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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Chemical Health Risks
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cooking loss,Fat replacer,Low-fat,Rice bran (RB)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The effect of rice bran (RB) on the physicochemical properties such as fat content, pH, moisture content, color evaluation (L*, a*, b* values), and cooking loss of hamburger was investigated. To this purpose, four groups were processed: a control group and three treatment groups containing 2%, 3%, and 4% RB. The addition of 4% RB to hamburgers decreased the fat content by 25%. The highest rate of cooking loss (P<0.05) was observed in the control group. Chemical tests indicated that hamburgers with RB increased moisture content of samples. Proximate test indicated that the greatest pH in a hamburgerwas achieved when 4% RB is added. The values of L* in low-fat hamburger (LFH) were decreased using RB replacer. Therefore, healthier hamburger can be manufactured by RB as fat replacer without product's quality loss.
- انتشار مقاله: 15-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh,Neda Akbari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advances in Environmental Technology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Sewer system maintenance,Fat Oil and Grease,Control program,Chemical cleaning,Mashhad city
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: This study investigated different methods of controlling the fat, oil and grease (FOG) in sewer systems. A comprehensive control program was developed for the city of Mashhad (Iran) to maintain its sewer system and prevent blockages. The control program consisted of three parts: 1) fat, oil and grease source control, 2) sewer system modification, and 3) preventive maintenance. This program included guidelines for food service establishments, which are the major sources of (FOG). Food service establishments must implement better management practices to reduce (FOG) from entering the facility drain and install grease removal devices. As a part of preventive cleaning, the performance of several surfactants was evaluated as a cleaning agent. A 50:50 mixture (10 v. % in water) of two industrial surfactants, one containing monoethyl amine and sulfonated lauryl alcohol and one containing nonylphenol ethoxylate and potassium hydroxide, had the best performance and removed 80 % of the fat. Response Surface Methodology was used to determine the optimum conditions for the surfactant. The optimum conditions were a contact time of 36 h, shaking rate of 30 rpm and surfactant concentration of 12.5%. The second part of the program consisted of removing dead zones and increasing wastewater velocity in the sewer lines to enhance the hydraulic condition of the sewer system and decrease fat deposition. Finally, a detailed and well-defined control program could solve FOG problems in sewer systems.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-02-1396
- نویسندگان: Majid Pirooz,Neda Akbari,Mehdi Kamali,Davoud Biria
- مشاهده