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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Inorganic Chemistry Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Schiff base Complexes,Bimetallic complexes,Mercury complexes
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: New hetero-binuclear Hg-Cu Schiff base complexes were prepared by reaction of 2,2'-[1,1'-(2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyldinitrilo)-diethyldyne]diphenolato}copper(II) (CuL1) and 6,6'-X-2,2'-[(2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato copper(II) [(X = ethoxy (CuL2) and methoxy (CuL3)], with HgCl2 to give [Cu(L1)HgCl2] (1), [Cu(L2)HgCl2] (2), and [Cu(L3)HgCl2] (3), respectively. In the precursor Cu(II) complexes (CuL1-CuL3), the coordinated phenolic oxygen atoms and those of the substituents at 3,3'-positions (in 2 and 3) on aromatic ring can act as additional site of coordination to HgCl2 as metallo-ligand to make heterobinuclear Cu-Hg complexes. The H2L1, H2L2, and H2L3 Schiff base ligands were characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR and FT IR techniques. The related binuclear Cu-Hg complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The main coordination sites for the HgCl2 unit are phenolic oxygen atoms and there are also short intramolecular Hg…O (methoxy, and ethoxy segments) contacts in 2 and 3. The crystal packing of 3 shows one-dimensional extended chains along the b-axis through pair of centro-symmetric C–H…Cl interactions. The new complexes crystallize in Pbca (1), P21/n (2), and P21/c (3) space groups.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-02-1393
- نویسندگان: Hadi Kargar,Reza Kia*
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Economic Growth,Education,Human Capital,Economics,Household’s Welfare,Structural Path Analysis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Because of the close relationship between economic growth and well-being, many economists have sought to identify the sources of economic growth. Human capital, through increased quality, increased wages will enhance economic growth .Today, Development Economists studies shows government policy such as Investing in human capital and R&D expenditure affected on Income distribution and reduction of inequality in countries economics.Materials and Methods: This study is based on data of 2011 Iranian social accounting matrix using structural path analysis. The study population was included all the economic sectors and households in Iran. Sim sip -SAM software used for analysis of data.Results: With increase of 1 billion Rial in education sector, income of energy sector, services sector, Health sector, agricultural sector, industrial sector, and mining sector increased 0.0199, 0.0195, 0.0185, 0.0173, 0.012, and 0.0154 respectively. Among the quintile households, the fifth quintile Urban with 0.038 billion will have the greatest impact on expansion of the training and the total household income will increase to the extent of 0.229 billion.Conclusion: Expansion or regards to Education sector caused increase of income in household’s quintiles equally, in result, this issue reduced inequality, thus providing of free education will increase household welfare, economic growth and ultimately the economic development will be strengthened.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehdi Khakian,Mohsen Barouni,Nourolhoda Fakhrzad,Javad Neshani Sadabad,Alireza Khakian,Zeynab Kargar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: morphology,Erythrocyte,Leukocyte,tortoise,Testudo horsfieldii
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this study morphological characterization of leukocyte and erythrocyte were investigated in central Asian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii) in Iran. 7 males and 7 females were used in this study. Erythrocyte and leukocyte morphology were described using Wright´s technique. The sizes of erythrocyte and their nuclei were measured using an ocular micrometer under objective lenses (100x). Results of this study were compared with previous work on the other reptile species. Because there were no significant differences between the erythrocyte size of female and male tortoise, the data from the females and males of individual species were pooled. The mean length of mature erythrocytes was 1.98 µm (± 0.16 SD, with a range 1.10 - 2.50 µm).The mean width of mature erythrocytes was 1.10 µm (± 0.14 SD, with a range of 0.80 - 1.90 µm).The mean length of nucleus was 0.71 µm (± 0.09 SD, with a range of 0.50 - 1.00 µm). The mean width of the nucleus was 0.52 µm (± 0.07 SD, with a range of 0.40 - 0.70µm). Five types of leukocytes were found in the tortoise blood namely basophiles, eosinophils, lymphocytes, heterophils and monocytes.
