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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Pap smear,HIV/AIDS,Sex Worker
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Sex workers and HIV seropositive women are at high risk of abnormal cervical cytology. The objective of this study was to compare the cervical cytology among three groups of women: active sex workers, HIV-infected women, and general population in Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in Hazrat Zeinab, Lavan clinics and drop in center (DIC) in Shiraz, Iran. This study was performed from October 2009 to October 2011. A total of 266 patients were assigned into three groups: sex-workers (85), HIV positive patients (100), and general population (81). Pap smear was performed for all participants from the exocervix and endocervix, using a plastic Ayres’s spatula and cytobrush. The samples were sent to a pathology center, using a liquid-based media. Results: The risk of cervical infection in sex workers and HIV positive women was greater than the general population (OR=5.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.24, 13.40), (OR=3.71, 95% CI:1.52, 9.09), respectively. The frequency of abnormal cervical cytology in the HIV positive and sex worker groups was higher than the general population (OR=6. 76, 95% CI:2.25, 20.32), (OR=3. 80, 95% CI:1.19, 12.07), respectively. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were associated with CD4 cell count<200Í106/L, P=0.021 and P<0.001, respectively.Conclusion: Vaginal infections were seen more often in the sex worker group, and abnormal cervical cytology was greater in the HIV positive group.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-08-1393
- نویسندگان: Homeira Vafaei,Nasrin Asadi,Leila Foroughinia,Alireza Salehi,Safieh Kuhnavard,Mojgan Akbarzadeh,Hamid Reza Ravanbod,Ferdos Mohamadalian,Maryam Kasraeian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Salmonella spp,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,Multidrug Resistance (MDR)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Salmonella enterica serotypes are one of the most important food borne pathogens and significant public health concerns around the world in humans and other animal species. A total of eighty three epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents considered as multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars. Emergence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread in our clinical settings. According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Salmonella clinical isolates are more susceptible to fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins and these drugs may be used as drugs of choice to treat Salmonella infections.
- انتشار مقاله: 26-03-1391
- نویسندگان: Nahid Sepehri Rad,Mohamad Reza Razavi,Seyed Davar Siadat,Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi,Bahareh Rajaei,Somieh Khanjani Jafroodi,Mariam Amin Eshghabadi,Alireza Azizi Saraji,Mohammad Doroudian,Roqiah Gholizadeh Doran Mahaleh,AmadReza Salehi Chaleshtori
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Women,Validation,Persian,Postpartum Depression,EPDS
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian versionof the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression(EPDS) among Iranian mothers in postpartum period.
Materials and Methods: This secondary analysis examines 200 Iranian mothers registered to receive prenatal care in health centers in Kerman, Iran. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling method. The reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were assessed. Model fit index (e.g., the root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]), the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) were calculated.
Results: The overall Cronbach’s α was estimated at 0.70 with subscales ranging from 0.70 to 0.88. EFA identified three factors with extractable eigenvalue >1.00, which accounted for 62% of the total variance. The eigenvalues of the first three factors were 4.11, 1.09, and 1.012. The first factor, labeled "anhedonia", contained items 1 and 2. The second factor, labeled "anxiety", consisted of items 3, 4, and 5, which explain 19.61 of variance. The last factor, labeled "depression", contained items 7, 8, 9, and 10. Item 8 loaded equally on anhedonia and depression factors. The screen plot also suggested three factors. In addition, CFA verified the model extracted from the EFA. The three-factor model displayed an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.06, p=0.001).
Conclusion
The results of EFA, CFA, and internal consistency revealed that the Persian version of 10-item EPDS instrument was valid and reliable, and can be used to screen and identify Iranian mothers with anxiety and depression in postpartum period.- انتشار مقاله: 22-05-1399
- نویسندگان: Tahereh Galini Moghadam,Somayeh Moeindarbary,Fatemeh Vafi Sani,Alireza Salehi,Atefeh Ahmadi,Fahimeh Khorasani,Masumeh Ghazanfarpour
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Political Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Keywords: Non-oil exports,Paintings,Export marketing
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Abstract:
Non-oil exports are increased in the measures taken, to reduce Iran's dependence on oil revenues. Creating new business areas in different sectors and unused capacities are fac-tors that make it imperative to pay attention to the development of non-oil exports. Ex-port growth is the key to economic recovery for governments. Among non-oil exports, in many countries of the world the export of paintings is important. Some countries can be considered as the oldest painting centers in the world. Among these countries, Iran has its own painting techniques. Hence, developing the export of paintings can stimulate the country's part of the non-oil policy. In this research, we seek to identify the effective factors on the marketing of paintings export as one of the policies on non-oil export of the country. For this purpose, as a qualitative study using the Fuzzy Delphi Method and interviewing with 30 experts in the field of cultural products export and the senior man-agers of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the factors influencing the market of export of the paintings were identified. Based on identified factors, sugges-tions were presented in this regard.- انتشار مقاله: 14-06-1398
- نویسندگان: Tooran Taghdimi,Asghar Moshabaki Isfahani,Reza Salehi Amiri,Mehrdad Navabakhsh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Social Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Strategies,Tourism,Challenges,Cultural Tourism,cultural
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 11-07-1392
- نویسندگان: Seyed Reza Salehi Amiri,Saeed Sharifi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Law,equality,Imam Ali (PBUH),Islamic ruler,Justice
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Equality, in fact, is the most fundamental issue in the Islamic worldview and one of the branches of the robust tree of Tawhid. Equality aims at eliminating discrimination and moving toward human ascendency. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on scrutinizing the basic and principal issues related to equality and God-given rights or inalienable rights from Imam Ali’s peace be upon him point of view. Despite a brief period of governance of Islamic society, Imam Ali (PBUH), compared to other periods, paid special attention to the many variations among races, languages, colors, religions and political parties. However, a legal analysis of his words and practice in this regard is of great difficulty, because he was not only a jurist and a mystical as well as ethical leader, but also a metaphysics scholar, a Qur’an exegete, an Islamic legal systems commentator and, a governor. Indeed, no historian or writer, however deft and dexterous he maybe, can draw a true picture of the Commander of the Faithful even in a thousand pages, nor can he explain the dreadful events which took place in his time. The things which this thought of, and acted upon, had not until that point been seen or heard by anyone. It is more than a historian can cover even in a very detailed treatise. Hence, whatever picture of Imam Ali is described by author will inevitably be incomplete. The present article attempts to explain equality before the law, in referring to a competent court and receiving just examination from Imam Ali’s (PBUH) viewpoint.
