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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Recherches en Langue et Littérature Françaises
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: traduction,Herméneutique,Imaginal,Sacré,Ta'wil
- چکیده: Etant polysémiques, les textes sacrés exigent une conscience élevée de leur réalité existentielle. Selon Heidegger différents modes de l'existence ont un impact sur l'état de la conscience et le niveau de la compréhension. Henry Corbin affirme que l'approche de Ta'wil correspond à un degré de la manifestation de l'existence: la présence pure qui répond à une compréhension parfaite de la réalité. Ce genre de compréhension implique la logique du contradictoire, théorisée par Lupasco : l'on voit comment l’actualisation d’un aspect de la réalité, potentialise l’autre aspect de cette même réalité et fait émerger des deux sens opposés, un troisième, »Tiers inclus«, tout à fait nouveau et différent. Le Ta'wil par cette actualisation particulière dévoile le sens caché du texte. D'autre part, via l'imagination transcendantale et les images-corps, le Ta'wil accède à une manifestation de la réalité dans l'âme sous l'avènement de la Face divine. En harmonie avec l'Un absolu, ce monde imaginal fournit alors une vision imagée du sens et assure l'interprétation herméneutique verticale et profonde du texte sacré: son Ta'wil.
- چکیده انگلیسی: متون مقدس دارای سطوح مختلف معناییاند بگونهای که سطح بالایی از خودآگاهی برای درک واقعیت وجودیشان لازم است. از طرفی هایدگر نیز قائل به سطوح مختلفی از وجود است که میتوانند خودآگاه و سطح فهم موجود را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. بنابرین با نظر هایدگر میتوان نوعی تحلیل هرمنوتیکی از سطوح معنایی متون مقدس ارائه داد. از طرفی هانری کربن معتقد است که تأویل نوعی روش هرمنوتیک برای فهم معناست. میتوان گفت که این نوع فهم با منطق تقابل و تضاد که توسط لوپاسکو تبیین شده در ارتباط است و بواسطه آن میتوان توضیح داد که چگونه لایههای معنایی متفاوت و متضاد از یک متن حاصل میآیند و حتی منجر به ظهور معنای پنهان متن میگردند. همچنین بواسطه مفهوم عالم مثال، سطوح شناخت انسان قابل تبیین و بررسیاند: با تکیه بر تصاویر عالم مثال و نمادهای آن به شهودی از وجود و معنا، تأویل، میتوان رسید. لذا در این تحقیق ارتباط این مفاهیم وعوالم حضور تبیین و اثبات گردیدهاند.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Ahmadi,Masoumeh Ahmadi,Masoumeh Ahmadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Rangeland Science
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Golestan,forage quality,Phenological Stages,Vetiveria zizanioides
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Abstract. Information on forage quality in phenological stage could help range managers to choose suitable grazing method to achieve higher animal performance without detriment to vegetation. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) is a non-native perennial grass that was introduced to the Iran in 2008. This plant is a multi use species that could be considered from different viewpoints. Thus, its forage quality in three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and maturity) was investigated. Samples of each stage were collected and analyzed for 7 quality traits such as Crude Protein (CP), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Metabolizable Energy (ME), Digestible Energy (DE), Ash content (Ash) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). Data were statically analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean comparisons were done by Duncan method. The results indicate that there was a significant difference among phenological stages for all the traits (p<0.01). As the plant age increased, the quality values including CP (from 8.89% to 5.25%), DMD (34.79% to 31.63%), ME (3.91 to 3.38 MJ/Kg), Ash (6.7% to 5.5 %,), DE (1.71 to 1.64 Mcals/Kg) and TDN (23.07% to 20.79%) were decreased while ADF was increased (from 63.72% to 65.7%). This led to the reduction of Vetiver grass forage quality. Because of lower values of CP, ME and DMD (except vegetative stage) and higher values of ADF, it was suggested that this species had no prominent place in the ruminants' diet. However, it played important roles in soil conservation and it may be complementary to the native vegetation because it is available at different times of the year considering its phenology and growth season.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-05-1393
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Ahmadi Beni,Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher,Mojgan Sadat Azimi,Mashad Gholi Maramaei
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Herbal Drugs
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: WOUND HEALING,Biarum straussii,Phytomedicine,Rhizome extract
- چکیده: Background & Aim:Phytomedicine or herbal medicine, refers to the use of plants to treat diseases and promote good health. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the medicinal herbs make them logical adjuvant to improve wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of Biarum straussiis’ (B. straussii) rhizome extract on cutaneous wounds in rats.
