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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Arsenate,Nanocomposite,Membrane,Drinking Water
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Terms and conditions of current drinking water quality standards, including reducing the maximum arsenic concentration from 50 μgl-1 to 10 μgl-1 and predicted stricter standards in future, reveals the necessity for development of new technologies. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new nanocomposite membrane using graphene oxide (GO) thin layer to remove arsenic (v) from water. To fabricate the membrane, initially GO was prepared using the modified Hummers' method and then to gain a narrow-dispersed GO dispersion, several times centrifugation and sonication were performed. Then resultant dispersed GO was coated on a microporous flat-sheet polyethersulfone support by coating/deposition and vacuum filtration process. Performance of the synthesized membrane was assessed using a dead end filtration system. The results showed that pure water flux decreased as the coated GO thickness increased. Among the three prepared membranes, the greatest flux was attributed to M1 membrane with the value of 398.5 lm-2h-1 and the minimum flux was for M3 with a value of 131.3 lm-2h-1 at 4 bar of pressure. Furthermore, by increasing the coated GO, rejection of arsenate ions increased significantly. With initial concentration of 1000 ± 20 μgl-1, percentage of arsenate rejection for M1, M2 and M3 membranes were 41.8%, 73.5% and 86.7%, respectively. Relatively high removal by this novel membrane can be due to the exceptional properties of GO nanostructure and the presence of hydrophilic functional groups.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-12-1394
- نویسندگان: Reza Rezaee,Simin Nasseri,Amir Hossein Mahvi,Ali Jafari,Mahdi Safari,Behzad Shahmoradi,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Mohammad Khazaei,Mohammad Maroosi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Disinfection,Drinking Water,Coliform,Radio Waves
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The most common used methods for water disinfection were chemicals like chlorine, ozonation, ultraviolet radiation, membrane processes, etc. Water disinfection using irradiation techniques is new in water treatment industry which has been developed recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate radio frequency (RF) efficiency for the inactivation of total coliform (TC), fecal coliform, and heterotrophic bacterial count of water pellets. Tap water samples were taken from School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and irradiated using hydropad device, steam KLEAR model S-38 (1.2 W and frequency of 120-200 kHz). Microbial concentration was measured in cycles 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 in 1 and 2 h contact time. Indicator bacteria were counted using plate count method and multiple fermentation tube technique. According to the microbial results, after 40 cycles and without chlorine residual, TC, fecal coliform, and heterotrophic bacteria were reduced by 86, 90, and 85%, while after 15 cycles and 0.8 mg/L chlorine residual, removal rate was 89, 91, and 89%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that after 2 h of contact time, TCs, fecal coliforms, and heterotrophic plate count were reduced by 78.2, 80, and 60%, respectively. Although RF efficiency in water disinfection has not been studied, our findings suggested its possible use due to more than 75% efficiency. From the standpoint of practical use, more studies should be done, especially to find a fine synergist agent, determining power, frequency, and suitable contact time and also the method should be modified.
- انتشار مقاله: 08-06-1393
- نویسندگان: Sommayeh Saadi,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Ramin Nabizadeh,Alireza Mesdaghinia,Hassan Aslani,Shahrokh Nazmara,Maryam Ghani,Babak Mahmoodi,Masoomeh Asgari,Nejat Mousavipour
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iron,aluminum,Electrocoagulation,Natural Organic Matter,Bipolar and Monopolar
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Natural organic matter (NOM) affects some qualitative parameters of water such as color. In addition, it can deteriorate the performance of water treatment process including coagulation, adsorption, and membranes. NOM also reacts with chlorine in the chlorination process and may form disinfection by-products. The present study was carried out in laboratory-scale in a batch system using a cylinder shape reactor with effective volume of 2 l. The initial NOM concentrations during the study period were 10, 25, and 50 mg/l. After specific time intervals, samples were taken from the reactor and filtered. Finally, the NOM removal according to total organic carbon (TOC) content of the samples that were analyzed with a TOC analyzer. The results showed that the highest NOM removal efficiency for three initial concentrations 10, 25, and 50 mg/l were 91, 94, and 82%, respectively. These removal efficiencies were obtained at pH 7, contact time of 20 min, and electrical current of 0.1 A. The electrical energy consumption was 0.08, 0.06, and 0.03 kWh/m3, respectively. In this study, the application of electrocoagulation (EC) treatment method using combined Al and Fe electrode was examined to remove NOM from aqueous solution. Based on the obtained results, the EC can be used as an effective method for removing NOM from aqueous solution.
