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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective- To consider the possibility of ultrasonography evaluation of the plantar tendons and ligaments and prepare a standard reference for it. Design- Descriptive study Animals- 7 female healthy Caspian miniature horses'-age 7year- no clinical sign of lameness and prior to presentation. Procedure- The ultrasonography of the right and the left metatarsal region was performedusing a Pie Medical 100 Falco Vet and an 8MHZ linear transducer. The area forultrasonography was divided to 9 levels (1a-1b-2a-2b-3a-3b-4a-4b-5a), each 3 cm longafterwards. Results- All the structures started to appear with an acceptable contrast and visibility at the 2alevel. SDFT and DDFT were well observed from the level 2a however, no definite borderswere recognizable as ICL (except one case) and echogenicity of DDFT from the 2b level washyperechoic to isoechoic comparing SDFT and SL from this level observed the branching area was hyperechoic in compare with DDFT & SDFT, however MSL & LSL were hypoechoiccomparing SDFT and DDFT. There aren't any difference echogenicity between right and left hind limb. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Investigations have proved that there's no differencebetween the echogenicity of each ligament and tendon in different levels in the left and rightlimbs which was confirmed in the current inspection as wellThe conclusions of the current study on the Caspian horse were showen too that highlycompatible with the previous vestigations in horses on echogenicity and shape of the plantartendons and ligaments. Generally it is assumed that transverse images provide a better image oftendons and ligaments and any injury in any part of the above structures can be diagnosedeasily, however some probable injuries around the tendon may be left unseen in longitudinalimages.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-05-1386
- نویسندگان: Dariush Vosough,Mohammad Mehdi Molaei,Majid Masoudifard,Mohammad Karamouzian,Farzaneh Hosseininejat
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,HIV,Kerman,Stigma,healthcare providers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
Stigmatizing attitudes among healthcare providers are an important barrier to accessing services among people living with HIV (PLHIV). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the status and correlates of HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers in Kerman, Iran.
Methods
Using a validated and pilot-tested stigma scale questionnaire, we measured HIV-related stigma among 400 healthcare providers recruited from three teaching hospitals (n = 363), private sectors (n = 28), and the only voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center (n = 9) in Kerman city. Data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires at participants’ workplace during Fall 2016. To examine the correlates of stigmatizing attitudes, we constructed bivariable and multivariable linear regression models.
Results
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of stigma score was 25.95 ± 7.20 out of the possible 50, with higher scores reflecting more stigmatizing attitudes. Paramedics, nurses’ aides, and housekeeping staff had the highest, and VCT personnel had the lowest average stigma scores, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses showed that prior experience of working with PLHIV (β = -2.48; P = .03), exposure to HIV-related educational courses (β = -2.03; P = .02), and P < .001) were associated with lower stigma scores.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the need for health managers to provide training opportunities for healthcare providers, including programs that focus on improving HIV-related knowledge for healthcare providers. Enforcing policies that aim to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare providers in Iran are urgently needed.- انتشار مقاله: 02-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Fatemeh Tavakoli,Mohammad Karamouzian,Ali Ahmad Rafiei-Rad,Abedin Iranpour,Mehrdad Farrokhnia,Mehdi Noroozi,Ali Sharifi,Brandon D.L. Marshall,Mostafa Shokoohi,Hamid Sharifi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: HIV,Middle East and North Africa (MENA),Data
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Although the HIV pandemic is witnessing a decline in the number of new infections in most regions of the world, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has a rapidly growing HIV problem. While generating HIV data has been consistently increasing since 2005, MENA’s contribution to the global HIV literature is just over 1% and the existing evidence often falls behind the academic standards. Several factors could be at play that contribute to the limited quantity and quality of HIV data in MENA. This editorial tries to explore and explain the barriers to collecting high-quality HIV data and generating precise estimates in MENA. These barriers include a number of logistic and socio-political challenges faced by researchers, public health officials, and policy-makers. Looking at successful regional HIV programs, we explore examples were policies have shifted and lessons could be learned in developing appropriate responses to HIV across the region.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-02-1395
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Karamouzian,Navid Madani,Fardad Doroudi,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Stigma,fear,Ebola Virus Disease,Outbreak,West Africa
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 19-08-1393
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Karamouzian,Celestin Hategekimana
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Health Policy,Family Planning (FP),Total Fertility Rate (TFR),Population Control
