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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of English for Academic Purposes
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Metadiscourse,Medical RAs,Interactive,Interactional,Post-method section
- چکیده: در چند دهه اخیر، محققین ازطریق مطالعات تطبیقی، استفاده از عناصرفراکلامی را درمقالات کمی و کیفی در زبانها و فرهنگ های مختلف مورد بررسی قرارداده اند ولی تاکنون هیچ پژوهشی یک مقایسه جامع و تمام عیاری از تفاوتهای ممکن بین مقالات کمی و کیفی پزشکی نگارش شده توسط 1) نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان بومی، 2) ایرانیانی که به انگلیسی می نویسند، و 3) ایرانیانی که به فارسی می نویسند انجام نداده است. مطالعه حاضر با بهره گیری از تقسیم بندی عناصر فرا کلامی هایلند (2005) مبادرت به مقایسه 240 مقاله ای که بطور تصادفی انتخاب شده بودند (120 مقاله کمی و 120 مقاله کیفی) نموده است. از طریق مقایسه این سه گروه نویسندگان درنگارش دونوع مقاله مذکور، تشابه ای بین نویسندگان گروههای 1) و 2) مخصوصأ در مقالات کمی مشاهده گردید. نتایج حاصله میتواند مؤید این دیدگاه باشد که مقالات پزشکی کمتر از تفاوتهای اجتناب ناپذیر زبانی تأسی می پذیرند. این موضوع میتواند مؤید اهمیت بیشترشالوده عناصر کمی/کیفی در مقالات پزشکی باشد. بنابراین پیشنهاد میگردد که کلاسهای زبان تخصصی و همچنین کارگاههای مقاله نویسی که به زبان دوم برگزار میشود ازجنبه های تعاملی کلام نیز بهره مند گردند.
- چکیده انگلیسی: For the recent decades, scholars have examined the use of metadiscourse markers (MDMs) paradigmatically through several comparative studies across varying languages and cultures. No study to date, however, has investigated a comprehensive, full-fledged comparison of the possible disparities among the native English writers (NEW), Iranian English writers (IEW), and Iranian Persian writers (IPW) in crafting disciplinary research articles (RAs) in the academic field of medicine. By drawing on Hyland's (2005) metadiscourse taxonomy, the present research thus embarked on this comparison through the random selection of 240 medical research articles (RAs), 120 quantitative and 120 qualitative ones. The results could espouse the perspective that medical RA genre is less impacted by the inevitable language differences thereby giving rise to the greater importance of consensually-acknowledged disciplinary epistemology underlying medical sciences. It is then suggested that ESP classes as well as the article writing workshops held in L2 make every effort to include the interactional phase of the discourse as well.
- انتشار مقاله: 25-11-1395
- نویسندگان: Hamid Allami,Mohammad Reza Mozayyan
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Rat,oxidative stress,hepatotoxicity,CCl4,Anise seed,HepG2 cells
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): Protective effects of different extracts and essential oil from Pimpinella anisum L. seeds were examined against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity. The parameters such as serum transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase activity, hepatic glutathione content, liver lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes of liver were assessed as toxicity markers. In the in vitro model of this study, markers such as cell viability, cellular reduced and oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells were evaluated.
Materials and Methods:Human liver cancer cell line HepG2 and male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with extracts and essential oil, and markers of hepatotoxicity were investigated.
Results: The data revealed that the n-hexane extract, effectively attenuated CCl4‑induced toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models in current investigation.
Conclusion: As the oxidative stress markers were ameliorated, it might be concluded that anise seed possesses protective effects probably due to its antioxidant constituents.- انتشار مقاله: 06-12-1393
- نویسندگان: Akram Jamshidzadeh,Reza Heidari,Mojtaba Razmjou,Forouzan Karimi,Mahmood Reza Moein,Omid Farshad,Amin Reza Akbarizadeh,Mohammad Reza Houshangi Shayesteh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Omega-3,Testosterone,Catalaze (CAT),Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),Glutathione peroxidase (GPX),Polycystic ovary (PCO),Super oxide dismutase (SOD)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old). It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female subfertility. This study aimed to confirm the role of nutrition containing omega-3 (polyunsaturated fatty acid) on control of experimental PCO induced by estradiol-valerat in rats.
