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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Air pollution,long-term,Urmia,carbon monoxide variability,intra-urban,Spatial
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: One of the pillars of epidemiologic research on the long-term health effects of air pollution is to estimate the chronic exposures over space and time. In this study, we aimed to measure the intra-urban ambient carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations within Urmia city in Iran, and to build a model within the geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the annual and seasonal means anywhere within the city. We collected more than 5,000 measurements from 53 locations during July 2010 to July 2011 in four seasons to calculate the annual and seasonal means in Urmia. The Universal Kriging was used to predict the spatial and seasonal concentrations of CO. The annual mean and annual peak CO concentrations were respectively 2.5 and 4.4 ppm. The results of the spatial analysis showed that the north-eastern parts of the city were more polluted than the other areas. The mean and peak seasonal spatial patterns were consistent over time. This is the first study that monitored and predicted the long-term CO concentrations with a dense measurement network in Urmia, providing a foundation for future epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution. The spatial estimates can also be used for a variety of other purposes, such as evidence-based air quality management and urban planning. Overall, the CO levels in Urmia were lower than the values recommended by the World Health Organization. However, further research is required on other important pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, air toxics and so forth.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-04-1396
- نویسندگان: Hamed Aghdasi,Rahim Aali,Nabiollah Mansouri,Heresh Amini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Air pollution,long-term,Urmia,carbon monoxide variability,intra-urban,Spatial
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: One of the pillars of epidemiologic research on the long-term health effects of air pollution is to estimate the chronic exposures over space and time. In this study, we aimed to measure the intra-urban ambient carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations within Urmia city in Iran, and to build a model within the geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the annual and seasonal means anywhere within the city. We collected more than 5,000 measurements from 53 locations during July 2010 to July 2011 in four seasons to calculate the annual and seasonal means in Urmia. The Universal Kriging was used to predict the spatial and seasonal concentrations of CO. The annual mean and annual peak CO concentrations were respectively 2.5 and 4.4 ppm. The results of the spatial analysis showed that the north-eastern parts of the city were more polluted than the other areas. The mean and peak seasonal spatial patterns were consistent over time. This is the first study that monitored and predicted the long-term CO concentrations with a dense measurement network in Urmia, providing a foundation for future epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution. The spatial estimates can also be used for a variety of other purposes, such as evidence-based air quality management and urban planning. Overall, the CO levels in Urmia were lower than the values recommended by the World Health Organization. However, further research is required on other important pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, air toxics and so forth.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-04-1396
- نویسندگان: Hamed Aghdasi,Rahim Aali,Nabiollah Mansouri,Heresh Amini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Environmental Energy and Economic Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Location,Monitoring Stations,monitoring indicators,ANP Model,Super Decision software
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: This research is conducted with an aim of locating the monitoring stations of environmental pollutants (air, water and soil) and monitoring management of such pollutants in Tehran. Given the nature of the research and the factors and elements investigated in this study, the research method is in the line of descriptive-analytical studies, and in terms of objective, this is an applied-developmental research. In summary, the specific and practical purposes of this research include; determining the factors, criteria and sub-criteria associated with monitoring of environmental pollutants (air, water and soil), prioritizing and ranking the criteria and sub-criteria of indicators with a specific logic, and providing a pattern for management on monitoring of environmental pollutants in Tehran. ArcGis software was applied for data analysis and providing digital and basic maps. Analytic network process (ANP) was used for weighting the indicators studied in the research and the fuzzy logic model was used for data analysis and overlapping. According to the table of verbal and numerical scales based on hourly method, a pairwise comparison was performed between air, water and soil environments based on importance and preference and the data were imported into the Super-Decision software. According to the output of this software, the air weight of 673, water weight of 226, and soil weight of 101 were obtained, respectively. As a result, this output showed us that air is ranked first, water is ranked second, and soil is ranked third, in terms of importance. From the results and prepared (weighted) maps and also in response to the research hypotheses, it was found that some of the available stations are not properly located. Finally, the location of monitoring stations was presented in four classes of very desirable, desirable, relatively desirable, and undesirable.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-09-1398
- نویسندگان: Mohammadreza Haghparast,Seyed Alireza Haji Seyed Mirza Hosseini,Nabiollah Mansouri,Jamal Ghodousi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Environmental Energy and Economic Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Delphi method,Environmental Management Performance,Urban Health Centers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Medical centers (that is, hospitals and clinics) in metropolitan areas produce substantial amounts of hazardous waste in both solid and liquid (wastewater) forms. Unless medical centers manage their waste with appropriate care, the significant hazards posed to urban residents and areas far outweigh the benefits of their services. Therefore, comprehensive environmental management programs need to be developed in order to minimize the associated impacts and improve environmental performance. In addition to identifying the environmental consequences, developing a comprehensive performance assessment program requires a deep understanding of the factors involved and their corresponding shares. Thus, the aim of this paper is to model environmental performance assessment in urban medical centers. Firstly, relevant criteria, sub-criteria and indicators were identified using the Delphi method. Next, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to rank the factors and a balanced scoring was established to model the environmental performance assessment in medical centers. The adequate consistency index confirms Fuzzy AHP accuracy and consequently, the scores. The model was applied in Sarem Specialized Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The results indicate that the hospital has good environmental performance. The results show that the waste disinfection indicator, was rated the highest and most important index with a score of 84.The other indicators were ranked in terms of treated sewage and source separation of waste and application of mechanisms to control water consumption respectively with scores of 38, 26.5 and 25.
- انتشار مقاله: 19-05-1398
- نویسندگان: Nazak Shahbod,Mansour Bayat,Nabiollah Mansouri,Jafar Nouri,Jamal Ghodousi
- مشاهده