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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 22-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical Curricula,Abused Drugs
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Drug abuse is prevalent in all countries across the world and induces variety of adverse effects (1). Health problems arising from drug abuse commonly cause significant health challenges in the affected population and deteriorate many aspects of the patients’ performance and quality of life. Comorbidities are discovered in 60 to 75% of addict patients, suffering from various drug-related disorders (2). Drug dependences and its consequences are of important health problems in Middle Eastern region including Iran(1, 3, 4). Based on a report released in summer 2013 by the Iranian campaign for drug abuse - a national study of prevalence of drug abuse amongst Iranian citizens- the prevalence of the consumption of narcotics and psychotropic substances in the 15-64 year population in Iran is 2.65%. In the studied population, the most commonly abused substances included: opium and its derivatives, crystal meth, crack, heroin, cannabis and ecstasy, respectively. The main consumption routes amongst the users were smoking, eating, snuffing and injection, respectively (5). Drug suppliers and dealers might add various heavy-weight metals to these substances in their preparation process to increase the weight and potential effects (6). Subsequently, drug dependent subjects complain from clinical manifestations which are not related to the abused substance, and could be explained by the additives, such as stomachache and neuropathy (7-10). Economic and pharmacologic adulteration of drugs is common and the most prevalent additives include lead (11, 12), thallium (13, 14) and different mediations including steroids (15, 16) and so the consequences might be extensively variant (17, 18). While controlling or preventing the exposure to intoxication by added impurities to illicit drugs is seemingly impossible, the harms of intoxication by them just can be partially controlled. The timely process of diagnosis of high levels of them in urine and blood, and proper management before is important. Therefore, it is essential for the first-line health respondents and clinicians who manage the admitted poisonous patients to understand the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of these patients. Training on how to manage substance abuse and its toxicological aspects is an interdisciplinary field; while current course plans are focused on clinical, psychological and social domains (19). It seems that modification of the future medical syllabus is required by adding the current paradigm of economic and pharmacological adulteration of the street drugs. Current medical curriculum is adopted from developed countries. Pattern of drug abuse is different in the developing countries (20), which are not fully considered (21). Paradoxically, while there is suitable knowledge and attitude for conducting the high-quality research in Asia, applicable research are not funded (22). Research on large populations and substances in Asia needs regional understandings of the issue as well as incorporating international scientific evidence (23-28). Therefore, an effective curriculum that gives appropriate perspective to the future clinicians should be developed (1, 29-31) to be accountable for the target population (32, 33). Introducing drug adulteration should be added to Iranian medial syllabus. Furthermore, we need to conduct multicenter studies(24) to monitor the current trend to provide the appropriate training contents to the students and medical instructors as well as decision-makers (34). Most updated health technology assessments in regard to the management of these patients are recommended (25, 32, 35, 36).
- انتشار مقاله: 07-04-1394
- نویسندگان: Amir Ghaderi,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Students,Electronically-learning,Family Medicine
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background:Electronically -Learning has created a new horizon in the world of education. The purpose of this is improving the quality of education and conserving (saving) time for teachers and students; this training can facilitate and strengthen the process of review. Since Mashhad University of Medical Sciences trains the applicants for family medicine as MPH virtually, we decided to study the efficiency of this method of trained students in this study.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on primary and secondary students of MPH family medicine in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The questionnaire contains personal information and factors related to the structure and content of education, training method and references page design, was set up. Then, validity of questioner using content validity method and its reliability using test to test were calculated. After collecting all the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS-16 software.
Results: A total of 53 students were enrolled MPH family medicine. 68% (36 people) of students had a record of participation in virtual learning courses. 45% (25 people) considered taking courses virtually has influenced choosing this major. 89% (47 people) out of all certifies the course content provides their expectations. Besides, 77.5% (41 people) confirms the course material covers the expected goals. 74.0% (39 people) considered the course structure desirable and 57% (31 people) wanted to have similar virtual educational materials.
