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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Aflatoxin B1,FRET,Magnetic/Silica Core shell,Nanobiosensor
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Recently, some new nanobiosensors using different nanoparticles or microarray systems for detection of mycotoxins have been designed . However, rapid, sensitive and early detection of aflatoxicosis would be very helpful to distinguish high-risk persons. Objectives: We report a highly sensitive competitive immunoassay using magnetic/silica core shell as a signal intensifier for the determination of aflatoxin B1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Cd/Te quantum dots (anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on the surface of Cd/Te quantum dots) to Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1 bound to albumin). The specific immune-reaction between the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody on the QDs and the labeled-aflatoxin B1 brings the Rho 123 fluorophore (acting as the acceptor) and the QDs (acting as the donor) in close spatial proximity and causes FRET to occur upon photo-excitation of the QDs. Using magnetic/silica core shell to intensify the obtained signal is the novelty of this study. Materials and Methods: Cd/Te QDs were synthesized by the simultaneous reduction of cadmium chloride and tellurium in the presence of sodium borohydride under nitrogen atmosphere. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using FeSO4 and FeCl3 (1:2 molar ratio) and ammonia as an oxidizing agent under nitrogen atmosphere. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles shelled by silica using tetraethoxysilane in the presence of ammonia. Nanoparticles synthesis and monodispersity confirmed by TEM. Immobilization of Cd/Te QDs to antibodies and labeling of aflatoxin B1-albumin by Rho 123 were performed by EDC/NHS reaction in reaction mixture buffer, pH 6, at room temperature. Results: By using the magnetic/silica core shell sensitivity of the system changed from 2×10-11 in our previous study to 2×10-12 in this work. The feasibility of the method established by the detection of aflatoxin B1 in spiked human serum. There is a linear relationship between the decreased fluorescence intensity of Rho 123 with increasing concentration of aflatoxin B1 in spiked samples, over the range of 0.01-0.06 mmol.mL-1. Conclusion: This homogeneous competitive detection scheme is simple, rapid and efficient, and does not require multiple separation steps and excessive washing.
- انتشار مقاله: 03-12-1393
- نویسندگان: Alireza Kalarestaghi,Mansour Bayat,Seyed Jamal Hashemi,Vadood Razavilar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: 4-Chlorophenol,Degradation,Wastewater,Imam Khomeini seaport,petrochemical
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Chlorophenols are the most toxic pollutants of water and wastewater. Since 4-chlorophenol is a high soluble compound in water, it is found in water and wastewater abundantly. Because of high costs, high energy consumption and in some cases environmental inconsistency in chemical and physical removal methods, biochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol is very important. In the present study, 13 strains of bacteria and 6 strains of yeast and mold were purified and isolated from wastewater treatment plant (Imam Khomeini seaport, Mahshahr), which lasted about 15 days. Then, the ability of each microorganism isolated in the presence of 100ppm of 4-chlorophenol was studied and two microbial species suitable for TY1 and TY2 were selected for use in mixed microbial culture. In this research, one of the most important factors affecting 4-chlorophenol degradation was by mixed microbial culture including glucose concentration with 2 and 5g/l was investigated. After examination, the microbial strains suitable for TY1 and TY2 were able to completely remove the 100ppm of 4-chlorophenol, so that the TY1 strain was removed completely after 45 hours and by TY2 strain after 21 hours and also, using a mixture of TY1 and TY2 strains (50/50) and in the presence of 2g/l glucose, 100ppm of 4-chlorophenol was completely removed after 18 hours. The significance and impact of this study was the use of indigenous strains isolated from wastewater treatment plant in petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries for the biodegradation of chlorophenol.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-10-1396
- نویسندگان: Atena Alirezaei Dizicheh,Mansour Bayat,Mahmood Alimohmmadi,Jamal Hashemi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Detoxification,Mycotoxin,Penicillium,Citrinin,Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Mycotoxins such as Citrinin are small toxic molecules produced by a great variety of microorganism, which encompass several classes of secondary metabolites with no common chemical structure or mode of action. Citrinin produces by different species of Penicillium. Today, the cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) method has a potential for mycotoxin detoxification. In this study, a new and promising approach involving the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma is considered, which may overcome multiple weaknesses associated with the classical methods.
In this study, samples included wheat, corn; rice and Barley were obtained from northern parts of Iran (Lahijan). Initially, the output of the power supply was set to 50 kV, 100 watts, and the electron frequency of 30 kHz (optimal conditions to effective plasma). Then, the effect of cold atmospheric jet plasma (argon) on gas was investigated in 30, 60 and 360 seconds (gas flow rate of 6 liters per minute).