Experimental: Adult male rats (n=18) were divided into three groups (n=6), as group A, B and C. Then, full-thickness, square shape cutaneous wounds were created on the skin. In group A, as negative control, the wound area was only washed using normal saline solution; in group B as positive control, the wound was treated using phenytoin and the wound treatment using B. straussii rhizome extract was done in group C, as experimental subject. The progressive changes in wounds of each group were evaluated for the contraction degree on days 4,7,10 and 14. The tissue samples of the wound area were removed from each group on day 14, fixed in 10% formalin and finally stained with H&E for histological examination. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey-Kramer test (p < /em><0.05).
Results: The wound contraction was higher in group treated with B. straussii extractthan in control group at 7th, 10th and 14th days (p < /em><0.0001). The histological analysis showed a significant accelerated wound contraction, complete re-epithelialization, and tissue recovery due to the topical application of B. straussii rhizome extract.
Recommended applications/ industries: It can be concluded that the rhizome extract of B. straussii is favorable for cutaneous wound healing in rats and would be considered as a medicinal plant, but further studies are required to reach more definitive results.- چکیده انگلیسی: Background & Aim:Phytomedicine or herbal medicine, refers to the use of plants to treat diseases and promote good health. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the medicinal herbs make them logical adjuvant to improve wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of Biarum straussiis’ (B. straussii) rhizome extract on cutaneous wounds in rats.
Experimental: Adult male rats (n=18) were divided into three groups (n=6), as group A, B and C. Then, full-thickness, square shape cutaneous wounds were created on the skin. In group A, as negative control, the wound area was only washed using normal saline solution; in group B as positive control, the wound was treated using phenytoin and the wound treatment using B. straussii rhizome extract was done in group C, as experimental subject. The progressive changes in wounds of each group were evaluated for the contraction degree on days 4,7,10 and 14. The tissue samples of the wound area were removed from each group on day 14, fixed in 10% formalin and finally stained with H&E for histological examination. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey-Kramer test (p <0.05).
Results: The wound contraction was higher in group treated with B. straussii extractthan in control group at 7th, 10th and 14th days (p <0.0001). The histological analysis showed a significant accelerated wound contraction, complete re-epithelialization, and tissue recovery due to the topical application of B. straussii rhizome extract.
Recommended applications/ industries: It can be concluded that the rhizome extract of B. straussii is favorable for cutaneous wound healing in rats and would be considered as a medicinal plant, but further studies are required to reach more definitive results.- انتشار مقاله: 08-04-1399
- نویسندگان: Sahar Ekradi,Tahereh Momeni- Isfahani,Mohammad Alimoradi,Masoumeh Khanahmadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: pragmatic transfer,Refusal Speech Act,Semantic Formulae,Discourse Completion Test (DCT)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study aimed to investigate the production of refusals in three languages and to specify the impact of linguistic knowledge on pragmatic transfer of refusals. To this end, 161 participants in 5groups filled out a Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Data was coded and analyzed according to semantic formula sequences. The data obtained from Kurdish learners of English who were also fluent in Farsi (Trilinguals) were compared with those in other four groups: 1)Native English speakers; 2)Monolingual speakers in Farsi; 3) Monolingual speakers in Kurdish; and 4) Bilingual Farsi learners of English. The results revealed that pragmatic transfer exists in choice and content of semantic formulae. It was also found that the sociocultural norms of English, Farsi, and Kurdish languages differ with respects to the refusal speech act and that individuals’ social power and relative distance play a critical role in performing such a speech act. This research suggests that, in spite of the norm differences existing among these languages, transfer of refusals mostly occurs from Kurdish as L1but not from L2 (Farsi) to L3 (English).
