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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Online formative assessments (OFA’s) have beenincreasingly recognised in medical education as resources thatpromote self-directed learning. Formative assessments are usedto support the self-directed learning of students. Online formativeassessments have been identified to be less time consuming withautomated feedback. This pilot study aimed to determine whetherparticipation and performance in online formative assessments(OFA’s) had measurable effects on learning and evaluate thestudents’ experience of using the OFA’s in the department ofObstetrics and Gynaecology.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted amongfourth year medical students (n=92) during their seven weekpostings in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Five sets of onlineformative assessments in the format of one best answers (OBA),Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) and Shortanswer question (SAQ) with feedback were delivered over fiveweeks through the online portal. The mean scores of the endof posting summative exam (EOP) of those who participated inthe assessments (OFA users) and of those who did not (non-OFAusers) were compared, using Students t-test. The frequency oftool usage was analysed and satisfaction surveys were utilized atthe end of the course by survey questionnaire using the five pointLikert scale.Results: The mean scores of the students in end of postingsummative examination marks for students who had participatedin the online formative assessment (OFA users) and for those whohad not (non OFA users) showed no significant difference in allthe three components OBA, SAQ and OSPE (p=0.902, 0.633,0.248). Majority of the students perceived that OFAs fulfilled thestated aims and objectives and so they would persuade their peersto participate in the OFAs.Conclusions: Online formative assessments are perceived astools that promote self-directed learning, improved knowledgeand tailor learning for individual learning needs and style.Keywords: Assessments, Self-directed learning, Education
- انتشار مقاله: 17-07-1396
- نویسندگان: KAVITHA NAGANDLA,SHARIFAH SULAIHA,SIVALINGAM NALLIAH
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Vitamin D3,Allergic Rhinitis,Interleukin-4,Peripheral Blood Eosinophils
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Vitamin D supplementation has been proven to be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Objective: We conducted the present study to explore the role and efficacy of vitamin D adjuvant therapy for the treatment of inflammation in patients with AR. Methods: Out of 127 patients with potential eligible AR, 60 were randomly assigned into two groups and were finally included in our analysis (n=30 for each intervention). The patients with potential eligible AR were randomly allocated to intervention with desloratadine citrate disodium (DCD, 8.8 mg/day) without and with vitamin D3 nasal drops (1.5х106 IU, once/week) for four weeks. Thirty healthy control subjects were included in our study. We assessed the changes in the serum 25(OH)D, peripheral blood eosinophils, interleukin (IL)-4 levels, and nasal symptoms. Serum 25(OH)D, peripheral blood eosinophils, and IL-4 levels were detected respectively with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a blood detector, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Our patients who received vitamin D3 adjuvant therapy had a higher serum 25(OH)D level (47.57 ± 2.83 vs. 31.51 ± 2.95 ng/ml, p=0.000) and lower AR symptoms score (2.07 ± 1.89 vs. 3.37 ± 1.50, p=0.005), serum IL-4 (10.38 ± 3.41 vs. 12.79 ± 5.40 pg/ml, p=0.043), and peripheral blood eosinophils (0.34 ± 0.09 vs. 0.41 ± 0.10 109/l, p=0.003) compared with DCD single treatment. The efficacy rates of DCD with and without vitamin D3 in AR were 97% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: Nasal vitamin D3 combined with DCD could improve the clinical symptoms of AR. Vitamin D3 adjunct therapy showed significant effects on inhibiting inflammation in patients with AR. We concluded that vitamin D3 supplementation could be an effective adjuvant therapy in AR patients.
- انتشار مقاله: 07-09-1398
- نویسندگان: Xiaoling Liu,Xiaojia Liu,Yu Ren,Hongxin Yang,Xiaolei Sun,Haiyun Huang
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Allergic Rhinitis,Th1,Th2,Knockout,H2-Eb1
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: H2-EB1 molecule which is the homolog of Human HLA-DRB1 is proposed to be associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). Construction of H2-Eb1 knockout animal models provides a tool to elucidate the role of H2-EB1 and AR pathogenesis.
Objective: To establish the H2-Eb1 knockout model and investigate the H2-EB1 functions in H2-Eb1 knockout mice as a model of AR.
Methods: The Cre/LoxP system and ES gene knockout technology were applied to create heterozygous H2-Eb1 (+/-) knockout mice and their offspring of knockout homozygous(-/-), heterozygous (+/-) and wild type (+/+) H2-Eb1 mice. After identification, offspring of heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) H2-Eb1 knockout mice were randomly selected to establish AR models to demonstrate the role of H2-Eb1 in AR pathogenesis.