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Iran’s significant success in implementing Family Planning (FP) during the past 25 years, has made it a role model in the world. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Iran has dropped from 6.5 in 1960 to 1.6 in 2012, which is well below the targeted value of 2.2 for the country. Iran’s success story, however, did not merely root in the implementation of FP programs. In other words, families’ strong tendency to limit fertility and delayed marriages had an undeniable role in decreasing the TFR. On the other hand, Iranian policy-makers are very concerned about such a decrease and have recently restricted access to contraception, while outlawing any surgery that reduces fertility. This paper, tries to highlight the pros and cons of such restrictive policies, and argue that the policy-makers might be jeopardizing the success of Iran’s FP program by overestimating its role in the TFR reduction rate.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-03-1393
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Karamouzian,Hamid Sharifi,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: One health,Veterinary Medicine,Zoonosis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 10-09-1392
- نویسندگان: Hamid Sharifi,Mohammad Karamouzian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,HIV,Sexual Partners,People Who Inject Drugs (PWID),Peer Prevention
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Despite the fact that HIV epidemic is mainly driven by injection drug use in Iran, partners of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) have been seriously neglected in terms of effective preventive interventions. Currently, sexual partners of PWID might have access to some harm reduction services at Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centers; however, their needs have not been effectively targeted and met. Unfortunately, the current programs implemented by the Ministry of Health have overlooked the importance of this population in the course of the HIV epidemic throughout the country. In this policy brief, we are trying to draw the health policy-makers’ attention to this overlooked population and while reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of some of the readily available options on the table, come up with a recommended action to tackle this problem. Our recommended action that seems to have had promising results elsewhere in Asia would try to implement preventive interventions targeting this particular population through peer prevention programs.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-11-1392
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Karamouzian,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Hamid Sharifi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Health,war,NGO,Attacks,Humanitarian Assistance,Impartiality
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: War has devastating implications for families, communities, cultures, economies, and state infrastructure. Similarly, the last decade has seen an increase in the number of attacks against health workers in conflict zones and unstable environments. Unfortunately, these attacks have grave consequences for local populations which often rely on foreign aid programs for their health and well-being. As such, this paper will examine why aid-workers have increasingly been targeted for abductions, ambushes, assassinations, and various forms of intimidation. Furthermore, examples of terminated health programs, as well as populations served by current medical and humanitarian interventions, will be provided to impart a sense of magnitude and importance of health programs to the reader. Lastly, suggestions will be presented which could serve to minimize aid-workers’ risk and exposure to acts of violence in the field.
- انتشار مقاله: 21-09-1392
- نویسندگان: Jason-Louis Carmichael,Mohammad Karamouzian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: HIV,AIDS,Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 04-06-1396
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Karamouzian,Navid Madani,Fardad Doroudi,Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Methadone,Cost-benefit analysis,maintenance,Therapeutics,HIV
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the greatest social health problems in many communities in the twenty-first century. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) could decrease HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU). The main aim of this paper was to determine the cost-effectiveness of the governmental MMT program to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among IDU.Methods: This analytical study was performed through a before-after assessment during a one-year period. Using census sampling, 251 IDU referred to the public MMT program of Kerman, Iran, were selected. The expenditures of MMT centers were calculated in the view of government (public sector). The cost-effectiveness was calculated using TreeAge software.Findings: MMT centers averted 86 new cases of HIV infection. The total cost of centers was US$471 per client in the year. The share of IDU from current expenditures was 35% and from capital expenditures was 32%. Also, methadone per capita for each person who injected drug was US$514. Per capita expenditure of HIV drug treatment was estimated US$8535 per year. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was US$2856 per year, which means governmental MMT program is cost-effective according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.Conclusion: MMT centers are cost-effective in preventing HIV infection and the access to this program should be facilitated for IDU.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-04-1396
- نویسندگان: Sirus Pourkhajoei,Mohsen Barouni,Alireza Noroozi,Ahmad Hajebi,Saeed Amini,Mohammad Karamouzian,Hamid Sharifi
- مشاهده