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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Social Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: schools of Islamic geography,Balkh and Iraq school,Yaghoubi's Albaladan,Moqadassi's Ahsan al-Taqasim
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The science of geography, also literally called in Arabic "faces and slices of earth", involves a kind of land survey which emerged into Islam. There were several factors contributing to geography such as command of Islam to learning, Quran geographical themes, pilgrimage routes and wide-range Muslim conquests. This article attempted to examine two major schools of geography in the Islamic world under the influence of Hindi and Iranshahri schools of geography, which include 1. Iraqi school (Baghdad worldview) 2. Balkh school given the centrality of Mecca and the Muslim. Unlike the former, the Balkhi school more attention to the Mulsim world, to the extent that thee followers of Balkhi school consider Mecca as the center of the world, where the geography is religious. The Balkhi School of geography has been based on Islamic data plus adopting a more scientific perspective, whereas the Iraqi school entails a more widespread and more comprehensive geography.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-05-1399
- نویسندگان: Reza Ebadi Jam Khaneh,Sina Foroozesh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: PD-L1,Exhausted T cell,Galectin-9,Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
Background: Deviation of host immune response by engagement of inhibitory receptors is one of the well-known mechanisms of tumor cells for immune evasion and survival. PD-1/PD-L1 and Tim-3/Gal-9 axes are two major pathways in this area which their contribution has been documented in a variety of malignancies. In this study, Gal-9 and PD-L1 expression was investigated in leukemic cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 25 untreated CLL patients and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. CLL patients were classified into different clinical stages based on the Rai staging system. Total RNA was extracted from all samples and applied for cDNA synthesis. Relative expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 mRNA was determined by Real-Time PCR using β-actin as a housekeeping gene. Results: Gal-9 and PD-L1 mRNA was significantly more expressed in CLL patients compared to healthy controls (ppatients in advanced clinical stages showed higher expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 in comparison to patients in early clinical stages (pConclusion: Our promising results regarding over-expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 in CLL patients call future complementary studies to more evaluate and confirm these pathways for immunotherapy approaches of this malignancy. Upregulation of both Gal-9 and PD-L1 in CLL patients with advanced clinical stages introduces them as useful prognostic biomarkers for disease progression.- انتشار مقاله: 21-03-1396
- نویسندگان: Saeid Taghiloo,Esmaeil Allahmoradi,Reza Ebadi,Mohsen Tehrani,Zahra Hosseini-Khah,Ghasem Janbabai,Ramin Shekarriz,Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- مشاهده