- انتشار مقاله: 09-03-1393
- نویسندگان: Masoomeh Askari,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Mohammad Hadi Dehghani,Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh,Shahrokh Nazmara
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: heavy metals,Vegetables,Daily Intake
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Concentration and daily intake (DI) of heavy metals [lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu)] were investigated in four common edible vegetables including coriander, dill, radish root and radish leaf grown at peri-urban sites in Sanandaj, Iran. A total of 120 composite samples of vegetables were taken from ten vegetable farms during six months from May to October 2012. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to estimate the levels of heavy metals. The results showed that Pb and Cr concentrations exceeded the safety limits given by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) or the World Health Organization (WHO) for human consumption with the exception of copper and cadmium that were lower than the permissible leveling in all of the samples. Furthermore, the results showed that there was a significant variation in the levels of these metals among the examined vegetables (P < 0.001). DI values for Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd could be 0.1, 1.5, 0.94 and 0.004 mg per day, respectively. As respect, DI values for Pb and Cd were also below the international guideline bases. Although Pb level was higher than the permissible standard, it seems that daily intake of these vegetables may not have detrimental health hazards to consumers.
- انتشار مقاله: 13-05-1392
- نویسندگان: Afshin Maleki,Fardin Gharibi,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Hiua Daraei,Yahya Zandsalimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Arsenate,Nanocomposite,Membrane,Drinking Water
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Terms and conditions of current drinking water quality standards, including reducing the maximum arsenic concentration from 50 μgl-1 to 10 μgl-1 and predicted stricter standards in future, reveals the necessity for development of new technologies. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new nanocomposite membrane using graphene oxide (GO) thin layer to remove arsenic (v) from water. To fabricate the membrane, initially GO was prepared using the modified Hummers' method and then to gain a narrow-dispersed GO dispersion, several times centrifugation and sonication were performed. Then resultant dispersed GO was coated on a microporous flat-sheet polyethersulfone support by coating/deposition and vacuum filtration process. Performance of the synthesized membrane was assessed using a dead end filtration system. The results showed that pure water flux decreased as the coated GO thickness increased. Among the three prepared membranes, the greatest flux was attributed to M1 membrane with the value of 398.5 lm-2h-1 and the minimum flux was for M3 with a value of 131.3 lm-2h-1 at 4 bar of pressure. Furthermore, by increasing the coated GO, rejection of arsenate ions increased significantly. With initial concentration of 1000 ± 20 μgl-1, percentage of arsenate rejection for M1, M2 and M3 membranes were 41.8%, 73.5% and 86.7%, respectively. Relatively high removal by this novel membrane can be due to the exceptional properties of GO nanostructure and the presence of hydrophilic functional groups.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-12-1394
- نویسندگان: Reza Rezaee,Simin Nasseri,Amir Hossein Mahvi,Ali Jafari,Mahdi Safari,Behzad Shahmoradi,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Mohammad Khazaei,Mohammad Maroosi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Tobacco,Iran,Laws,Control
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death in the world, killing nearly 6 million people annually. This article is an investigation of measures implemented laws in the Iran to study the proposed strategy of control and reduce tobacco use based on the monitor, protect, offer, warn, enforce and raise (MPOWER) policy.Methods: All laws approved by the Parliament along with the instructions on tobacco control prepared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade were collected and studied. Moreover, practical steps of Ministry of Health and other organizations were examined in this regard.Findings: Iranian Parliament after the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) acts to create a comprehensive and systematic program for tobacco control legislation as a first step towards comprehensive national tobacco control and combat. In this law and its implementing guidelines and based on the strategy of MPOWER, specific implement is done to monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect people from tobacco smoke, offer help to quit tobacco use, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raise taxes on tobacco. However, the full objectives of the legislation have not achieved yet.Conclusion: According to Iran’s membership in the FCTC and executive producer of tobacco control laws and regulations, necessary infrastructure is ready for a serious fight with tobacco use. In Iran, in comparison with developed countries, there is a huge gap between ratified laws and performing of laws.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-02-1396
- نویسندگان: Mahmood Alimohammadi,Hossein Jafari-Mansoorian,Seyed Yaser Hashemi,Victoria Momenabadi,Seyed Mehdi Ghasemi,Kamaladdin Karimyan
- مشاهده