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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: oxidative stress,Hepatoprotective,hepatotoxicity,Glutathione,Sodium Valproate
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely administered drug against epilepsy and several other neurological disorders. On the other hand, liver injury is a deleterious side effect associated with VPA. Oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. The current investigation was designed to evaluate if N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as thiol reducing agents have any protective effects against VPA-induced liver injury. Isolated rat hepatocytes (in vitro) were exposed to increasing concentrations of VPA (25, 50, 100, 150, and 250 µM) and markers of cytotoxicity were evaluated. Furthermore, animals received VPA (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p for 15 consecutive days) (in vivo) and markers of liver injury were monitored. It was found that 250 µM of VPA caused marked cytotoxicity toward isolated hepatocytes as judged by trypan blue exclusion test. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress including glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation were detected in VPA-treated hepatocytes. On the other hand, VPA caused a significant increase in plasma markers of hepatotoxicity in drug-treated group. Liver histopathological changes and markers of oxidative stress were also detected in VPA-treated animals. It was found that administration of NAC (1 mM), and DTT (1 mM) significantly alleviated VPA-induced cytotoxicity (In vitro). NAC (250 and 500 mg/kg) and DTT (15 and 30 mg/kg) also significantly mitigated VPA hepatotoxicity (In vivo). The data obtained from the current investigation indicate potential therapeutic properties of thiol reductants against VPA-induced liver injury.
- انتشار مقاله: 11-02-1396
- نویسندگان: Nahid Najafi,Akram Jamshidzadeh,Hamideh Fallahzadeh,Mahmoud Omidi,Narges Abdoli,Asma Najibi,Negar Azarpira,Reza Heidari,Hossein Niknahad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Insulin,Chitosan,Alginate,Type I diabetes mellitus,Type I diabetes mellitusAlginate,islets of langerhans
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation is one of the most promising strategies for treating patients with type I diabetes mellitus.
Objective: We aimed to assess the immunoisolation properties of the multilayer encapsulated islets using alginate-chitosan-PEG for immunoprotection and insulin secretion from the encapsulated islets induced under different glucose concentrations in vitro.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the islets were isolated from Wistar rats. The biological function (insulin secretion) of the immunoisolated islets following to PEGylation and encapsulation in the alginate-chitosan-PEG, separately, in addition to their immuno-protection in a co-culturing with the lymphocytes isolated from the male C57BL/6 mice were investigated, respectively.
Results: Alginate-chitosan-PEG decreased IL-2 secretion from the lymphocytes co-cultured with islets. Also, insulin secretion from the encapsulated and PEGylated groups was stimulated by glucose (i.e., 5.6 and 16.7 mM of glucose, respectively); showed insulin secretion similar to the naked islets, without coating, after 30 and 60 min of incubation.
Conclusion: In conclusion, encapsulation and PEGylation have no negative effect on the insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity of the islets for all of the groups. Also, encapsulation decreased IL-2 secretion from the lymphocytes.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-04-1395
- نویسندگان: Nahid Najafikhah,Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi,Saleh Zahediasl,Mohammad Mahdi Nabavimanesh,Khadijeh Farrokhfall
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Blood and urine analysis,ETAAS,Trace element analysis,Electro deposition
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: A combined electrodeposition-ETAAS technique has been applied to the analysis of Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr and Mn in biological samples in order to overcome interferences and to minimize sample pretreatment. It requires minimal sample preparation with the electrolysis process aiding partial decomposition of the organic matrix, adequate for the release and deposition of trace elements. In an initial electrodeposition step, the graphite furnace is coated by Pd. Analytes are then electrodeposited in situ from the sample at optimized applied voltage and time onto the Pd-coated furnace, followed by removal of spent electrolyte and atomization. The high background signals due to matrix components of urine and blood were eliminated by the technique and the sensitivity of determination was improved up to five-fold with respect to conventional ETAAS technique. A good precision of 1-3 %RSD (depending on the element and sample matrix) has been obtained. The recovery of added analytes is close to 100% based on comparison with conventional ETAAS of aqueous samples. The accuracy of the technique was established by analyzing the urine standard reference material, SRM2670. The results of determinations of the elements tested are within the range of certified values given by the NIST with an acceptable %RSD.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-04-1380
- نویسندگان: Nahid Mashkouri Najafi,Nahid Mashkouri Najafi,Nahid Mashkouri Najafi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: type 2 diabetes,Garlic,Allium sativum,Randomized Clinical Trial,Diabetic
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Garlic plays a very important role in diabetic patients. Therefore, this study determined the effect of garlic supplement in capsule on blood glucose and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes under a systematic review. Using the keywords: Allium sativum, diabetic, garlic, metabolic syndrome and lipid profile, we performed MeSH with specified condition, then RCT, which was published up to date by November 12th and obtained in English, in electronic databases: Science Direct, Pub Med, ProQuest and Scopus was collected and studied. Finally, the screening performed by choosing a study on type 2 diabetes was used to select 3 studies as our survey. The efficacy of garlic supplement in the form of capsules, pills, and extracts or in raw form in controlling and treating type 2 diabetes symptoms and improving lipid factors were shown. Garlic supplement could reduce the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), two-hour blood glucose (2 hpp), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), increase the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and improved insulin resistance and Body Mass Index (BMI). Although in some studies; no significant changes were made or seen regarding these factors. So garlic supplement can be considered as complementary to control blood glucose levels and improve lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes. However, it cannot definitely state that garlic supplement is useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and need more studies.