Results: The H2-Eb1 knockout mice model was successfully established. The reproduction and feeding of the homozygous ( -/-) H2-Eb1 knockout mice were successful. Compared with the control group, the serum OVA-IgE and IL-4 levels significantly increased, while IFN-γ levels significantly dropped (p<0.05) in the experimental groups. For the two experimental groups, the homozygous ( -/-) mice group had lower serum OVA-IgE and IL-4 levels, and higher IFN-γ levels than their heterozygous (+/-) counterparts (p<0.05), concomitant with slighter allergic symptoms (gentle behavior and less eosinophils in nasal mucosa).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that knockout of H2-Eb1 gene could alleviate mouse AR Symptoms, indicating H2-Eb1 may play an important role in regulating Th1/Th2 balance during the pathogenesis of AR.- انتشار مقاله: 14-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Linge Li,Bin Hu,Juan Feng,Yu Zhang,Xi Shou,Yu Tian,Chunrong Jiang,Hua Zhang
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Behavior,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Adrenocorticotropin Hormone,Paeoniflorin,Corticosterone Corticotropin releasing hormone,Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin (PEF) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback function of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
cSingle-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to establish a PTSD-like rat model. The contents of plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured by ELISA. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor I receptor (CRF1R), and adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor II receptor (CRF2R) in the hippocampus and amygdala were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
Results: The results showed that on day 8 after SPS, model rats showed enhanced HPA axis negative feedback lasting to day 29. On day 29, plasma CORT levels increased in model rats, while plasma CRH levels had no significant difference on days 8, 22, and 29. The expression of GR and MR of model rats significantly increased in the hippocampus, while the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly decreased in the amygdala. After 14 days of continuous administration of PEF, the enhanced negative feedback was inhibited, and the plasma CORT level significantly reduced after 21 days of administration. Moreover, PEF could significantly decrease the expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus, and increase the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly in the amygdala.
Conclusion: PEF could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD, which may be related to regulating expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus and amygdala and regulating expression of CRF1R in the amygdala.- انتشار مقاله: 28-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Jie Chen,Weiqiong Ye,Ling Li,Junfang Su,Yunling Huang,Lingyun Liu,Lili Wu,Can Yan
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Behavior,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Adrenocorticotropin Hormone,Paeoniflorin,Corticosterone Corticotropin releasing hormone,Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin (PEF) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback function of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
cSingle-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to establish a PTSD-like rat model. The contents of plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured by ELISA. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor I receptor (CRF1R), and adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor II receptor (CRF2R) in the hippocampus and amygdala were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
Results: The results showed that on day 8 after SPS, model rats showed enhanced HPA axis negative feedback lasting to day 29. On day 29, plasma CORT levels increased in model rats, while plasma CRH levels had no significant difference on days 8, 22, and 29. The expression of GR and MR of model rats significantly increased in the hippocampus, while the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly decreased in the amygdala. After 14 days of continuous administration of PEF, the enhanced negative feedback was inhibited, and the plasma CORT level significantly reduced after 21 days of administration. Moreover, PEF could significantly decrease the expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus, and increase the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly in the amygdala.
Conclusion: PEF could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD, which may be related to regulating expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus and amygdala and regulating expression of CRF1R in the amygdala.- انتشار مقاله: 28-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Jie Chen,Weiqiong Ye,Ling Li,Junfang Su,Yunling Huang,Lingyun Liu,Lili Wu,Can Yan
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Insulin,triglyceride,Adiposity,Olanzapine,Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1- (SCD-1)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective(s): Weight gain and metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia, are frequent side effects of second-generation antipsychotics, including olanzapine. This study examined the metabolic effects of chronic olanzapine exposure. In addition, we investigated the hepatic fatty acid effects of olanzapine in female C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet.
Materials and Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice orally received olanzapine or normal saline for 7 weeks. The effects of long-term olanzapine exposure on body weight changes, food efficiency, blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), insulin, and leptin levels were observed. Hepatic TG and abdominal fat mass were investigated, and fat cell morphology was analyzed through histopathological methods. The levels of protein markers of fatty acid regulation in the liver, namely fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were measured.
