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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: CT,Ionization Chamber,DLP
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction
Computed Tomography scans are a very important tool for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment in the practice of medicine. Ionizing radiation in medical imaging is undoubtedly one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in medicine. Yet, as with all medical interventions, there are potential risks in addition to the clear potential benefits.
Materials and Methods
Two reference dose quantities have been defined in order to promote the use of good technique in CT. These are weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) in (mGy) for a single slice in serial scanning or per rotation in helical scanning, and dose–length product (DLP) per complete examination (mGy.cm), All measurements were performed using a pencil shaped ionization chamber introduced into polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical brain and body phantoms. This survey was performed on 7 CT scanners in Khorasan Province-Iran.
Results
DLP for brain, chest, abdomen and pelvic examinations had a range of 255 - 1026, 76-1277, 48-737, 69-854 mGy.cm, respectively.
Conclusion
The results obtained in this study show that the DLP values obtained in this province are lower than European Commission reference dose levels (EC RDL), in other words performance of all the scanners were satisfactory.- انتشار مقاله: 28-04-1391
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni Toossi,Mohammad Bahrami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Hospital Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: nurse,Hospital Performance,Teaching Hospital,Error management culture
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Objectives: In recent decades medical errors have become a major issue for scientific investigation to avoid potential harmful failures threatening patients’ health and safety. Developing risk management culture has been considered not only to play an important role in detecting and coping effectively with such errors but also lead to high level of organizational performance. This study aimed to examine the impact of risk management culture on the performance of training hospitals affiliated by Yazd University of Medical Sciences (YUMS).
Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in three training hospitals affiliated by YUMS. Research sample consisted of 150 nurses working in the hospitals who’ve been selected by proportional randomized sampling method. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire developed by Dyck et al. Collected data were entered in SPSS version 20 and analyzed through descriptive analysis methods (Mean, Standard deviation), and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: the highest mean score related to error management and performance belonged to hospital A (3.84+0.32, 3.49+0.49). In both hospitals A and B, a significant statistical relationship between error management culture and organizational performance was approved.
Conclusion: Study findings suggested that improvement in error management culture would lead to higher level of performance. In fact supportive culture in error management could be translated to high organizational performance through decreasing negative error consequences.- انتشار مقاله: 22-04-1396
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Ranjbar,Ameneh Khosravi,Mohammad Amin Bahrami,Sima Rafiei
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: protozoa,Intestinal parasites,Helminth,Ectoparasite,Red fox,Jackal
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this study prevalence of parasites in 118 samples (62 foxes and 56 jackals) was investigated in Ilam province of Iran, in 2010-2013, situated in the western part of the national capital of Iran. The nematodes which were cleared in lactophenol, cestodes and acanthocephalans were stained using acetocarmine and haematoxylen, respectively for identification of the parasite species. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected by means of the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Also, 2– 4g of fecal material was suspended in 33% zinc sulfate (SG 1.18) for detection the parasite eggs, cysts, or oocysts present in samples. Evaluation of samples indicated that 100% foxes and 100% jackal were infected with at least one of the following parasites: T. canis., A. caninum., U. stenocephala., M. lineatus., D. caninum., M. hirudinaceus., D. immitis., T.hydatigena., E. granulosus., Cryptosporidium., Giardia., Isospora., Cyclospora., Ctenocephalides canis., Rhipicephalus spp., Haemaphysalis spp. or Ixodes ricinus. The most frequently detected helminthes was D. caninum (33.92%) followed by M. lineatus (30.35%) in jackals and M. lineatus (29.03%) and T. canis (27.41%) in foxes. Giardia spp and Isospora spp were the most prevalent protozoa parasite of jackals (7.14 and 7.14%) and foxes (11.29 and 9.67 %), respectively. The most frequently observed ectoparasites were Ctenocephalides canis (10.81%) in jackals and Rhipicephalus spp (12.9%) in foxes. The results of the present investigation have implications for the ongoing control of parasite infections in carnivores in Ilam province, located in Iran and Iraq border line
- انتشار مقاله: 06-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Mostafa Razmjoo,Ali Mohammad Bahrami,Mohammad Shamsollahi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Geotechnical Geology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Upper Cretaceous,Folded Zagros,Tang-e-Abolhayat,Tang-e-Zanjiran,Maharloo
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The Upper Cretaceous Gurpi and Lower Tertiary Pabdeh formations as units of Folded Zagros were studied in three different regions (Tang-e-Abolhayat, Tang-e-Zanjiran and Maharloo) in Fars Province. Gurpi Formation consists of thin to medium bedded gray marl and marlstone interbedded with thin layers of argillaceous limestone and shale. The dominant Microfacies in this Formation are biomicrite; Index species of Globotruncana give the age of the Formation from Lower Campanian to Upper Maastrichtian. Pabdeh Formation consists of bluish gray, thin to medium bedded shale and marl and interlayers of argillaceous limestones (with purple shales and thin cherty beds) at lower part, dark gray shales and marls with interlayers of argillaceous limestone in the middle, and alternative layers of thinly bedded argillaceous limestone, shale and marl at the upper part. The dominant Microfacies are biomicrite. Index species of Globorotalia and Hantkenina give the age of Formation from Upper Paleocene to Eocene. The sedimentary environment of both formations is a bathymetrical carbonate floored basin (deep shelf or basin margin) which has deposited its facies in transgressive stage. The contact between the two formations is disconform. In Tang-e-Abolhayat it lies at the base of purple shale. In this region and also in Tang-e-Zanjiran and Maharloo, in addition to the recognition of Globorotalia velascoensis, which is attributed to lower part of the Pabdeh Formation, a glauconitic-Phosphatic bed separates the two formations. This bed represents a non-depositional (epirogeny) period from the Late Maastrichtian to the end of Early Paleocene.
