در هنگام جستجو کلمه در قسمت عنوان میتوانید کلمات مورد جستجو را با کاراکتر (-) جدا کنید.
کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been usedin medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challengesas it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use of moulagesand simulators are common in teaching clinical skills since thesetools provide the opportunity for frequent practice without anypain and injury. There are specific procedures which still requirethe use of cadavers. However, the increased significance ofpatient rights has generally challenged the practicality of usingthe deceased bodies for this purpose. This study was designedwith the aim of determining to what extent clinical skill trainingis dependent on the recently deceased patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method triangulationdesign conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a researcher-madequestionnaire was used to collect quantitative data of the medicalstudents and residents. The data were used to assess the frequencyof experience. In the second stage, semi-structured interviews wereconducted with faculty members and fellows in order to evaluatethe educational impact of this type of procedure and the influentialfactors. The quantitative data were analyzed using statisticalsoftware, and the qualitative codes were extracted following acontent analysis. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed.Results: Twenty five residents (26%) and seven medical students(14%) had the experience of performing procedures on therecently deceased patients for training purposes. About half ofthe residents and 33% of the medical students had observed theircolleagues practicing procedures on cadavers. In the qualitativephase, the main categories included professional ethics, law andeducational requirements.Conclusion: A relatively low number of medical students andresidents had experienced procedures on the newly deceasedpatients. In this regard, ethical, religious and legal concerns mighthave played a part despite the desire to learn. It would be effectiveto direct these educational experiences toward proceduresthat cannot be mastered through moulages and simulators, andto lay the legal and executive ground so that performing theseprocedures under the supervision of professors, and with a levelof documentation would have no legal challenges.Keywords: Cadaver, Learning, Clinical skills, Ethics
- انتشار مقاله: 11-02-1396
- نویسندگان: MAHBOOBEH SABER,SEYED ALI ENJOO,ALI MAHBOUDI,SEYED ZIAADIN TABEI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Many studies have focused on the need of healthsystems to educated physicians in the clinical prevention, researchmethodology, epidemiology and health care management andemphasize the important role of this training in the public healthpromotion. On this basis, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS) has established MD/MPH dual degree program since theyear 2012.Methods: In the current study, Delphi technique was used. Bothqualitative and quantitative methods were applied in the Delphiprocess. The Delphi team members including experts withextensive experience in teaching, research and administration inthe field of educational management and health/medical educationreached consensus in almost 86% of the questionnaire itemsthrough three Delphi rounds. MD/MPH program for SUMS wasdesigned based on the items agreed and thematic analysis used inthese rounds.Results: The goals, values, mission and program requirementsincluding the period, the entrance condition, and the number ofunits, and certification were determined. Accordingly, the coursesof the program are presented in parallel with the MD educationperiod. MPH courses consist of 35 units including 16 obligatoryand 15 voluntary ones.Conclusion: Designing MD/MPH program in SUMS based onthe existent models in the universities in different countries,compatible with educational program of this university and needsof national health system in Iran, can be a beneficial measuretowards promoting the students’ knowledge and theoretical/practical skills in both individual and social level. Performingsome additional research to assess the MD/MPH program andsome cohort studies to evaluate the effect of this program on thestudents’ future professional life is recommended.Keywords: Medical education; Public health; Organization; Administration
- انتشار مقاله: 09-04-1394
- نویسندگان: ALIREZA SALEHI,NEDA HASHEMI,MAHBOOBEH SABER,MOHAMMAD HADI IMANIEH
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: The application of organizational ethics in hospitalsis one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadaysachieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seemsto be inevitable. In this connection, the present study aims todetermine the best indicators in hospital accreditation.Methods: 69 indicators in 11 fields to evaluate hospital ethicswere achieved through a five-step qualitative and quantitativestudy including literature review, expert focus group, Likert scalesurvey, 3 rounded Delphi, and content validity measurement.Expert focus group meeting was conducted, employing NominalGroup Technique (NGT). After running NGT, a three roundedDelphi and parallel to Delphi and a Likert scale survey wereperformed to obtain objective indicators for each domain. Theexperts were all healthcare professionals who were also medicalethics researchers, teachers, or Ph.D students. Content validitymeasurements were computed, using the viewpoints of twodifferent expert groups, some ethicists, and some health careprofessionals (n=46).Results: survey, 11 main domains were listed including:Informed consent, Medical confidentiality, Physician-patienteconomic relations, Ethics consultation policy in the hospital,Ethical charter of hospital, Breaking bad medical news protocol,Respect for the patients’ rights, Clinical ethics committee,Spiritual and palliative care unit programs in the hospitals,Healthcare professionals’ communication skills, and Equitableaccess to the healthcare. Also 71 objective indicators for these 11domains were listed in 11 tables with 5 to 8 indicators per table.Content Validity Ratio (CVR) measurements were done and 69indicators were highlighted.Conclusion: The domains listed in this study seem to be themost important ones for evaluating hospital ethics programsand services. Healthcare organizations’ accreditation andranking are crucial for the improvement of healthcare services.Ethics programs would also motivate hospitals to improvetheir services and move towards patients’ satisfaction. In thisregard, more involvement of bioethicists can help healthcareorganizations to develop ethics programs and ensure ethicsbasedpractice in hospitals.Keywords: Hospital; Ethics; Accreditation; Evaluation