Results: Olanzapine treatment increased the food intake of the mice as well as their body weight. Biochemical analyses showed that olanzapine increased blood TG, insulin, leptin, and hepatic TG. The olanzapine group exhibited increased abdominal fat mass and fat cell enlargement in abdominal fat tissue. Western blotting of the mouse liver revealed significantly higher (1.6-fold) levels of SCD-1 in the olanzapine group relative to the control group; by contrast, FAS levels in the two groups did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: Enhanced lipogenesis triggered by increased hepatic SCD-1 activity might be a probable peripheral mechanism of olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia. Some adverse metabolic effects of olanzapine may be related to the disturbance of lipid homeostasis in the liver.- انتشار مقاله: 09-01-1396
- نویسندگان: Po-Hsun Hou,Geng-Ruei Chang,Chin-Pin Chen,Yen-Ling Lin,I-Shuan Chao,Ting-Ting Shen,Frank Chiahung Mao
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Aquatic Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Lactic Acid,Organic Acids,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Vibrio challenge,Hepatopancreas
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The use of short-chain organic acids in the diets of aquacultured animals as a prophylactic to bacterial pathogens is receiving increasing research and commercial interest. After giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were fed diets supplemented with formic (FA), citric (CA), lactic (LA), propionic acid (PA), an organic acid blend (OAB) at 1% or a control diet (no additives) for 6 weeks, the prawns were subjected to Vibrio harveyi challenge for 2 weeks. From all remaining prawns, the hepatopancreatic histopathology was examined. Results showed that the survival of prawns to V. harveyi challenge was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when fed the LA diet, followed by the CA diet, than the other treatments. This was likely due to less bacterial-induced hepatopancreatic damage and higher energy reserves compared to those fed the other diets. This is the first report to compare the efficacy of different organic acids to a crustacean as well as showing hepatopancreatic protective properties to freshwater prawns when challenged with pathogenic bacteria. The present study indicated that dietary organic acids can be a viable alternative to the use of harmful antibiotics in the prawn farming industry.
- انتشار مقاله: 29-12-1398
- نویسندگان: Wing-Keong Ng,Chia-Ling Lim,Nicholas Romano,Beng-Chu Kua
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Ovarian Cancer,Multicellular aggregate,Fibronectin,Integrin
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective: To investigate the regulatory role of fibronectin (FN) in the formation of multicellular aggregate (MCA)
in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells and integrin expression. Methods: The dynamic formation of MCA in
SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 was determined using the liquid overlay technique in the presence or absence of FN, anti-FN,
RGD peptide, control RGE. The expression of α3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 integrin in monolayer cells, MCA and FN-treated
MCA were determined by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 MCA were formed
on the 4th and 8th day and peaked on the 6th and 9th day, respectively. Treatment with different concentrations of FN,
LN, type IV collagen and control RGE peptide promoted MCA growth, which was mitigated by anti-FN and RGD
peptide. In comparison with monolayer cells, up-regulated α3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 expression were detected in MCA
while treatment with FN in both cells. Conclusions: OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cells had varying dynamic formation of
MCA in our experimental system. FN enhanced MCA formation in both cells, which was associated with increased
expression of 3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 in the MCA. Therefore, FN and these integrins may be new therapeutic targets for
intervention of ovarian cancer metastasis.- انتشار مقاله: 18-08-1396
- نویسندگان: Lin Gong,Ying Zheng,Shanling Liu,Zhilan Peng
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Radiotherapy,Meta-Analysis,Nasopharyngeal neoplasms,cetuximab,Nimotuzumab
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: It is unclear whether Cetuximab (CTX) or Nimotuzumab (NTZ) concurrent with radiotherapy delivers
equivalent or improved results with fewer toxicities over standard cisplatin (CDDP) concurrent with radiotherapy
in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The strategy involved searching the PubMed,
Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, Wanfang and Chinese Biomedical databases.
Controlled clinical trials that compared concurrent CTX/NTZ with radiotherapy versus CDDP with radiotherapy
in local-regionally advanced NPC were included. Results: In all, 1,239 patients in six clinical trials were included
in the analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) between the CTX/NTZ and CDDP groups were 1.01 (95% confidence interval
(CI) 0.63-1.64), 1.06 (95% CI 0.50-2.25), 1.04 (95% CI 0.61-1.76), and 1.05 (95% CI 0.73-1.50) for overall survival,
local-regional failure-free survival, distant metastasis failure-free survival, and disease-free survival, respectively.
Significant differences were found in the incidences of grade 3-4 anaemia [Risk ratio (RR) 0.11 95% CI 0.02-0.58], grade
3-4 neutropenia (RR 0.23 95% CI 0.12- 0.44), grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (RR 0.31 95% CI 0.12- 0.79), and grade
3-4 vomiting (RR 0.04 95% CI 0.00-0.29) in favour of the CTX/NTZ group. However, the patients in the CTX/NTZ
group experienced a higher incidence of grade 3-4 skin rash (RR 6.45 95% CI 3.84-10.84). Conclusions: Regarding
the efficacy and side effects, the combination of CTX / NTZ and radiotherapy may be an alterative treatment regimen
of standard CDDP concurrent with radiotherapy in local-regionally advanced NPC, especially in patients who cannot
tolerate or who refuse chemotherapy.- انتشار مقاله: 15-11-1396
- نویسندگان: Zhong Guo Liang,Guo Xiang Lin,Jia Xiang Ye,Ye Li,Ling Li,Song Qu,Xia Liang,Xiao Dong Zhu
- مشاهده