Materials and Methods: Wistar female rats (n=40) were allocated into control (n=10) and test groups (n= 30), test group was subdivided into 3 groups: G1, received omega-3 (240 mg/kg/orally/daily); G2 and G3 groups were induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (16 mg/kg/IM). Group 3 received omega-3 (240 mg/kg/orally/daily) and low carbohydrate feeding for 60 subsequent days; on sixtieth day 5 ml blood samples and ovarian tissues of all rats in the group were removed and prepared for biochemical and hormonal analysis.
Results: Catalase, GPX (Glutathione peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) in groups that received omega-3showed higher levels, but MDA (malondialdehyde) level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in comparison with other experimental groups. Ovarian weights in both experimental and control groups were similar (P<0.05). Level of serum FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) was decreased, but level of testosterone was significantly increased (P<0.05) in PCO group in comparison with control and omega-3 groups.
Conclusion: Results revealed that administration of omega-3 plus lower carbohydrate food significantly controlled PCO syndrome and balanced FSH and testosterone.- انتشار مقاله: 29-11-1392
- نویسندگان: Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek,Arash Khaki,Sharareh Khanahmadi,Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashtiani,Pooya Paknejad,Mohammad Reza Ayubi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Thalassemia Major,Crossover design,Desfonak,Desferal
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
Beta thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is one of the most common genetic disorders that reduces the amount of specific chain production in hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Desfonak with Desferal in patients with β-thalassemia major in Iran.
Materials and Methods
The study was a two-treatment and two-period crossover Randomizedclinical trialdesign that was carried out on 100 thalassemic patients referred to Mohammad Kermanshahi hospital of Kermanshah city, Iran in 2018-19. Eligible patients were divided into two groups using a random number table (Group A, n=50; Group B, n=50). The group A received Desferal then Desfonak vs. (30 mg/kg in 8 h and 6 days in a week). The group B received Desfonak then Desferal. The data collection tool was a checklist, including variables of age, sex, AST, ALT, ferritin, urea, creatinine and different complications of gastrointestinal, articular, skin, respiratory system and hearing problems. The data were analyzed by STATA software (version 14.0).
Results
The results of the study showed that there are no significant statistical differences between Desferal and Desfonakin terms of different complications of GI, articular, skin, respiratory and hearing systems (P>0.05). Also, the results showed that there was no significant statistical difference between Desferal and Desfonak in terms of variables of AST, ALT, ferritin, urea and creatinine at two time periods (P>0.05).
Conclusion
The results of this study highlighted that Desfonak and Desferal have similar efficacy and safety in patients with thalassemia major.- انتشار مقاله: 21-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Reza Golpayegani,Nargece Soraya,Reza Akramipour,Mansour Rezaei
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Political Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Qajar,Safavid,capitals,clergy,Pierre Bourdieu,Fields
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 11-08-1398
- نویسندگان: Reza Nou Doost,Mohammad Reza Mayeli
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Survey,Artificial Neural Networks,Reinforcement Learning,Adaptive Networks
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In recent years, researches on reinforcement learning (RL) have focused on bridging the gap between adaptive optimal control and bio-inspired learning techniques. Neural network reinforcement learning (NNRL) is among the most popular algorithms in the RL framework. The advantage of using neural networks enables the RL to search for optimal policies more efficiently in several real-life applications. Although many surveys investigated general RL, no survey is specifically dedicated to the combination of artificial neural networks and RL. This paper therefore describes the state of the art of NNRL algorithms, with a focus on robotics applications. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is started with a discussion on the concepts of RL. Then, a review of several different NNRL algorithms is presented. Afterwards, the performances of different NNRL algorithms are evaluated and compared in learning prediction and learning control tasks from an empirical aspect and the paper concludes with a discussion on open issues.
