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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Amygdala,coping strategies,Stress,Cortisol,Epinephrine,Rhesus macaque
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): In the present study the effect of stress on monkeys that had learned to retrieve food from a five-chamber receptacle, as well as the relationship between their behavior and the serum cortisol and epinephrine levels and relative size of the amygdala was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Six male rhesus monkeys were individually given access to the food reward orderly. They could easily retrieve the rewards from all chambers except for the chamber 4, which a brief, mild electric shock (3 V) was delivered to them upon touching the chamber’s interior. The coping behaviors were video-recorded and analyzed offline. Baseline serum cortisol and epinephrine levels were measured before the experiments using monkey enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. One week after the behavioral experiment, the monkeys’ brains were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging under general anesthesia. The cross-sectional area of the left amygdala in sagittal plane relative to the area of the whole brain in the same slice was evaluated by the planimetric method using ImageJ software.
Results: Exposure to the distressing condition caused different behavioral responses. Monkeys with higher baseline levels of serum cortisol and epinephrine and larger amygdala behaved more violently in the face of stress, indicating adopting emotion-focused stress-coping strategies. Conversely, those with low plasma epinephrine, moderate cortisol, and smaller amygdala showed perseverative behavior, indicating a problem-focused coping style.
Conclusion: In dealing with the same stress, different responses might be observed from nonhuman primates according to their cortisol and epinephrine levels as well as their amygdala dimensions.- انتشار مقاله: 14-05-1396
- نویسندگان: Elaheh Tekieh,Esmail Riahi,Masoomeh Kazemi,Hedayat Sahraei,Hassan Tavakoli,Hamed Aliyary,Mostafa Hajinasrollah,Maryam Salehi,Gholamhossein Meftahi,Mehdi Saberi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Pediatrics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Body Mass Index,Waist Circumference,Adolescent girls,Menarche
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
Menarche is a substantial and important period in the health of adolescent girls’, and has a significant impact on their health in the upcoming years. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to not only determine the average age of menarche among high school girls in Qom city, but also to examine the effect of some factors on onset age of menarche.
Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a researcher-made questionnaire was presented to 400 girl students from six high schools in Qom city-Iran, including questions about individual characteristics, onset age of menarche in the participant and her mother, and some other indicators related to menarche. Data were analysis using SPSS version 16.0 software.
Results
From 400 distributed questionnaires 370 (92.5%) were filled correctly and completely. The findings of this study showed that the average age of menarche in girls has been 12.3 ± 1 year and 90% of the subjects had experienced menarche before the age of thirteen. Among the effective factors, a significant relationship was observed between daughters’ onset age of menarche and their mothers’ age (P < 0.01). Weight, Body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) was inversely and significantly associated age of menarche among the test subjects (P<0.01).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, there was a high relationship between the onset age of menarche among the mothers and the daughters’ menarche age. Also, our results confirm that higher BMI, weight, and WC were negatively correlated to the age at onset of menarche.- انتشار مقاله: 13-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Hozoori,Fariba Moradi,Zoha Hosseini-zade,Masoomeh Kazemian,Shahram Arsang-jang
- مشاهده