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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Corporate Social Responsibility,Supply Chain Coordination,promotional efforts,periodic review order-up-to policy,cost-sharing contract
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this paper, we explore the issue of coordination in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain where the manufacturer is socially responsible and invests in CSR activities. On the other hand, the retailer invests in promotional efforts and uses a periodic review order-up-to policy for replenishing items. First, the decentralized decision-making structure is modeled to calculate the minimum acceptable level for the members profit to accept coordination. Then, the centralized structure is formulated to obtain the benchmark solutions for the whole supply chain profitability. Afterwards, a cost-sharing (CS) contract is proposed to persuade the members to accept the centralized decision-making structure and to follow the benchmark solutions. The results of the sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the proposed coordination model is beneficial from three aspects, i. e. economic, environmental and social viewpoint, compared to the decentralized model. Furthermore, some outstanding managerial insights are provided which further illustrates the applicability of the proposed model.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-10-1396
- نویسندگان: Seyyed-Mahdi Hosseini-Motlagh,Parvin Pazari,Mina Nouri
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: N-acetylcysteine,Gamma-Irradiation,Radioprotective,Radiation Sickness
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction It has long been known that ionizing radiation can lead to detrimental effects in normal cells. In this light, Radioprotective chemicals have been used to decrease morbidity or mortality caused by ionizing irradiation. This study aimed to evaluate the radio-protective effect of N-acetylcysteineagainst radiation-induced mortality in male mice. Materials and Methods 52 healthy male mice were divided into four groups including NAC before irradiation (1), irradiation (2), NAC after irradiation (3) NAC before irradiation (4) and control. Three groups were treated orally with 100 mg/ kg of NAC. Gamma irradiation was performed at 8 Gy using a Co-60 machine. Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were performed, using SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the test and control groups (P<0.05). The percentage of survival after 30 days was 46.2% for the irradiation group (1). In addition, the percentage of decreased lifespan was calculated at 5.90%, 23.60% and 17.93% for the first-third groups, respectively. Conclusion Results revealed lack of effectiveness of treatment with NAC after lethal dose. These results suggested that application of NAC for mice before irradiation protected them from the lethal effects of whole-body irradiation.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Ashkan Salajegheh,Mehdi Hoseini,Mina Nouri,Rasool Dehghani Soltani,Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Computed Tomography,Radiation Dosimetry
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: International Commission on Radiological Protection introduced three basic principles of radiation protection, namely justification, optimization, and dose limit. Medical exposure has no dose limits, and generally, diagnostic reference levels are used as a tool for optimization of patient protection.
Material and Methods: Dosimetry was performed on 20 CT scanners located in 14 cities in 12 provinces of Iran. A calibrated pencil-shaped ionization chamber, standard head and body CT dosimetry phantoms and a radiation monitor were used to determine and calculate Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) and Dose Length Product (DLP). The DLP-based estimates of effective dose were derived using effective dose conversion coefficients.
Results: The nCTDIw values for head phantoms fell within the range of 22.05-168.38 and 43.77-426.69 µGy/mAs for 5 and 10mm slice thicknesses, respectively. These values for body phantom were 4.65-146.39 and 9.43-308.92 µGy/mAs for 5 and 10mm slice thicknesses, respectively. The third quartile of CTDIvol and DLP values for head CT examinations were 49.85 mGy and 1161.00 mGy-cm, respectively. The body CT examinations had the values of 8.89 mGy and 370.97 mGy-cm, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the above-mentioned values can be considered as national diagnostic reference levels for head and body CT examinations in Iran.
Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that there is a need to re-assess DRLs for CT examinations at regular time intervals by the appropriate regulatory authority which can improve the continuous performance of CT scanners in Iran.- انتشار مقاله: 09-04-1397
- نویسندگان: Mohsen Asadinezhad,Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni Toossi,Mina Nouri
- مشاهده