp strains were isolated from R. pulcher leaves and branches, four (80%) showed activity against S. aureus, and two strains were active against all indicator fungi. Bacillus spp strain isolated from leaves of H. scabrum was active against S. aureus and all 3 indicator fungi. None of the isolated endophytes showed antibacterial activity against E- coli.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-11-1388
- نویسندگان: Azizollah Ebrahimi,Shirin Asgharian,Saied Habibian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advanced Herbal Medicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antibacterial activities,Gram-negative bacteria,Melissa officinalis,Efflux pumps
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and aims: In bacteria using inhibitors of efflux pumps (EPIs) is one of several strategies to combat with bacterial resistance. It is well documented that most medicinal plants especially those with antimicrobial properties composed of elements (EPIs) that disturb the efflux pumps of bacteria.
The current work was designed to evaluate antibacterial activities of ethanol and chlorophorm extracts of Melissa officinalis and also synergistic effects of the extracts with ciprofloxacin against some gram negative pathogenic bacteria. We also examined the inhibitory effects of the extracts on efflux pumps.
Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts alone or in association with ciprofloxacin or phenylalanine arginine β- naphtylamide (PAβN) were determined using broth micro dilution method. Effects of the extracts on efflux pumps of the examined bacteria detected by using ethidium bromide in well diffusion assays.
Results: The extracts from M. officinalis showed antibacterial activities against all examined bacteria in a range of 3125 to 25000 μg/mL as determined by MIC determination.
The extracts from M. officinalis showed synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin on Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii PAβN had no effect on MIC of ciprofloxacin but the association of extracts decreased it. In S. enertidis and E Coli both extracts of M. officinalis increased the amount of ethidium bromide accumulation (i.e. reduced efflux).
Conclusion: The overall results show that associations of fluoroquinolones with extracts of M. officinalis may potentiate the antibacterial effects of fluoroquinolones.- انتشار مقاله: 10-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Azizollah Ebrahimi,Maryam Shahrokhi,Saied Habibian,Sharareh Lotfalian
- مشاهده