- انتشار مقاله: 15-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Hamid Reza Salehi,Hamid Reza Salehi,Hamid Reza Salehi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Force majeure,CISG,Impossibility of performance,Contract
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The Impossibility of performance of the contract as an exemption from liability, arising from the breach of contract, is an issue which is discussed in the sale contracts. International Sale of Goods which is enacted in 1980, discusses the matter in its Article 79. The CISG abstains to use such terms as Frustration and Force majeure which are used in national legal systems. This prevention of using such terms thought to be the way that CISG keeps itself independence from national legal systems. As a result the CISG ordains its specific terms and conditions to set up the exemption for damages arising from the breach of contract by the person who has faced impediments and breached the contract. This research studies different aspects of the impossibility of performance of contract in The Convention on the International Sale of Goods, therefore not only it presents the concept and bases of occurrence of the Force majeure, it discusses applicable examples such as sanctions and changes in regulations as Force majeure.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Hamid Reza Salehi,Narges Baqeri-Motlaq
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: cosmetic surgery,plastic surgery,Obligation To The Results,Obligation To The Means,Surgeons
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire and quest of every human-being. According to the history, surgery to improve one’s looks existed in Alexandria and in ancient Rome. Considering the developments and expansions made in the meaning of ''Disease'', the psychiatrists and knowledgeable people at that time, started to declare that the person’s physical defects were a reflection of an inner mental disorder , thus physical features which did not meet a certain degree of perfection were seen as a kind of disease and consequently cosmetic surgical operations aimed at reflecting inner beauty, in this case, mental beauty were seen as the only kind of treatment of this disease. The main doubts regarding the legality of cosmetic surgeries were removed by considering the aim of the treatment of these kinds of surgeries and also the contemporary theories in authorization of surgeries aimed at improving one’s looks, so that cosmetic surgeries now are considered legal and lawful. Although in most legal systems as well as in Islamic countries, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the means, however in some special cases, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the results. In the Iranian's legal system, the nature of surgeons’ obligations has been introduced as the obligation to the results which seems reasonable and logical. So in this article, with a brief description of the history of the subject and the views of proponents and opponents, the nature of surgeons obligations it's been tried to comparatively study. An analytical investigation of the nature of the obligations of the surgeons has been dealt with in some controversial, common and related instances, i.e cosmetic and/or plastic surgery.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Hamid Reza Salehi,Ann Marie Mangion
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Gas Processing Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Silver,Ethylene Epoxidation,Ethylene Oxide,Rhenium,Strontium Titanate
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: CO2 plays the most important role in pollution due to greenhouse gases, which causes global warming and climate change. Unfortunately, CO2 emission has increased significantly in recent decades. So, it is crucial to capture CO2. On the other hand, CO2 can be utilized for commercial products. There is plenty of CO2 utilization such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), producing methanol, salicylic acid, urea, and so on. This paper tries to consider the applications of CO2 emitted from ethane treatment units of the Asalouyeh gas processing plant. But selecting the best application is a complex issue. A multi-criteria decision-making method, fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution), considering economic, technical, and environmental aspects have been used to find the best application for CO2 utilization. Considering 10 criteria and comparing options with sensitivity analysis in 32 different modes, the results show that methanol production is often the best option and salicylic acid production is the worst option. It should be noted that the increase in the harvest with a very close distance in the majority of cases is the second priority.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Gholamreza Salehi,Seyed Sajjad Jalali,Mohammad Sadegh Noroozieh,Mir Iraj Araghi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Gas Processing Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Exergy analysis,exergy destruction,Olefin,Ethylene Plant,Exergetic Efficiency
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: One of the industries with high potential for energy saving is the petrochemical industry. Ethylene and propylene production plants (olefin plants) – as a part of the petrochemical industry – are very energy intensive. So, any try to improve their energy consumption efficiency could lead to a high amount of energy saving. Iran’s petrochemical industry uses old technologies and components and due to sanctions, it couldn’t be improved. The main idea of this paper is to improve the energy consumption of one of the biggest petrochemical plants in Iran. So, Marun olefin plant in Iran has been simulated as a case study and its different parts have been analyzed from exergy point of view, which shows the most energy intensive components so that we can focus on for improving the plant’s energy consumption. The plant has been divided into three sections and simulated using Aspen HYSYS process simulation software. Then, it has been analyzed using exergy analysis. Results show that the hydrogenation and separation section consisting of many different components has the highest exergy destruction rate and the highest potential for energy saving. Compression section and refrigeration system having compressors are the other parts highly destroying exergy respectively. The causes of exergy destruction for each component has been analyzed and recommendations have been proposed as well
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1396
- نویسندگان: Mosayeb Paashang,Seyyed Mohammad Sharifi,Gholamreza Salehi
- مشاهده