Conclusions: There wasn’t any meaningful difference effect of virtual presentation between male and female students in their chosen field (p = 0/58). There wasn’t any meaningful relationship between having the ICDL skills and choosing this major (p = 0.09, r = 0.07).- انتشار مقاله: 01-11-1393
- نویسندگان: Farshid Abedi,Shahrzad M.Lari,Reza Afshari,Shahrbanou Nouri Tarazkhaki,Maryam Nemati Karimoi,Mahdi Talebi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Teaching Method,Morning Report,Action Research
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Morning reports (MRs) are commonly used as an efficient technique in Medical Education. This study was intended to assess the developmental process following Iranian definable standards in the Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza General Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: Following an initial one-month assessment through direct observation of morning reports held in Imam Reza Hospital Internal Medicine Department, workshops were run for 6 weeks aiming at rectifying the flaws and reforming the trends practiced contrary to current standards. Checklists were filled by the attending researcher, subsequent to which feedback was given regarding possible flaws and/or challenges to the attending physicians. Reforms as well as alterations were urged to improve the status quo, which were eventually accepted and implemented by the Head of Department. Reassessment was conducted six weeks afterwards, using checklists having been prepared in advance. An equal number of MR Sessions (n=25) was evaluated prior to and following the Reform Scheme.
Results: Significant differences can be seen in the level of participation by nephrologists, infectious disease specialists and clinical pharmacologists after the scheme (P<0.001). Better arrangements were made between the coordinator and the resident in charge prior to the MR session, mainly via short text messages (44%). This encompassed the case selection, number of cases to be presented and the chief objective behind these presentations. Of the total of 65 patients presented, 50 (77%) were complicated ones whereas common disorders only reported in 6% of the cases. Presentations became growingly shorter in case of the first cases (P=0.022) while second and third ones took as much time as prior to the Reformation Scheme. There could be seen no considerable improvement in the accuracy of the final diagnoses yet punctuality was reported to have improved significantly as morning reports routinely and regularly commenced at 8 a.m. following alterations(P=0.025). A significant rise in the number of cases presented and discussed in every meeting (p=0.006).
Conclusions: Training and feedback seem to have improved the quality of morning reports in different respects, especially when augmented by applying national as well as international standards used in this and other studies.- انتشار مقاله: 04-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Seyed Reza Mousavi,Abbas Ali Zeraati,Mostafa Jafari,Kambiz Akhavan Rezayat,Mohammad Hasan Jokar,Abolghasem Allahyari,Zahra Mirfeizi,Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh,Mahnaz Amini,Parvin Layegh,Elham Galehnavi,Zahra Mozaheb,Nazila Zarghi,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Education,Dentistry,Journal Club
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Running standard journal clubs is one of the important goals of postgraduate education. Students should update their knowledge and learn critical appraisal skill. This study aimed to compare quality of journal clubs in Mashhad Dental School in order to improve educational and appraisal structure of journal clubs.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on journal clubs of Mashhad dental school. Journal clubs were evaluated and compared using a valid and reliable (r= 0.74) checklist before and after an educational workshop. Data were analyzed using SPSS: 11.5 by paired T-Test (CI= 95 %)
Results: There was a significant difference before and after intervention in terms of educational structure, however no critical appraisal was conducted.
Conclusion: As to the results, it is recommended to refresh faculty members and postgraduate students in terms of educational and appraisal structure of journal clubs. It seems teaching critical appraisal is more important.- انتشار مقاله: 17-02-1392
- نویسندگان: Nazila Zarghi,Seyed Reza Mousavi,Amir Moeentaghavi,Ali Taghizadeh,Reza Afshari,Maryam Amirchaghmaghi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical education,Social accountability,health care system
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Medial educations' models should train physicians with competencies and commitment to meet health needs in the community. This social accountability in medical education is not a new concept but provides equity, quality, relevance and cost-effectiveness in health care system. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of faculty members towards the situation and activities in this topic.
