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- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Candida albicans,Expression,Vulvovaginal candidiasis,Filamentous growth,TUP1 gene
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is one of the most common gynecological conditions in healthy and diabetic women, as well as antibiotic users. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between TUP1 gene expression patterns and symptomatic recurrent C. albicans infections.
Materials and Methods: This research was performed on C. albicans samples isolated from the vaginal specimens obtained from 31 individuals with RVVC in 2016. The reference strain C. albicans ATCC 10231, 10 C. albicans strains isolated from minimally symptomatic patients, and 10 isolates from asymptomatic patients were also used as control strains. The relative mRNA expression of the TUP1 gene was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).
Results: The QRT-PCR results revealed that TUP1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased (0.001-0.930 fold) in the C. albicans isolates obtained from RVVC patients (p <0.001). However, no TUP1 expression was detectable in the isolates collected from asymptomatic patients. The results also indicated a significant correlation between TUP1 mRNA expression level and the severity of itching and discharge (p <0.001).
Conclusion: The present results were suggestive of the probable contribution of TUP1, as a part of the transcriptional repressor, to the severity of the symptoms related to C. albicans infections in the vagina. Regarding this, it is required to perform more in vivo studies using a larger sample size to characterize the regulatory or stimulatory function of TUP1 in the severity of RVVC symptoms. Furthermore, the study and identification of the genes involved in the severity of the symptomatic manifestations of C. albicans, especially in resistant strains, may lead to the recognition of an alternative antifungal target to enable the development of an effective agent.- انتشار مقاله: 27-07-1398
- نویسندگان: Mona Ghazanfari,Azam Fattahi,Mehraban Falahati,Majid Bakhshizadeh,Maryam Roudbary,Faramarz Masjedian Jazi,Mohsen Keykhosravi,Ensieh Lotfali
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: RT-PCR,Gene expression,MDR-1,C. albicans,CDR-2,Vulvovaginal candidiasis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic fungus that can colonize women’s mucosal epithelial cell surfaces, causing vulvovaginitis in specific circumstances. The major genes contributing to drug resistance in C. albicans are the candida drug resistance (CDR) and multi drug resistance (MDR) genes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CDR-2 and MDR-1 gene expression patterns in C. albicans strains isolated from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 isolates of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. These isolates were collected from women with vulvovaginitis who were referred to a clinic in Tehran, Iran, and transferred to a mycology laboratory. Then, RNA was extracted from the isolates using phenolchloroform and glass beads, and the complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthetized. To detect the semi-quantitative expression of CDR-2 and MDR-1 genes, the reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) technique was performed using specific primers.
Results: Our findings indicated that of the 40 C. albicans isolates, 35 (87.5%) strains were positive for mRNA of the CDR-2 gene, 32 (80%) strains expressed mRNA of the MDR-1 gene, and 30 (75%) strains were confirmed to express mRNA of both the CDR-2 and MDR-1 genes simultaneously using the RT-PCR assay.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the expression rates of CDR-2 and MDR-1 genes were high in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates, which can cause treatments to fail and result in chronic infections.Inhibiting these important genes using novel or natural agents can help with the treatment of chronic and recurrent vaginitis.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Kamal Khosravi Rad,Mehraban Falahati,Maryam Roudbary,Shirin Farahyar,Sanam Nami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Allergy,Aspergillus,Protein identification,Protein fractionation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Allergy is an undesired immune response to non-pathogenic agents. However, some opportunistic microorganisms such as fungi can also cause allergy. Among those fungi, hyphae form of Aspergillus strains including A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger could be mentioned. In this study, we aimed to separate allergic proteins from Aspergillus strains and determine their identity.
Materials and Methods: Standard species of Aspergillus strains were cultivated in optimized conditions and the mycelium was separated by centrifugation. The fungal cells were lysed through physical methods such as freezethawing and grinding to prepare a suitable protein extract. The protein concentration was measured by Bradford method and the electrophoretic pattern of the extract was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The proteins were fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system. The IgE immunoreactivity of the sensitized patients and controls was studied using the fractionated proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following SDS-PAGE, proteins were electrotransferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and the strips were blotted with allergic patients' and controls' sera. The immunoreactive bands were excised from colloidal coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gels and studied by mass spectroscopy methods.
Results: Among the studied species, A. fumigatus showed stronger IgE reactivity and more IgE reactive protein bands than others did. The proteins with higher molecular weights showed stronger immunoreactivity in Western blotting. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a correlation between the results of the applied ELISA methods. One of the most prominent IgE reactive proteins was confirmed to be 45 kDa mycelia catalase.
Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that high molecular weight proteins might play a major role in allergy and IgE reactivity to Aspergillus species. Moreover, the results showed that precipitation and chromatographic methods are applicable for fractionation of fungal proteins such as mycelial catalase.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehraban Falahati,Reza Falak
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: diabetes,HbA1c,Candida,Urinary tract infections
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: The presence of Candida yeasts in urine, known as candiduria, is an indicator of infection or colonization of the urinary tract by Candida species. This condition in diabetic patients can be hazardous due to diminished immune system response. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of candiduria in diabetic patients and to identify its causative agents. Furthermore, the demographic and laboratory (HbA1c, urine glucose and pH, urine culture colony count, and fasting blood sugar) data and their possible associations with candiduria were investigated.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed on 305 diabetic patients referred to
the diabetes research center, Hamedan, Iran, during April 2015 to September 2015. Urine and blood specimens were
collected and urine analysis, urine culture, FBS, and HbA1c tests were performed. Positive cases were subjected to
colony count and the causative agents were subsequently identified through the routine identification tests, as well as
colony color in CHROMagar Candida medium, and the assimilation patterns in API 20 C auxanographic method.
Results: Among the 305 cases, 38 (%12.5) were positive for candiduria. Causative agents were identified as
Candida glabrata (n=19, 50%), C. albicans (n=12, 31.6%), C. krusei (n=4, 10.5%), C. tropicalis (n=2, 5.3%), and
C. kefyr (n=1, 2.6%). According to the results of the statistical analyses, there were significant association between
candiduria and female gender, high FBS and urine glucose, uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c ≥8), and acidic urine pH (P < /em><0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the high incidence rate of candiduria in diabetic patients, control of diabetes, predisposing factors, and causal relationships between diabetes and candiduria should be highlighted.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehraban Falahati,Shirin Farahyar,Lame Akhlaghi,Kamran Sabzian,Mohamad Yarahmadi,Reza Aslani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Biofilm,Candida species,Acrylic resins,Denture,Nano-chitosan Particles
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: In people wearing dentures, the growth of various Candida species under the prosthesis
leads to the formation of biofilm, which can play the role of a reservoir for Candida and other kinds of microbes. Since
nano-chitosan particles can cause lasting antimicrobial activity, a more recent approach that utilizes acrylic resins with
nano-chitosan particles is proposed. Therefore, we aimed to study the inhibitory effect of nano-chitosan particles on the
biofilm formation of Candida species in acrylic resins.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical in-vitro study, acrylic resins with nano-chitosan particles with concentrations of
0, 1%, 5%, and 10% were put adjacent to the suspension of Candida cells isolated from the individuals’ mouth and biofilm
formation on resins was measured and compared. Finally, the data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests.
Results:The observed differences between unmodified acrylic resin (control) and acrylic resin with nano-chitosan
particles in terms of biofilm formation were significant (p <0.05), but no significant difference was found in the formation
of biofilm species on resins.
Conclusion: Biofilm formation of Candida species depends on acrylic resin type, in a way that by adding nano-chitosan
particles to acrylic resins, biofilm formation of Candida species was significantly reduced. To decrease the organization
of biofilm and denture stomatitis, the use of acrylics with nano-chitosan particles in producing dentures is recommended.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Zeinab Sadeghi Ardestani,Mehraban Falahati,Sharareh Sayah Alborzi,Mahtab Ashrafi Khozani,Fatemeh Rostam Khani,Abbas Bahador
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Epidemiology,Epidermophyton,Microsporum,Tinea,Trichophyton
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common infections of skin, hair, and nails, caused by a group of keratinophilic fungi known as dermatophytes. Species identification of these fungi is of great significance from epidemiological and therapeutic points of view. The objective of the present study was to investigate dermatophytosis and its causative agents in patients, referring to the Central Mycology Laboratory of Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In total, 139 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were examined during 12 months from February 2014 to February 2015. Skin scrapings were assessed through direct microscopic examinations and culture studies. Dermatophyte isolates were identified based on colony morphology on potato dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium, nutritional requirements, urease and hair perforation tests, and microscopic characteristics on slide cultures.
Results: Dermatophytosis was mycologically confirmed in 26 (18.70%) out of 139 cases. Although there was a statistically insignificant difference between male and female subjects, men were dominantly affected. Infection was significantly common in the age group of ≤ 29 years (p <0.043). The most common clinical manifestation of dermatophytosis was tinea corporis (69.2%), followed by tinea cruris (15.4%), tinea manuum (11.5%), and tinea pedis (3.8%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex was the main etiologic agent (38.5%), followed by T. rubrum (23%), T. violaceum (15.5%), T. verrucosum (11.5%), Microsporum canis (7.7%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (3.8%).