- انتشار مقاله: 15-11-1395
- نویسندگان: Nahid Najafi,Seyed Jalil Masoumi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: HIV,Infant,AIDS,Mother
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
There are contradictory results regarding association between maternal HIV infection and neonatal adverse outcomes. Therefore, in this study the neonates born from HIV-positive mothers compared with HIV-negative mothers were assessed in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 50 infants born to an HIV-positive mother compared with 53 infants born to an HIV-negative mother as control group, during 8 years of a period from 2006-2015, admitted in Valiasr Hospital of Tehran. Data were gathered from medical records of patients.
Results
All children (n=53, 100%) in the case group were born through cesarean section; while 20.75% of the control group children were born by natural delivery (P=0.001). There was statistically significant difference between neonates born from HIV-positive mothers compared to HIV-negative mothers with respect to delivery method and gender (P<0.05). The mean weights (gr) were higher in the controls than the cases (3052.830±380.71 vs. 2731.80±575.90) (P=0.001). Also, a significantly increased Hemoglobin was observed in the controls (15.87±1.97 g/dL) compared to the cases (13.42±1.69 g/dL) (P=0.001). Liver functions test (LFTs)was significantly higher in case groups (P=0.005).
Conclusion
Based on the results,the mean weight and hemoglobin were lower in infants born from HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. Also, LFT Disorder was higher in infants born from HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women.- انتشار مقاله: 29-02-1398
- نویسندگان: Nahid Najafi,Elahe Amini,Khadije Daneshjou,Hossein Pesarakli,Mahnaz Akbari
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Heroin,Body Packer,Legal Medicine
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Intra-corporeal concealment of illicit drugs known as ‘body packing’ is uncommonly reported. These drugs mainly comprise opium, heroin, cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), amphetamines, and marijuana or hashish. Body packers may also be called swallowers, internal carriers, couriers or mules. Although this practice is not new, its medical complications have always been a matter of concern. Some have reported improved packaging methods to deal with such complications. Body packing is an on-going drug smuggling method and authorities across the world are always on the alert. Case Presentation: It has reported a case of death due to the effects of heroin concealed in a man who was attempting to smuggle the drug within his gastro-intestinal track. According to forensic procedure of sudden unnatural death, the decedent had to accept a series of examination such as CT scan, autopsy and toxicological analysis. He was found dead from acute heroin intoxication due to the rupture of drug packet in the stomach. Discussion: This case illustrates the challenges to forensic diagnosis in forensic medical methods in evaluation of potential drug packers and therefore it needs to consider all methods and finally best method involved in forensic diagnosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, in body packer’s postmortem pathological signs are combined with evidence of the presence of drug pellets in the body as well as toxicological analysis in the ante-mortem history, and clinical reports. Toxicological analysis of the presence of the drug in body fluids, such as plasma, and in tissue extracts may not be of value when the level of the drug decreases after a period of metabolism.
- انتشار مقاله: 06-11-1395
- نویسندگان: Nahid Najafi,Mahmoud Montazeri
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Poisoning,mortality,Suicide,Forensic Toxicology
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background:Death due to acute poisoning is of medical, legal and social significance. This study was designed to investigate lethal poisonings among dead bodies referred to a regional office of Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO).
Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive-analytical study on dead bodies referred to Fars province regional office of ILMO in Shiraz, Iran, during April 2013 to the end of March 2014. For data analysis, only subjects with poisoning as the definitive cause of death were included.
Results:During the study period, 2,594 autopsies were conducted in Fars province office of ILMO, among which poisoning was found to be the cause of death in 147 autopsies (5.7%). Eighty-eight cases (59.9%) were men. The majority of subjects aged 20 to 30 years (50.3%). The greatest number of subjects (73.5%) was unmarried persons. Regarding the occupation, most subjects were unemployed (49.7%) followed by housewives (19.7%). Over half of the cases (54.42%) had died within less than 6 hours after the poisoning. The majority of cases were found dead at home (73.5%), while the rest had died in outpatient department or hospital wards. Suicide cases were far more common than unintentional cases (75.5% vs. 24.5%). Suicidal intention was significantly higher in subjects with lower educational status (P = 0.033). The most common causes of poisoning were pharmaceutical products (66.7%) followed by aluminum phosphide (10.9%) and other types of pesticides (7.2%).
Conclusion:Lethal poisonings is mostly seen in young adults, and those with lower educational level and unemployment. Suicidal intention is the main cause of lethal poisonings.- انتشار مقاله: 15-03-1394
- نویسندگان: Mahmoud Montazeri,Nahid Najafi,Negar Azarpira,Fatemeh Zahedipour
- مشاهده