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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Geopolitics Quarterly
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Indonesia,Egypt,NGOs,Democratisation
- چکیده: The emergence of Non Government Organizations (NGOs) in various fields of life is proof that civil society is essential in building a democratic society. NGOs can educate citizens and communities on their fundamental rights to create a democratic state and world order life. NGOs in Indonesia and Egypt have played a significant role in strengthening democratic movements by empowering civil society. This study examines NGOs’ role in democratization in Indonesia during the reign of President Suharto and Egypt under the leadership of President Hosni Mubarak. In carrying out their functions, NGOs take a stand as a balancing force for the state and agents of community empowerment. The NGOs’ elements struggle in producing an ideal democratic society order in these two countries facing their respective challenges. Some NGOs challenge building democratic society such as military domination, party hegemony systems, and robust state control over society. To encourage democratization in Indonesia and Egypt, NGOs have contributed to building democratic practices, improving democratic performance, strengthening civil rights, monitoring elections, and promoting corruption eradication. The strengthening of democracy by NGOs in Indonesia and Egypt has impacted building political openness, awareness of citizens' political rights, and pro-society public policies.
- چکیده انگلیسی: The emergence of Non Government Organizations (NGOs) in various fields of life is proof that civil society is essential in building a democratic society. NGOs can educate citizens and communities on their fundamental rights to create a democratic state and world order life. NGOs in Indonesia and Egypt have played a significant role in strengthening democratic movements by empowering civil society. This study examines NGOs’ role in democratization in Indonesia during the reign of President Suharto and Egypt under the leadership of President Hosni Mubarak. In carrying out their functions, NGOs take a stand as a balancing force for the state and agents of community empowerment. The NGOs’ elements struggle in producing an ideal democratic society order in these two countries facing their respective challenges. Some NGOs challenge building democratic society such as military domination, party hegemony systems, and robust state control over society. To encourage democratization in Indonesia and Egypt, NGOs have contributed to building democratic practices, improving democratic performance, strengthening civil rights, monitoring elections, and promoting corruption eradication. The strengthening of democracy by NGOs in Indonesia and Egypt has impacted building political openness, awareness of citizens' political rights, and pro-society public policies.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-12-1399
- نویسندگان: Mansoureh Ebrahimi,Mukhamad Shokheh,Kamaruzaman Yusoff
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Management and Informatics
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Manipulation of protein stability is important for understanding the principles that govern protein thermostability, both in basic research and industrial applications. Various data mining techniques exist for prediction of thermostable proteins. Furthermore, ANN methods have attracted significant attention for prediction of thermostability, because they constitute an appropriate approach to mapping the non-linear input-output relationships and massive parallel computing.Method: An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) was applied to estimate thermal behavior of 1289 proteins. In the proposed algorithm, the parameters of ELM were optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which tuned a set of input variables, hidden layer biases, and input weights, to and enhance the prediction performance. The method was executed on a set of amino acids, yielding a total of 613 protein features. A number of feature selection algorithms were used to build subsets of the features. A total of 1289 protein samples and 613 protein features were calculated from UniProt database to understand features contributing to the enzymes’ thermostability and find out the main features that influence this valuable characteristic.Results:At the primary structure level, Gln, Glu and polar were the features that mostly contributed to protein thermostability. At the secondary structure level, Helix_S, Coil, and charged_Coil were the most important features affecting protein thermostability. These results suggest that the thermostability of proteins is mainly associated with primary structural features of the protein. According to the results, the influence of primary structure on the thermostabilty of a protein was more important than that of the secondary structure. It is shown that prediction accuracy of ELM (mean square error) can improve dramatically using GA with error rates RMSE=0.004 and MAPE=0.1003.Conclusion: The proposed approach for forecasting problem significantly improves the accuracy of ELM in prediction of thermostable enzymes. ELM tends to require more neurons in the hidden-layer than conventional tuning-based learning algorithms. To overcome these, the proposed approach uses a GA which optimizes the structure and the parameters of the ELM. In summary, optimization of ELM with GA results in an efficient prediction method; numerical experiments proved that our approach yields excellent results.Keywords: Protein Stability, Primary and secondary structures, Extreme learning machine, Neural networks, Genetic algorithm
- انتشار مقاله: 10-07-1395
- نویسندگان: Jalal Rezaeenour,Mansoureh Yari Eili,Zahra Roozbahani,Mansour Ebrahimi
- مشاهده