Conclusion: In comparison with previous research, epidemiology of dermatophytosis has changed in Yazd over the past decades. Therefore, periodical investigations on the epidemiological aspects of this infection are required for efficient control and prevention of this cutaneous dermatophytic disease.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Sara Rashidian,Mehraban Falahati,Parivash Kordbacheh,Mahmoud Mahmoudi,Mahin Safara,Hossein Sadeghi Tafti,Shahram Mahmoudi,Farideh Zaini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,dermatophytes,Onychomycosis,Tinea capitis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Tinea capitis and tinea unguium are regarded as global public health concerns. The purpose of the present study was to identify the etiological agents of tinea capitis and tinea unguium in patients, referring to the Central Laboratory of Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2014-2015. Skin scraping, scalp hair, and nail clipping specimens were collected from 134 patients (80 males and 54 females) with clinical features suggesting fungal involvement. Direct microscopic examinations were carried out, using potassium hydroxide 10%, while culture studies were performed on Sabouraud dextrose agar, containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide at 28°C for four weeks. Fungal colonies were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as supplementary diagnostic tests.
Results: Among 134 patients, 12 cases showed positive results on direct examination and culture studies. The frequency of infections was equal among male and female subjects. Among 12 affected cases, the frequency of tinea capitis and tinea unguium was 91.6% and 8.4%, respectively. Microsporum canis (50%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Trichophyton verrucosum (25%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (25%). Also, tinea unguium, caused by T. mentagrophytes, was found in a female patient.
Conclusion: The etiological agents of scalp and nail dermatophytosis have changed in Yazd over the past 13 years. In the present study, replacement of anthropophilic dermatophytes by zoophilic species was noteworthy, highlighting the necessity of efficient surveillance for the management and prevention of infections.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Hossein Sadeghi Tafti,Mehraban Falahati,Parivash Kordbacheh,Mahmoud Mahmoudi,Mahin Safara,Sara Rashidian,Shahram Mahmoudi,Farideh Zaini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Candida albicans,In vitro,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Pistacia,Candida glabrata
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Despite the availability of various treatments for fungal diseases, there are some limitations in the management of these conditions due to multiple treatment-related side-effects. The present study was designed to investigate the antifungal properties of different extracts from Pistacia atlantica Desf. Materials and Methods: Different parts of P. atlantica (i.e., dried fruit, fresh fruit and dried leaf) were separately extracted via percolation method with 80% methanol and water. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the main constituents of leaf and fruit extracts from P. atlantica. In vitro anti-Candida activities of the extracts against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. For this purpose, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined, using broth microdilution method, according to the modified M27-A3 protocol on yeasts, proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: Based on GC/MS analysis, the main constituents of P. atlantica fruit extracts were &beta-myrcene (41.4%), &alpha-pinene (32.48%) and limonene (4.66%), respectively, whereas the major constituents of P. atlantica leaf extracts were trans-caryophyllene (15.18%), &alpha-amorphene (8.1%) and neo-allo-ocimene (6.21%), respectively. As the findings indicated, all the constituents exhibited both fungistatic and fungicidal activities, with MICs ranging from 6.66 to 26.66 mg/mL and MFCs ranging from 13.3 to 37.3 mg/mL, respectively. Among the evaluated extracts, the methanolic fresh fruit extract of P. atlantica was significantly more effective than other extracts (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, novel antifungal agents need to be developed, and use of P. atlantica should be promoted in the traditional treatment of Candida infections.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehraban Falahati,Asghar Sepahvand,Hossein Mahmoudvand,Parastoo Baharvand,Siamak Jabbarnia,Aynaz Ghojoghi,Mohammad Yarahmadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Apoptosis,Lung cancer,β-glucans,Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective: β-glucan, glucopyranosyl polymers of fungi cell wall, represent an immune stimulating effects with potential anti-cancer activity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immunomodulating properties in cancer microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Candida albicans (C. albicans) beta-glucan on MSCs supernatant for apoptosis assay of lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Beta-glucan was extracted from cell wall of C.albicans. MSC isolated from adipose tissue of patients and confirmed using specific surface markers expression which examined by flow cytometry. MSCs treated with various concentrations of β-glucans for 48 hours. Cytotoxic effect of β-glucans was evaluated using MTT assay. MSC and lung cancer line cocultured and treated with β-glucans and apoptosis assay was done by flow cytometry. Results: Cytotoxicity findings showed a significant decrease in MSC viability during 48h, however it was dose-dependent (P<0.05). According to the obtained findings, supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells treated with β-glucans increased cancer cells apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Beta glucan may highlight a potential and novel promising candidate in future strategies to cause apoptosis of cancer cells and consider as therapeutic agent against tumor growth as well. Definitely, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to understand its functions.
- انتشار مقاله: 26-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Fatemeh Peymaeei,Fatemeh Sadeghi,Elahe Safari,Samaneh Khorrami,Mehraban Falahati,Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi,Maryam Roudbary
- مشاهده