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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Students,Electronically-learning,Family Medicine
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background:Electronically -Learning has created a new horizon in the world of education. The purpose of this is improving the quality of education and conserving (saving) time for teachers and students; this training can facilitate and strengthen the process of review. Since Mashhad University of Medical Sciences trains the applicants for family medicine as MPH virtually, we decided to study the efficiency of this method of trained students in this study.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on primary and secondary students of MPH family medicine in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The questionnaire contains personal information and factors related to the structure and content of education, training method and references page design, was set up. Then, validity of questioner using content validity method and its reliability using test to test were calculated. After collecting all the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS-16 software.
Results: A total of 53 students were enrolled MPH family medicine. 68% (36 people) of students had a record of participation in virtual learning courses. 45% (25 people) considered taking courses virtually has influenced choosing this major. 89% (47 people) out of all certifies the course content provides their expectations. Besides, 77.5% (41 people) confirms the course material covers the expected goals. 74.0% (39 people) considered the course structure desirable and 57% (31 people) wanted to have similar virtual educational materials.
Conclusions: There wasn’t any meaningful difference effect of virtual presentation between male and female students in their chosen field (p = 0/58). There wasn’t any meaningful relationship between having the ICDL skills and choosing this major (p = 0.09, r = 0.07).- انتشار مقاله: 01-11-1393
- نویسندگان: Farshid Abedi,Shahrzad M.Lari,Reza Afshari,Shahrbanou Nouri Tarazkhaki,Maryam Nemati Karimoi,Mahdi Talebi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical Curricula,Abused Drugs
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Drug abuse is prevalent in all countries across the world and induces variety of adverse effects (1). Health problems arising from drug abuse commonly cause significant health challenges in the affected population and deteriorate many aspects of the patients’ performance and quality of life. Comorbidities are discovered in 60 to 75% of addict patients, suffering from various drug-related disorders (2). Drug dependences and its consequences are of important health problems in Middle Eastern region including Iran(1, 3, 4). Based on a report released in summer 2013 by the Iranian campaign for drug abuse - a national study of prevalence of drug abuse amongst Iranian citizens- the prevalence of the consumption of narcotics and psychotropic substances in the 15-64 year population in Iran is 2.65%. In the studied population, the most commonly abused substances included: opium and its derivatives, crystal meth, crack, heroin, cannabis and ecstasy, respectively. The main consumption routes amongst the users were smoking, eating, snuffing and injection, respectively (5). Drug suppliers and dealers might add various heavy-weight metals to these substances in their preparation process to increase the weight and potential effects (6). Subsequently, drug dependent subjects complain from clinical manifestations which are not related to the abused substance, and could be explained by the additives, such as stomachache and neuropathy (7-10). Economic and pharmacologic adulteration of drugs is common and the most prevalent additives include lead (11, 12), thallium (13, 14) and different mediations including steroids (15, 16) and so the consequences might be extensively variant (17, 18). While controlling or preventing the exposure to intoxication by added impurities to illicit drugs is seemingly impossible, the harms of intoxication by them just can be partially controlled. The timely process of diagnosis of high levels of them in urine and blood, and proper management before is important. Therefore, it is essential for the first-line health respondents and clinicians who manage the admitted poisonous patients to understand the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of these patients. Training on how to manage substance abuse and its toxicological aspects is an interdisciplinary field; while current course plans are focused on clinical, psychological and social domains (19). It seems that modification of the future medical syllabus is required by adding the current paradigm of economic and pharmacological adulteration of the street drugs. Current medical curriculum is adopted from developed countries. Pattern of drug abuse is different in the developing countries (20), which are not fully considered (21). Paradoxically, while there is suitable knowledge and attitude for conducting the high-quality research in Asia, applicable research are not funded (22). Research on large populations and substances in Asia needs regional understandings of the issue as well as incorporating international scientific evidence (23-28). Therefore, an effective curriculum that gives appropriate perspective to the future clinicians should be developed (1, 29-31) to be accountable for the target population (32, 33). Introducing drug adulteration should be added to Iranian medial syllabus. Furthermore, we need to conduct multicenter studies(24) to monitor the current trend to provide the appropriate training contents to the students and medical instructors as well as decision-makers (34). Most updated health technology assessments in regard to the management of these patients are recommended (25, 32, 35, 36).
- انتشار مقاله: 07-04-1394
- نویسندگان: Amir Ghaderi,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Teaching Method,Morning Report,Action Research
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Morning reports (MRs) are commonly used as an efficient technique in Medical Education. This study was intended to assess the developmental process following Iranian definable standards in the Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza General Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: Following an initial one-month assessment through direct observation of morning reports held in Imam Reza Hospital Internal Medicine Department, workshops were run for 6 weeks aiming at rectifying the flaws and reforming the trends practiced contrary to current standards. Checklists were filled by the attending researcher, subsequent to which feedback was given regarding possible flaws and/or challenges to the attending physicians. Reforms as well as alterations were urged to improve the status quo, which were eventually accepted and implemented by the Head of Department. Reassessment was conducted six weeks afterwards, using checklists having been prepared in advance. An equal number of MR Sessions (n=25) was evaluated prior to and following the Reform Scheme.
Results: Significant differences can be seen in the level of participation by nephrologists, infectious disease specialists and clinical pharmacologists after the scheme (P<0.001). Better arrangements were made between the coordinator and the resident in charge prior to the MR session, mainly via short text messages (44%). This encompassed the case selection, number of cases to be presented and the chief objective behind these presentations. Of the total of 65 patients presented, 50 (77%) were complicated ones whereas common disorders only reported in 6% of the cases. Presentations became growingly shorter in case of the first cases (P=0.022) while second and third ones took as much time as prior to the Reformation Scheme. There could be seen no considerable improvement in the accuracy of the final diagnoses yet punctuality was reported to have improved significantly as morning reports routinely and regularly commenced at 8 a.m. following alterations(P=0.025). A significant rise in the number of cases presented and discussed in every meeting (p=0.006).
Conclusions: Training and feedback seem to have improved the quality of morning reports in different respects, especially when augmented by applying national as well as international standards used in this and other studies.- انتشار مقاله: 04-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Seyed Reza Mousavi,Abbas Ali Zeraati,Mostafa Jafari,Kambiz Akhavan Rezayat,Mohammad Hasan Jokar,Abolghasem Allahyari,Zahra Mirfeizi,Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh,Mahnaz Amini,Parvin Layegh,Elham Galehnavi,Zahra Mozaheb,Nazila Zarghi,Reza Afshari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Education,Dentistry,Journal Club
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Running standard journal clubs is one of the important goals of postgraduate education. Students should update their knowledge and learn critical appraisal skill. This study aimed to compare quality of journal clubs in Mashhad Dental School in order to improve educational and appraisal structure of journal clubs.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on journal clubs of Mashhad dental school. Journal clubs were evaluated and compared using a valid and reliable (r= 0.74) checklist before and after an educational workshop. Data were analyzed using SPSS: 11.5 by paired T-Test (CI= 95 %)
Results: There was a significant difference before and after intervention in terms of educational structure, however no critical appraisal was conducted.
Conclusion: As to the results, it is recommended to refresh faculty members and postgraduate students in terms of educational and appraisal structure of journal clubs. It seems teaching critical appraisal is more important.- انتشار مقاله: 17-02-1392
- نویسندگان: Nazila Zarghi,Seyed Reza Mousavi,Amir Moeentaghavi,Ali Taghizadeh,Reza Afshari,Maryam Amirchaghmaghi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Medical education,Social accountability,health care system
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Medial educations' models should train physicians with competencies and commitment to meet health needs in the community. This social accountability in medical education is not a new concept but provides equity, quality, relevance and cost-effectiveness in health care system. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of faculty members towards the situation and activities in this topic.
Methods: 133 university faculty members participated in this research from seven schools (Medical, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Paramedical, Health and Complementary Traditional Schools) at Medical Sciences of Mashhad University (MUMS) in Iran during 2012-2013. A questionnaire was distributed to faculties that asked about their knowledge about social accountability in medical education and its position at this university.
Findings: The mean knowledge about social accountability was 3.80 ± 0.423 in clinical and 3.81 ± 0.368 in basic science faculty members (p>0.05). The mean knowledge in Professors, associates and assistant professors were 3.79 ± 0.11, 3.79 ± 0.08 and 3.90 ± 0.09, respectively (p>0.05). The faculties at Pharmaceutics School got the lowest level in this research.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge among faculties at MUMS on educational accountability is limited, and is lowest at Pharmaceutics School. There is a need for informing the necessity, development of position and concepts about this method among faculties, especially at Pharmaceutics School, to improve health services.- انتشار مقاله: 16-07-1391
- نویسندگان: Hasan Ali Zahed Moghaddam,Reza Labbaf Ghasemi,Haleh Ghoushkhanei,Reza Afshari,Parviz Marouzi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Evaluation,Faculty Member,Scholarly teaching
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Medical Education has dramatically evolved in the past decades, and scholarly behaviors have gained popularity. In this study, scholarship-of-teaching activities from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) were evaluated for the first time in this country.
Methods: Data related to all applicants who were nominated for promotion to associate and full professor positions were studied retrospectively from 2009 to 2011. All scores had been approved by MUMS scholarship committee.
Results: In total, 85 teaching faculty members received scholarship score including 77% male (77%). Majority was from medical (61%) and dentistry (27%) faculties and mainly promoted to associate professor position (78%). Mean age of the promoted faculty members from faculty of Pharmacy was significantly lower. Most scores were obtained from preparing and implementation of L&CP (41%) and implementation of new educational methods (30%). The time elapsed from starting the scholarship evaluation program was significantly correlated with total score (r=0.245, Sig. 0.025) and implementation of new educational methods.
Conclusions: Setting of a minimum mandatory score for scholarly teaching has been effective and should be stressed in future.- انتشار مقاله: 27-11-1390
- نویسندگان: Reza Afshari,Arash Beiraghi Toosi,Hoda Azizi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: essential oil,Clinical trial,Trachyspermum ammi,acne vulgaris, ajwain
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic conditions. The available anti-acne treatments are not satisfactory and safe. In this regard, searching for new treatments, especially natural materials with reasonable side effects and satisfactory effectiveness, could be promising. The aim of the present study was to explore the safety and efficacy of a topical formulation containing Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) fruits essential oil in patients with facial acne. Methods: The essential oil of the fruits was extracted by hydrodistillation method and formulated as a 1% gel. In this open-labeled, uncontrolled clinical trial, 20 patients with mild to moderate acne received topical ajwain gel twice daily for 8 weeks. The outcomes of acne lesion count, red fluorescence parameters and biophysical skin profiles were evaluated at baseline, 4th and 8th weeks. Any adverse reaction was recorded during the study. Results: All patients completed the study. Two months after treatment, the mean reduction in the total (8.2±3.36; P=0.000) and non-inflammatory (7.3±4.53; p=0.000) lesions was statistically significant. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the size and quantity of red fluorescence spots was also observed. Biophysical skin profile measurements revealed a significant reduction in erythema (p=0.033) and sebum (p=0.026) and a significant increase in pH (p=0.005). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study provided a basis for the effectiveness of topical ajwain gel for the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne. Conducting further double blind clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of the product.
- انتشار مقاله: 07-05-1398
- نویسندگان: Ziba Talebi,Gholamreza Kord Afshari,Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi,Alireza Firooz,Maedeh Ghovvati,Aniseh Samadi,Mehrdad Karimi,Sima Kolahdooz,Mahdi Vazirian*
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Opium,risk factors,Esophageal carcinoma,Laryngeal carcinoma
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:
Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. This study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esophagus.
Materials and Methods:
Fifty eight patients with laryngeal cancer, ninety eight patients with upper esophageal cancer and twenty seven healthy individuals with no evidence of head and neck or esophageal malignancies were selected from Otolaryngology and Radiation Oncology Department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Duration and amount of cigarette smoking and opium consumption were recorded through comprehensive interviews.
Results:
The crude odds ratio for laryngeal cancer was 5.58 (95% CI 2.05-15.15, P=0.000) in cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers and 9.09 (95% CI 3.21-25.64, P=0.000) in opium users relative to non-users. The crude odds ratio for esophageal cancer was 0.44 (95% CI 0.18-1.09, P=0.07) in cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers and 1.44 (95% CI 0.57-3.62, P=0.43) in opium users relative to non-users. After adjusting for smoking, the odds ratio for laryngeal cancer in opium users relative to non-users was 6.06 (95% CI 1.10-33.23, P=0.05). Laryngeal cancer was detected at a significantly lower age in opium users (54.54±10.93 vs 62.92±10.10 years, P=0.02) than in smokers. This effect was not observed in esophageal cancer. Although the duration (year 17.50±14.84 vs 21.91±14.03; P=0.34) and amount (pack/day 0.625 vs 0.978; P=0.06) of smoking were higher among those who were opium dependent, these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.34 and P=0.06, respectively).
Conclusion:
Opium addiction by snuffing is an independent risk factor for the development laryngeal cancer but not esophageal cancer. Cigarette smoking increases this risk. Opium dependency increases the likelihood of developing laryngeal cancer at a younger age.- انتشار مقاله: 05-03-1395
- نویسندگان: Mehdi Bakhshaee,Hamid Reza Raziee,Reza Afshari,Amin Amali,Mahmoud Roopoosh,Ali Lotfizadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: ELISA,Recombinant vaccine,Newcastle disease,immunogenic response,mucosal immunity,western blot
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Newcastle disease is a major avian disease that causes enormous economic loss in poultry industry. There have been a number of reports on the suitability of plant-based recombinant vaccine against this disease. Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) epitopes of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) represent the major immunogenic sites for development of recombinant anti-ND vaccines in plant hosts.
Objectives: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of a recombinant anti-ND vaccine in induction of immune responses in animal model.
Materials and Methods: In this study, immunogenicity of recombinant fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) epitopes of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is investigated in an animal model. The corresponding genes encoding amino acids 65-81 of the F protein and 346-353 amino acids of HN were expressed in tobacco seedling using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression of the foreign gene in the tobacco seedlings was investigated by a number of molecular assays including Real-Time PCR and ELISA. Transgenic plant extract was used to induce immunogenic response in animal model.
Results: Integration of the foreign gene in plant host genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of the foreign recombinant protein was confirmed by Real-Time PCR and ELISA assays. Immunogenicity of the recombinant protein was investigated in rabbit by subcutaneous injection. Results indicated that the transgenic plant extract can induce immune responses in the host as confirmed by presence of specific antibodies in the sera in ELISA assay. Western blot assays showed that the foreign gene was actually expressed in transgenic seedlings.
Conclusions: The results obtained in this research provide further evidence on applicability of plant-based recombinant vaccines for protection of poultry against Newcastle disease.- انتشار مقاله: 21-12-1396
- نویسندگان: Amir Shahriari,Abdolreza Bagheri,Ali Reza Afsharifar,Maziar Habibi-Pirkoohi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Population genetics,Bulbous crop,Genetic marker,Motif-directed profiling,Tulipa spp
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises about 100 species and Iran is considered as one of the main origins of tulips. In this research, genetic diversity and population structure of 27 wild populations of tulips collected from Iran were studied by 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible expressed sequenced tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and 8 nucleotide binding site (NBS)-enzyme combinations. According to EST-SSR genotyping, the average of gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.66 and 0.62, respectively. However, the values of GD and PIC were equal for each NBS primer–enzyme combination which ranged between 0.85-0.95 with a mean value of 0.91. The mean value of resolving power (EST-SSR = 1.93; NBS-LRR = 17.39) indicated that the NBS markers had higher discriminatory power compared to the EST-SSR markers. UPGMA clustering confirmed the results of PCA which was further confirmed by Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis. Population structure analysis detected 3 and 4 gene pools for 27 wild tulip germplasms with EST-SSR genotyping and NBS-LRR profiling, respectively. The AMOVA results indicated that molecular variation among populations (ΦPT = inter-population variation) was 82% and 93% of the total variation for EST-SSR and NBS-LRR markers, respectively. The results of this study will help the conservation and phylogenetic studies of tulips.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-09-1396
- نویسندگان: Ali Pourkhaloee,Morteza Khosh-Khui,Paul Arens,Hassan Salehi,Hooman Razi,Ali Niazi,Alireza Afsharifar,Jaap Van Tuyl
- مشاهده