- انتشار مقاله: 06-10-1391
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Shadkhast,Homayoun-Reza Shabazkia,Amin Bigham-Sadegh,Seyed Ebrahim Shariati,Taji Mahmoudi,Mojdeh Shariffian-Fard
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Identity,political discourse,Discourse Strategy,media discourse,critical discourse
- چکیده: تحقیقات پیشین در زمینه برساخت هویتها در متون سیاسی و رسانه ای عمدتا محدود میشود به مطالعه استراتژیهایی که مجریان سیاست در گفتارشان استفاده میکنند. اما عاملان سیاست بجهت اینکه از قدرت یکسان در استفاده از کلام گفتاری و نوشتاری خود برخوردار نیستند، ممکن است از استراتژیهای مختلفی برای برساخت هویت دیگران استفاده کنند. این تحقیق به بررسی استراتژیهایی که سیاسیون مختلف انگلیسی و فارسی برای برساخت هویت دیگران در گفتار و نوشتار خود استفاده میکنند میپردازد. تعداد 66 متن انگلیسی و فارسی که توسط سه گروه از سیاسیون مختلف (شامل مجریان سیاست، گزارشگران سیاسی و محققین سیاسی) تولید شده بود بطور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. سپس بر اساس روش تحقیق تحلیل انتقادی کلام که توسط ودک ( 2001 ، 2007، 2009 ) ارایه شد، تعداد و نوع استراتژیهای استفاده شده برای برساخت مثبت یا منفی هویتهای دیگران مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل انتقادی کلام در گفتارها و نوشتارهای مربوطه و همچنین آزمونهای خی (کا اسکویر) نشان داد که هم به لحاظ کمیت و هم کیفیت عاملین سیاسی مختلف انگلیسی و فارسی استراتژیهای متفاوتی برای برساخت هویتهای دیگران استفاده میکنند. عاملان فارسی بمراتب بیشتر از عاملان انگلیسی از استراتژیهای ضمنی، غیر مستقیم، پوشیده، بینام و گنگ برای صحبت در مورد دیگران استفاده میکنند. کاربرد نتایج این تحقیق برای تهیه و تدوین مطالب درسی وطراحی برنامه های آموزش زبان جهت بالا بردن آگاهی دانشجویان در سطح پیشرفته مورد بحث قرار گرفت.
- چکیده انگلیسی: Previous research on identity construction in political and media discourse is mostly limited to the study of strategies employed by politicians in their spoken discourse. However, different political agents, by way of assuming different degrees of power, may employ different strategies for the construction of others' identities. This study is set to investigate how political agents differ in the strategies they employ for the linguistic construction of identities across cultures: English and Persian. A total number of 66 English and Persian texts, produced by three groups of political agents (actors, reporters & researchers) were randomly selected. Then, following Wodak's (2001, 2007, 2009) critical discourse analysis approach, they were analyzed in terms of the quality and quantity of the strategies proposed for positive/negative representation of others. The results of the critical discourse analyses as well as Chi-square tests of statistical significance indicated qualitative/quantitative differences in the type and frequency of discourse strategies employed by English and Persian agents. p ersian agents tended to be more indirect, covert and anonymous than their English counterparts by using more implicit strategies for other representation. The implications are drawn for material development and designing teaching programs to raise advanced level students' awareness of the relevant discourse strategies for other representation.
- انتشار مقاله: 08-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Forouzan Rezaei,Reza Ghafar Samar,Gholamreza Kiany
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Professional Development,TEFL,Qualitative Meta-synthesis,Teacher Evaluation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Advancements in theory and practice of Teacher Evaluation maintain that effective teaching is the most important factor in realization of success or failure of an education system. Therefore, any attempt to explore the dynamic and complex nature of teachers' performance is considered critical. In the same vein, this paper is an attempt to introduce a Framework of Reference for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (FRTEFL) at the threshold of I.R. of Iran; a local model aligned with global perspectives. To this end, adapting a qualitative meta-synthesis approach, all possible dimensions of teachers' performance criteria reflected in 17 High-stake resources were explored; scrutinizing the twofold mapping of both curriculum and evaluation standards. For the application of meta-synthesis, grounded coding and thematic analysis was carried out by two research assistants also fifteen teacher training experts participated in validation analysis. The output of meta-synthesis resulted in emergence of overall 6293 Grounded Codes, 1655 Themes, and 218 Super-themes. Based on the results, the framework contains 8 Domains, 35 Key Areas, along with their validation measures: Planning and Preparation for General Pedagogy, Planning and Preparation for Language Pedagogy, Planning and Design for Learning, Management of Learning Environment, Effective Instruction, Organizational Responsibilityand Professionalism, Socio-cultural Capital and Social Agency, and Spirituality, Morality and Theism. The proposed framework is believed to represent a localized framework of teachers' practice in the context of an Islamic Education System, provide considerable implications for enhancement of teachers' professional development, and to be a major step in validation of local and large-scale Teacher Evaluation programs.
- انتشار مقاله: 05-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Sajjad Askari Matin,Gholamreza Kiany,Reza Ghafar Samar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: English Teachers,institutional identity,high school teachers,teacher efficacy
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Teacher identity has recently been under extensive investigations to understand its impacts on and relationships with classroom variables. Considering the effect identity has on individuals, an immediate relationship is that between teacher identity and an index of an effective teaching, i.e. teacher efficacy. The present study tries to understand the possibility of a direct relationship between the two concepts. 37 English teachers were given an efficacy scale to gauge and rank their efficacy indices. The top 5 participants in teacher efficacy list were then regularly observed during an academic semester and interviewed to study their institutional identity. Meanwhile, similar procedure was conducted for 5 teachers with the least teacher efficacy scores, too. Detailed qualitative analysis of interview transcriptions and observation notes revealed the two groups were distinct regarding their institutional identity. In other words, it was shown that institutional identity and teacher efficacy were positively associated with each other.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-03-1390
- نویسندگان: Reza Ghafar Samar,Gholam Reza Kiany,Ramin Akbari,Hadi Azimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: ESP Tests,Washback,teaching ESP,ESP teachers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: High-stakes tests are often used as agents for change, but attempts to introduce change in the classroom are not as effective as their designers wished they would be (Wall, 1997). The English for specific purpose (ESP) tests in Iran are such a case. The primary function of ESP tests in Iran is to select candidates for institutions of higher education (master and doctoral degrees). They are also designed specifically to promote changes in teaching ESP/ English for academic purposes at Iranian universities. This study was set out to examine washback effects of these tests on teaching ESP at Iranian universities. In doing so, data were collected through a questionnaire and classroom observations. The questionnaire was administered to 45 subject specialists teaching at Iranian universities. 10 other ESP teachers were also observed. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Surprisingly enough, the results indicate that the ESP tests have fallen short of the goal. That is, these tests do not lead to innovation in teaching ESP, not do they influence teachers' teaching activities and ESP contents.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-05-1388
- نویسندگان: Gholamreza Kiany,Goodarz Albakhshi,Ramin Akbari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Teaching English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Fluency,Accuracy,Complexity,Lexical Density,planning condition,task structure
- چکیده: بررسی اثر
- چکیده انگلیسی: This study focuses on the effect of different variables on the nature of language performance in the context of task-based instruction. The effects of three different tasks with various inherent structures (the personal, the narrative, and the decision-making tasks), two planning conditions (pre-planning and noplanning), and gender on the variables of fluency, accuracy, complexity, and lexical density were investigated. The findings of the study revealed strong effects of planning on all aspects of learners' performances. Also, significant differences were found among the three tasks with the personal and the narrative tasks resulting in better performance than the decision task. No significant differences were found between males and females groups. In addition, interactions were found between task type and planning condition. The findings justifies the integration of planning time and the use of different tasks in writing courses as they clearly promote some aspects of performance.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-01-1389
- نویسندگان: Gholam Reza Kiany,Reza Ghafar Samar,Sakineh Jafari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Shoulder,Ganglion cyst,Intraarticular,Long head of biceps tendon
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Ganglion cysts commonly occur around the shoulder, mostly in the spinoglenoid and suprascapular notches. We report a very rare case of intra articular Ganglion cyst of the long head of the biceps tendon that originated from the bicipital groove as a rare cause of shoulder pain.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-03-1393
- نویسندگان: Hossein Saremi,Alireza Yavarikia,Ali Karbalaikhani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research in English Language Pedagogy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Proficiency,threshold level,ACTFL,High school EFL teachers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Evaluating teacher candidates’ competencies, demonstrating that they are prepared to teach at high school level is inconceivable without clearly defined and agreed upon standards. Since EFL teachers’ language proficiency levels in the target language is a significant factor in teaching effectiveness, this study intended to set threshold listening, speaking, reading and writing proficiency levels for the Iranian high school EFL teachers based on ACTFL proficiency guidelines. To this end, a concurrent mixed-method qualitative quantitative approach was conducted. Data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews with 40 teacher educators and administering a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire to 212 high school EFL teachers. The results indicated that high school EFL teachers must be able to understand, speak, and write English at a minimum level of Advanced-Low and be able to read English at a minimum level of Advanced-Mid as defined in the ACTFL proficiency scale in order to teach English effectively. The results of this study can be used as benchmarks in prospective high school EFL teachers’ initial certification and licensing and in the design of pre-service EFL teacher education program at Farhangian University.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-12-1396
- نویسندگان: Sadegh Shariatifar,Gholamreza Kiany
- مشاهده