- انتشار مقاله: 16-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Saeed Mehrpour,Masoume Ahmadi,Naser SabourianZadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Reading Comprehension,Key Words: D-study,G- study,Generalizability theory,PhD Entrance Exam
- چکیده: این تحقیق به بررسی برخی از مشکلات داوطلبان دکتری در امتحان ورودی شان در پاسخ به سوالات درک مطلب زبان عمومی می پردازد. بدین منظور, محققین "نوع سوالات" و "نوع متن" را بعنوان "اثرات اصلی" و "اثر مبادله/ ترکیب شان" را با استفاده از نظریه تعمیم پذیری برای بررسی تغییرپذیری درنظر گرفتند. پاسخنامه 321 داوطلب در یک شبه ازمون استانداری از سراسر ایران که در یک موسسه معروفی شرکت نمودند بطور تصادفی انتخاب شد. با استفاده از طرح پارشل نست از این نظریه در برنامه جنوا, محققین 5 مولفه تغییرپذیری را در دو متن متفاوت با سوالات متمایز تعیین نمودند و منابع مختلف اشتباهات که در این پروسه سنجش وجود دارد را مشخص نمودند. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که تاثیر اصلی نوع سوالات را نمی توان از تبادل و ترکیب نوع سوال و متن جدا نمود و همچنین مشخص شد که نوع سوالات باعث میزان قابل توجه ایی از پراکندگی می شود و بنابراین انها بر عملکرد داوطلبین تاثیر دارند. باوجود این نتایج حاصل از "مطالعه دی" نشان دادکه تاثیر اصلی نوع متن صفر بوده و هردو متن در یک سطح دشواری بودند. همچنین خود داوطلبین بر متن ها در تبادلشان تاثیرگذاربودند. این تحقیق می تواند محققین, طراحان سوال و تهیه کنندگان انرا برای بررسی دقیق تر رهنمون و تشویق نماید.
- چکیده انگلیسی: This study investigates some problems of PhD applicants in their entrance exams in the case of answering the reading comprehension questions. To this end, the researchers considered the item types and text types as main effects and their interaction effect using generalizability theory for examining the variability; the answer sheets of a mock-test from 321 applicants, from all parts of Iran, enrolled in an institute were randomly selected. Using a partially nested design of G-theory in the GENOVA program, the researchers identified five variance components in the two different passages with distinct items and investigated various sources of error that are involved in the measurement process. The results of the study showed that the main effect for items cannot be separated from the interaction between items and texts, and clarified that the items facet had a noticeable amount of variance, and therefore, they impacted the applicants' performance. However, the results of D-studies showed that the main effect for text types was zero, and both texts were at the same level of difficulty. Also, the persons had effects on the texts in their interaction. This study can motivate the researchers, test developers, and test designers to consider their work more carefully.
- انتشار مقاله: 14-02-1398
- نویسندگان: Masoumeh Ahmadi Shirazi,Seyyed Mohammad Alavi,Hossein Salarian
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Advances in Environmental Technology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Air pollution,Spatial zoning,Interpolation models,Tehran,PM 2.5
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this study, spatial zoning models were compared to evaluate the concentrations of PM 2.5 on a large scale in the urban landscape of Tehran. The spatial analysis of PM 2.5 concentration was conducted based on the data from twenty-four stations that measure and monitor the air in Tehran. Three interpolation models were used to assess the air pollution status via Arc GIS 10.6.1 software: universal kriging (UK), ordinary kriging (OK), and inverse distance weighted (IDW). The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) were applied to compare the spatial models and select the best model. Standardized root-mean-square error (RMSE) was used to select the best conditions for running the OK and UK models. The results showed that the southern and central regions of Tehran had high concentrations of PM 2.5, and the annual mean of all the stations exceeded the EPA standard (15 μ/m3). According to the annual average, station 16 had the highest concentration of PM2.5 (112.75 μ/m3). The results of RMSE showed that the OK model was more suitable than the others for the spatial zoning of air pollution in the urban landscape (RMSE=9.322).
- انتشار مقاله: 18-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Noushin Birjandi,Morteza Ghobadi,Masoume Ahmadi
- مشاهده