Methods: 133 university faculty members participated in this research from seven schools (Medical, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Paramedical, Health and Complementary Traditional Schools) at Medical Sciences of Mashhad University (MUMS) in Iran during 2012-2013. A questionnaire was distributed to faculties that asked about their knowledge about social accountability in medical education and its position at this university.
Findings: The mean knowledge about social accountability was 3.80 ± 0.423 in clinical and 3.81 ± 0.368 in basic science faculty members (p>0.05). The mean knowledge in Professors, associates and assistant professors were 3.79 ± 0.11, 3.79 ± 0.08 and 3.90 ± 0.09, respectively (p>0.05). The faculties at Pharmaceutics School got the lowest level in this research.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge among faculties at MUMS on educational accountability is limited, and is lowest at Pharmaceutics School. There is a need for informing the necessity, development of position and concepts about this method among faculties, especially at Pharmaceutics School, to improve health services.- انتشار مقاله: 16-07-1391
- نویسندگان: Hasan Ali Zahed Moghaddam,Reza Labbaf Ghasemi,Haleh Ghoushkhanei,Reza Afshari,Parviz Marouzi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Evaluation,Faculty Member,Scholarly teaching
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Medical Education has dramatically evolved in the past decades, and scholarly behaviors have gained popularity. In this study, scholarship-of-teaching activities from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) were evaluated for the first time in this country.
Methods: Data related to all applicants who were nominated for promotion to associate and full professor positions were studied retrospectively from 2009 to 2011. All scores had been approved by MUMS scholarship committee.
Results: In total, 85 teaching faculty members received scholarship score including 77% male (77%). Majority was from medical (61%) and dentistry (27%) faculties and mainly promoted to associate professor position (78%). Mean age of the promoted faculty members from faculty of Pharmacy was significantly lower. Most scores were obtained from preparing and implementation of L&CP (41%) and implementation of new educational methods (30%). The time elapsed from starting the scholarship evaluation program was significantly correlated with total score (r=0.245, Sig. 0.025) and implementation of new educational methods.
Conclusions: Setting of a minimum mandatory score for scholarly teaching has been effective and should be stressed in future.- انتشار مقاله: 27-11-1390
- نویسندگان: Reza Afshari,Arash Beiraghi Toosi,Hoda Azizi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: oxidative stress,Antioxidant,oxidant,Diabetes Mellitus,Pomegranate seed oil
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective: Oxidative stress is a major cause of diabetes complications. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO) on diabetes-induced changes in oxidant/antioxidant balance of the kidney, heart and mitochondria from rats and H9c2 cell line.
Materials and Methods: In these in vivo and in vitro studies, male rats were divided into four groups (twelve each): group 1 served as control, group 2-4 received a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i. p), groups 3 and 4 received PSO (0.36 and 0.72 mg/kg/daily, gavage), respectively. After three weeks, six rats of each group and one week later the remaining animals were anaesthetized and the hearts and kidneys were removed and homogenized. Mitochondrial fractions were separated and enzyme activities were measured in each sample. H9c2 cells were pretreated with high levels of glucose (35 mM), and then, incubated with PSO. Finally, cell viability test, reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation were evaluated.
Results: Significant reduction in enzymes activity (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione S-transferase and Paraoxonase 1), compensatory elevation in Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase activity followed by reduction after one week and significant elevation in Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were observed in diabetic group. PSO treatment resulted in a significant increase in enzymes activity and decreased OSI values compared to diabetic group in both tissue and mitochondrial fractions. PSO remarkably decreased glucose-induced toxicity, ROS level and lipid peroxidation in H9c2 cells.
Conclusion: Results suggested that PSO has a protective effect against diabetes-induced alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance in tissues, mitochondrial and H9c2 cell line.- انتشار مقاله: 29-08-1395
- نویسندگان: Hamid Mollazadeh,Mohammad Taher Boroushaki,Mohammad Soukhtanloo,Amir Reza Afshari,Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Coffee,Heart,medical history
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 15-04-1395
- نویسندگان: Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: corona,COVID-19,Indoor Air Quality
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 18-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده