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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Indomethacin,PVP,Dissolution enhancement,Isomalt
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s) The purpose of the present study was to use the solid dispersion (SD) technique to improve the dissolution rates of indomethacin (IMC). Materials and Methods IMC solid dispersions in PVP K30 and isomalt (GALEN IQ 990) were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique and a hot melt method in weight ratios of 2, 10 and 30% (IMC:PVP). Solid dispersions and physical mixtures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dissolution test. Physical stability tests were also performed at different temperatures and humidity conditions. Results The dissolution rates of all solid dispersions were faster than those of their physical mixtures. In samples containing 2% or 10% of IMC, there were no significant differences between the dissolution rates of IMC in PVP and isomalt solid dispersions, but in samples containing 30% of IMC, the dissolution rates were higher in isomalt dispersions. The XRPD analysis showed no crystalline peaks in solid dispersions, indicating that IMC was amorphous within the carrier. The DSC results showed that an interaction occurred between the drug and the carrier in PVP and isomalt dispersions. Physical stability tests at severe storage conditions showed that the dissolution rate of IMC in PVP solid dispersions decreased, while the dissolution profile of IMC in isomalt solid dispersions did not change significantly. Conclusion It was shown that the dissolution rates of IMC in PVP and isomalt solid dispersions were substantially increased compared with their physical mixtures and pure IMC.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-06-1394
- نویسندگان: Elham Khodaverdi,Noman Khalili,Farzad Zangiabadi,Alireza Homayouni
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Pakistan,Emergency,Lead toxicity,Plumbism
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background:Lead toxicity continues to remain a concerning health problem for developing nations like Pakistan. Due to the lack of studies, we aim to highlight the clinical spectrum of lead poisoning in patients presenting to an urban-based tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Method:This is a retrospective review of patients admitted form January 2011 to December 2014 using a structured questionnaire for recording demographics, comorbidities, clinical findings, biochemical abnormalities, clinical findings and treatment provided. Patients were categorized as children (≤18yrs) and adults (>18yrs), further divided into three groups; desired blood lead levels (BLLs) [lead levels <2ug/dl in children and <10ug/dl in adults], high but non-toxic [children 2-10ug/dl, adults 10-70ug/dl] and toxic [children >10ug/dl, adults >70ug/dl].
Result: A total of 86 patients were included in the final analysis, majority (69.6%) of whom were adult males with median age of 35 yrs. Median (IQR) BLL was 6.3 ug/dl (12.8-2.7) in all age groups with BLL in children and adults of 4.2 ug/dl (3.1-5.7) and 6.5 ug/dl (2.6-14.7), respectively. 72% of the children had complaints related to the central nervous system with majority complaining of irritability. The gastrointestinal system was most commonly implicated in adults (93%) with most common complaint of abdominal pain. The commonest risk factor showing a positive correlation with BLLs was battery handling in adults [median (IQR) BLL 18.4ug/dl (8.35-36.1)] and pica eating in children with BLLs in high but non-toxic range [median (IQR) BLL 5.2ug/dl (2.7-5.7)]. The highest BLLs were observed to lie within the high but non-toxic range group in one adult herbal medicine user (54.4 ug/dl) and in children observed in the toxic range group (>10ug/dl) due to occupational battery work exposure and residence in a congested zone.
Conclusion:Lead toxicity continues to be hazardous due to unchecked environmental and occupational exposure. Increasing awareness is tantamount in order to find a solution.- انتشار مقاله: 26-07-1396
- نویسندگان: Lena Jafri,Nadeem Ullah Khan,Muhammad Akbar Baig,Noman Ali,Hafsa Majid,Ayesha Habib Khan
- مشاهده