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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Aquatic Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Water Quality,Macroalgae,Gut weed,Herbivorous,FCR,Ulva intestinalis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: A set of feeding trials was carried out to assess the potential use of gut weed (GW) Ulva intestinalis as a direct food to replace commercial feed (CF) in an alternative approach for feeding Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) juveniles for 60, 45, and 56 days, respectively. Four feeding regimes were assigned to triplicate tanks. The different groups were fed CF every day, GW every day, and one day of CF followed by one (1CF_1GW) or two (1CF_2GW) days of GW, respectively. The results indicated that growth performance of the S. argus fed on single GW was not significantly different from the control group but the performance of O. niloticus and O. goramy in the alternative feeding treatments were comparable to the control. The feed conversion ratio could be reduced by 26.1–57.8 % in the combined feeding regimes to control will minimize the production cost of fish. Water quality in terms of NO2 and NH4/NH3 in the rearing tanks was better in the combined feeding than in the single CF. These results indicated that GW can be used as a food to partially substitute CF for herbivorous fish.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-01-1399
- نویسندگان: Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddik,Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Breast cancer,Pakistan,Cyclooxygenase-2,Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Tumors use several immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade immune destruction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression may be a driver of immunosuppression in breast cancer, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. COX-2 expression induces the expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in tumor cells. IDO is an immunosuppressive enzyme which is involved in tumor immune escape mechanisms in breast cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the association between COX-2 and IDO expression to find evidence of immunosuppression in Pakistani breast cancer patients. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of COX-2, IDO, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues of 100 patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of COX-2. Results: A total of 100 patients were included with a mean age and standard deviation of 48.28 ± 11.83. A significant association was observed among COX-2, IDO, ER, PR and tumor grade. In multivariable analysis, three variables were identified as significant independent risk factors for high COX-2: IDO expression high; [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.00-21.20), p=0.001], ER; [AOR 5.62; 95% CI (1.80-17.84), p=0.002] and age [AOR 1.04; 95% CI (1.00-1.10), p=0.05] respectively. Conclusion: Our data showed that high IDO expression is associated with high COX-2 expression in Pakistani breast cancer patients. The co-expression of both enzymes may suggest their role in disease pathogenesis. Hence the concurrent targeting of COX-2 and IDO may be a promising therapy for breast cancer.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-06-1398
- نویسندگان: Kashif Asghar,Asif Loya,Iftikhar Ali Rana,Muhammad Abu Bakar,Asim Farooq,Muhammad Tahseen,Muhammad Ishaq,Muhammad Usman Rashid
- مشاهده