- انتشار مقاله: 31-06-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Bahrami,Mahnaz Parvanehnezhad Shirazi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Geotechnical Geology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: رودخانه ی قره آغاج,بار بستری,بار معلّق,کوار,میر- پیتر ومولر
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: حوضهی آبریز رودخانهی قره آغاج از سرچشمه تا مقطع کوار دارای وسعتی در حدود 1600 کیلومتر مربع بوده و در این فاصله از جنوب باختری تا جنوب خاوری شیراز جریان دارد . در این تحقیق بار کل رسوب رودخانه ی قره آغاج تا مقطع یادشده با استفاده از خصوصیات هیدرولیکی و رسوب شناسی محاسبه شده است . این خصوصیات شامل عمق جریان، شیب کانال رودخانه، عرض رودخانه، سرعت جریان آب، آبدهی، زاویه ی قرار ذرات رسوبی و اندازه ی مشخّصه ی ذرات (d10، d30، d60و d90) هستند . به علاوه، با اندازه گیری دمای آب رودخانه، لزجت کینماتیکی آب به واسطه ی تأثیر آن در حرکت مواد رسوبی مشخّص شده است . نرخ بار معلّ ق رودخانه با استفاده از روش پیشنهادی یانگ ( 765040 تن در سال) برآورد شده است . این تحقیق نشان می دهد که میزان بار بستر براساس روش میر-پیتر و مولر حدود 21 درصد بار معلّق رودخانه را تشکیل می دهد.
- انتشار مقاله: 31-06-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Bahrami,علی رحیمی
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Geotechnical Geology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: GIS,Erosion,Sediment yield,Fournier,Kordshikh river watershed basin
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Soil is one of the most important resources in nay country and its degradation causes great losses for human beings, specially in arid and semi- arid regions. One of the existing views in watershed is a kind of management based on the analysis of a set of factors influencing watershed basin as a unit of soil and water resources. Geographical Investigation System (GIS) is used as an efficient means in evaluating and solving of many Problems of natural resources. In this connection, the rate of erosion and sediment yield of Kordshikh river, located in 20 Km west of Qir in Fars province, was studied using experimental models of MPSIAC, EPM and Fournier. In MPSIAC model the effect of nine important factors on soil erosion and sediment yield (surface geology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, present erosion condition and channel erosion) was evaluated and numerical values were assigned to them in terms of intensity and weakness of each factor. Using the sum of those values through equation Qs=38.77e0.0353R, where Qs is specific sediment (m3/ km2. yr) and R is sediment yield score, the rate of sediment yield of the basin was measured. The measured Qs for Kordshikh river was Qs= 533.67. In EPM method four coefficients (basin erosion, land use, soil sensitivity to erosion and basin mean dip) were investigated in constructed network in the map. Specific sediment rate in the basin using this method was Gsp=248.94 (m3/km2.yr). In Fournier model, Qs, the rate of specific sediment, was obtained using his first method (log Qs=2.65 log pw2/pa 0.46 log H (tan S) - 1.56) was Qs=207.91 (m3/km2.yr).
- انتشار مقاله: 01-07-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Bahrami,Ali Rahimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advances in Industrial Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Mathematical Modeling,Scheduling,Operating room,Simulation-based optimization
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: As the main source of income and expenses of hospitals, operating rooms (ORs) are the engines of hospitals' economics and they have a significant impact on public health. Many papers concerned regarding OR planning and scheduling problems, but they have not considerably applied the simulation-based optimization approach to solve the problems. In OR scheduling problems, there are a number of ORs and some surgeons with different specialties and each surgeon has a waiting list of some patients that each surgery should be planned and scheduled on the days when relevant surgeons are available. In this study, we consider two objectives: (1) minimizing the costs of overtime staffing and ORs’ idle time, and (2) minimizing the number of waiting days for patients. The mathematical model of OR scheduling problem is developed and solved by both exact method and simulation-based optimization approach. The comparison of results obtained from exact method and simulation-based optimization approach indicates that the exact method is only able to solve the small-size problems in reasonable time, while simulation-based optimization approach find competitive solutions for both small-size and large-size problems and solve large-size problems in an acceptable time.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-12-1394
- نویسندگان: Hamidreza Eskandari,Mohammad Bahrami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Opium,Osteoporosis,osteopenia
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are the most common metabolic bone diseases making the patients vulnerable to bone fragility and fracture. In this study, the association of opium consumption and osteoporosis adjusted for other risk factors was studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 619 cases including 73 men and 546 women referred to densitometry center in Kerman, Iran, were studied. Demographic information, history of opium consumption, medications, and other risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire.Findings: In a univariate analysis, opium consumption, aging, and having a body mass index (BMI) lower than 24 accompanied an increased chance of osteoporosis, while taking physical exercises on a daily basis reduces the chance of osteoporosis. Through multivariable analysis, the two variables of age group and BMI group turned out to be of significance; that is, the chance of osteoporosis or osteopenia in the age group of higher than 60 years and 45-60 years being placed in one of the levels of osteoporosis or osteopenia was 4.9 and 3.1 times higher than the age groups lower than 45 years, respectively, after being adjusted to the other variables.Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, though the risk of bone density reduction in the individuals consuming opium was higher, due to the disparity between opium consumption in the two sexes, the difference was not significant between the two groups, and it is proposed that studies on larger samples and in the both sexes be conducted to determine the impacts of opium on the bone density.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-08-1396
- نویسندگان: Zeinab Heidari,Armita Shahesmaeili,Mohammad Reza Khajeh-Bahrami,Mandana Rezazadeh-Mehrizi,Mohammad Hossein Gozashti,Vahid Moazed
- مشاهده