- انتشار مقاله: 09-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Ahmad Ghanbari,Yasaman Vaghei,Sayyed Mohammad Reza Sayyed Noorani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Pistachio,Aflatoxin,Natural uranium
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Nowadays, the separation of pistachios which seem to have aflatoxin is done according to their organoleptic physical qualities like color and etc. As these methods are not fully practical, and there is always a possibility of error and also the conditions like the wrong time harvest, the transportation of picked pistachios, the delay on the processing cause some contaminations in pistachios which do not have particular physical qualities and which are not separable and the detoxification methods must be surveyed. In this paper, the effect of Gamma, Beta, and Alpha rays from natural uranium activity on Aflatoxin reduction was analyzed. Beta and Alpha rays don’t pass through the exterior shell of pistachio. Therefore, we need to consider only Gamma rays. So, the Aflatoxin infected pistachios were put into two thick cast iron containers (steam boilers), which one of them included natural uranium soil and the other normal soil and the pistachios were kept there for ten days. Then, the amounts of Aflatoxin in the two boilers were measured by HPLC method and the data were compared. The results show that the B1 Aflatoxin in the natural uranium boiler has reduced from 134.85 ng/g to 72.28 ng/g where as the B1 Aflatoxin in the normal soil boiler has not changed at all. This cheap method on Aflatoxin reduction can cause the increase on pistachio export, improvement of economic situation of the society, reduction of cancer contamination and increase of the society health
- انتشار مقاله: 26-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Zahra Mahdi Zadeh,Zahra Rezaei,Mohammad Reza Rezaie Rayeni Nejad,Javid Amini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Astigmatism,Novel method,Formulation,Measuremen
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in Physics and medical physics books theoretically. In this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. The results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance or the farthest vision’s distance to clarity condition at that angle”. Secondly, the degree of astigmatism which has been theoretically formulated is measured with a lens with a special focus. To read the degree of astigmatism faster, we have tried to let the machine show the degrees automatically
- انتشار مقاله: 26-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Amir Iranmanesh,Ali Rezaie,Mohammad Reza Rezaie Rayeni Nejad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Mashhad,medicine,Personality,specialty
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: selecting a specialty is one of the most difficult decision of medical practitioners, and this selection depends on personal factors, such as motives and dimensions of personality traits. Therefore, this study investigates relation between of dimensions of Personality traits on selecting the specialty for Medical Students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 243 medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Data were obtained from two demographics questionnaires and 125-item questionnaire of personality assessment according to Cloninger theory and TCI test. The association among 7 dimensions of personality traits in four groups including surgery-general, internal medicine, diagnostic and psychiatric specialties was assessed by applying SPSS software and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. In this study, a= 0.05 was considered as significance level.
Results: There was a significant difference between men and women in reward dependency, harm avoidance and self-directedness (p <0.05).women had a higher mean in terms of reward dependence and harm avoidance, however, lower mean regarding the self-directedness dimension. There were significant differences regarding personality dimensions, harm avoidance, persistence and self-directedness among specialties (p <0.05), so that harm avoidance, persistence and self-directedness had the highest mean in psychiatric specialty, surgery-general specialty and diagnostic specialty, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering that personality patterns in specialties can be different, thus, awareness of the association between personality traits and the selection of specialty can help students, managers and planners in the future.- انتشار مقاله: 30-09-1397
- نویسندگان: Hossein Tireh,Monavar Afzalaghaee,Mohammad Reza Fayyazi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Future of Medical Education Journal
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Students,Field selection,Incentive
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The dramatic increase in the number of general practitioners and their limited job situations has increased the desire to continue studies in specialized fields. However, different fields are not desired in the same way. Therefore, to plan for the guidance of general practitioners towards fields needed for the society, understanding the motives for choosing a field is necessary. The present study is aimed to investigate the incentives affecting the selection of specialty field in the students of medicine of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 243 interns. In this study, the medical school graduation questionnaire was used. After collecting the data, they were first coded into fields and then in four groups of surgery, internal medicine, diagnostics medicine, and psychiatry and analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: In this study, the five most popular fields were radiology, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, pathology, and dermatology, respectively. Fields with the least interest were infectious diseases, oncology and internal medicine. There was a significant difference between the desired field and sex (p = 0.003). Among factors affecting the choice of specialty, good income had the highest mean, which was significantly different between men and women (p = 0.011).
Conclusion: Currently, it seems that students are more concerned with issues such as income and the ease of study than they are concerned with their interests and academic qualities and competencies.- انتشار مقاله: 30-11-1396
- نویسندگان: Monavar Afzalaghaee,Hossein Tireh,Mohammad Reza Fayyazi,Mona Zohdi
- مشاهده