- انتشار مقاله: 09-04-1394
- نویسندگان: SEYED ALI ENJOO,MITRA AMINI,SEYED ZIAADIN TABEI,ALI MAHBUDI,ZAHRA KAVOSI,MAHBOOBEH SABER
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: It has been found that the decision-making process in medicine is affected, to a large extent, by one’s experience, individual mentality, previous models, and common habitual approaches, in addition to scientific principles. Evidence-based medicine is an approach attempting to reinforce scientific, systematic and critical thinking in physicians and provide the ground for optimal decision making. In this connection, the purpose of the present study is to find out to what extent the education of evidence based medicine affects clinical decision making.Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out on 110clinical residents, who started their education in September, 2012 and finally 62 residents filled out the questionnaires. The instrument used was a researchermade questionnaire containing items on four decision-making approaches. The questionnaire was used both as a pre-test and a post-test to assess the residents’ viewpoints on decision making approaches. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using medical education and clinical professionals’ viewpoints, and the reliability was calculated through Chronbach alpha; it was found to be 0.93. The results were analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS, version 14.Results: The results demonstrated that evidence-based medicine workshopsignificantly affected the residents’ decision-making approaches (p<0.001).The pre-test showed that principles-based, reference-based and routinemodel-based approaches were more preferred before the program (p<0.001). However, after the implementation of the program, the dominant approaches used by the residents in their decision making were evidence-based ones.Conclusion: To develop the evidence-based approach, it is necessary foreducational programs to continue steadily and goal-orientedly. In addition, the equipment infrastructure such as the Internet, access to data bases, scientific data, and clinical guides should develop more in the medical departments.Keywords: Clinical, Evidence-based medicine, Decision making, Resident
- انتشار مقاله: 07-07-1393
- نویسندگان: ZAHRA KARIMIAN,JAVAD KOJOURI,MOHAMMAD MAHDI SAGHEB,ALI MAHBOUDI,MAHBOOBEH SABER,MITRA AMINI,MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: In the design of educational programs, much attentionhas been paid to teaching methods, needs assessment, an importantpart of the development of educational programs, generally isneglected. Another important aspect in educational program design isassessing effectiveness. The aims of this study were to design a formalneeds assessment program to define the core contents of a facultydevelopment program, and to determine whether participation in thefaculty development program reinforced new teaching skills.Methods: A teacher-training program was designed at ShirazUniversity of Medical Sciences to help medical instructors boosttheir teaching skills. Needs assessment was done with nominal grouptechnique followed by a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Theprogram, imparted in workshop format, covered effective teachingmethods, feedback, assessing knowledge and time management.Instruction was in the form of lectures, group discussions, casesimulations, video presentations and role-plays. The program wasevaluated in several phases using data triangulation and multi-itemassessments of overall program quality in three major dimensions:Kirkpatrick program evaluation model, evaluation of theeducational environment and qualitative analysis with open-endedquestions. All participants in the study belonged to the academicstaff of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (n=396).Results: Seven main categories were derived from nominal grouptechniques and questionnaires. After the program, participantsrated the quality of the program highly. They felt that the educationalintervention was appropriate and had a positive impact on theirknowledge of effective teaching methods, feedback, knowledgeassessment and time management. Assessment of the effectivenessof the program showed that participants reported significantimprovements in their teaching abilities.Conclusion: Our faculty development program have a significantpositive effect on medical university teaching staff members’competencies. Further research is needed to investigate whetherthe faculty development program actually results in improvedteaching performance.Keywords: Faculty, Teaching, Effectiveness, Assessment, Needs assessment
- انتشار مقاله: 10-10-1393
- نویسندگان: JAVAD KOJURI,MITRA AMINI,ZAHRA KARIMIAN,MOHAMMAD REZA DEHGHANI,MAHBOOBEH SABER,LEILA BAZRAFCAN,SEDIGHEH EBRAHIMI,RITA REZAEE
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Systematic review,Complementary Medicine,Alternative Medicine,Chiropractic
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Chiropractic is a complementary medicine that has been growing increasingly in different countries over recent decades. It addresses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the neuromusculoskeletal system disorders and their effects on the whole body health. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic in the treatment of different diseases. To gather data, scientific electronic databases, such as Cochrane, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scirus were searched and all systematic reviews in the field of chiropractic were obtained. Reviews were included if they were specifically concerned with the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment, included evidence from at least one clinical trial, included randomized studies and focused on a specific disease. The research data including the article’s first author’s name, type of disease, intervention type, number and types of research used, meta-analysis, number of participants, and overall results of the study, were extracted, studied and analyzed. Totally, 23 chiropractic systematic reviews were found, and 11 articles met the defined criteria. The results showed the influence of chiropractic on improvement of neck pain, shoulder and neck trigger points, and sport injuries. In the cases of asthma, infant colic, autism spectrum disorder, gastrointestinal problems, fibromyalgia, back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome, there was no conclusive scientific evidence. There is heterogeneity in some of the studies and also limited number of clinical trials in the assessed systematic reviews. Thus, conducting comprehensive studies based on more reliable study designs are highly recommended.
- انتشار مقاله: 05-02-1394
- نویسندگان: Alireza Salehi,Neda Hashemi,Ohammad Hadi Imanieh,Mahboobeh Saber
- مشاهده