The results showed us that the cold atmospheric pressure plasma method effectively production pure mycotoxins. The rate of various mycotoxins destruction varies according to their structure. It was also shown in the study that the combination of mycotoxins in foods would reduce the plasma's effect, but not prevent them from degrading. Finally, in this study, descendants in all samples were performed successfully.
The atmospheric pressure plasma method has a natural biodegradation effect and has the least negative effect on food products in comparison with conventional methods of disinfection of food products in addition to the detoxification characteristics.- انتشار مقاله: 24-06-1396
- نویسندگان: Narges Vaseghi,Mansour Bayat,Arash Chaichi Nosrati,Mahmood Ghorannevis,Jamal Hashemi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Candidiasis,Aspergillosis,Mucormycosis,Invasive fungal infections,organ transplantation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Organ transplant recipients are vulnerable to fungal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal colonization and infections among patients who underwent various transplantations and molecularly characterize the etiological agents.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on candidates for transplantation in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2017 to April 2018. All patients were monitored for fungal colonization or infections before and after transplantation. Isolated fungi were identified using molecular methods.
Results: A total of 125 patients, including 86 males and 39 females, with the mean age of 52.2 years participated in the study (age range: 15-75 years). Out of 125 patients, 84 (67.2%) cases had fungal colonization that appeared pre- and post-transplantation in 21 and 63 cases, respectively (alone or concurrent with another infection in 55 and 29 cases, respectively). In addition, a total of 39 episodes of fungal infections were diagnosed in 36 (28.8%) recipients (alone or concurrent with colonization in 7 and 29 cases, respectively). Out of the 39 fungal infections, 9 cases appeared pre-transplantation, while the other 30 cases occurred post-transplantation. However, no fungal colonization or infection was observed in 34 (27.2%) patients. Oral candidiasis (n=20) was the most common type of infection, followed by funguria (n=7), onychomycosis (n=5), candidemia (n=3), rhinocerebral mucormycosis (n=1), cutaneous mucormycosis (n=1), cutaneous aspergillosis (n=1), and peritonitis (n=1). Six yeast species were recovered from colonization cases with the dominance of Candida albicans both before and after transplantation. The observed fungal infections were caused by 11 distinct species, including the members of Candida (i.e., C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei), Aspergillus (i.e., A. oryzae and A. candidus), Rhizopus (i.e., R. oryzae and R. microsporus), Trichosporon asahii, and Trichophyton interdigitale. The results also indicated that the development of a fungal infection post-transplantation was associated with fungal colonization (r=0.0184; P=0.043).
Conclusion: Based on the results, fungal colonization was a common finding in transplant recipients at Imam Khomeini Hospital. However, the incidence of fungal infections was comparable with those of other centers. As the oral cavity was the most common site of colonization and infection, it might be beneficial to take further care about the oral health of patients using effective mouthwash.- انتشار مقاله: 15-07-1398
- نویسندگان: Fereshteh Zarei,Jamal Hashemi,Mohamadreza Salehi,Shahram Mahmoudi,Ensieh Zibafar,Zahra Ahmadinejad,Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,Pegah Ardi,Roshanak Daie Ghazvini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Gene expression,Antifungal susceptibility,Candida parapsilosis complex
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates.
Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 μg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 μg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (p <0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002).
Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.- انتشار مقاله: 10-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Mona Modiri,Jamal Hashemi,Roshanak Daie Ghazvini1,Sadegh Khodavaisy,Ali Ahmadi,Mansoureh Ghaffari,Sassan Rezaie
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Kombucha,Aspergillus fumigatus,CgrA gene,Cyp51A gene
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common opportunistic fungus, which causes infection in immunocompromised and neutropenic patients. The current guidelines recommend voriconazole as the initial therapeutic and prophylactic agent for almost all cases, especially in patients with organ transplants, which leads to increased medication resistance in A. fumigatus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and effect of kombucha as a natural compound on A. fumigatus growth, as well as on the expression of cgrA and cyp51A genes.
Materials and Methods: A panel of 15 A. fumigatus strains with two quality controls of CM237 and CM2627 as susceptible and resistant strains were obtained from Tehran Medical Mycology Laboratory, Tehran,Iran(TMML).Antifungal susceptibility testing assay was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. Moreover, the mycelial dry weight of the fungus was calculated before and after being treated with kombucha. In addition, the quantitative changes in the expression of cgrA and cyp51A genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) technique.
Results: In the present study, the minimum inhibitory concentration ranges of kombucha were measured at 6,170 and 12,300 μg/mL for ten A. fumigatus azole-susceptible strains and 24,700 μg/mL for five A. fumigatus resistant strains. Moreover, changes in mycelial dry weight under kombucha treatment conditions underwent a significant reduction (P≤0.05). A coordinate down-regulation of expression in cgrA and cyp51A genes was observed in all azole-susceptible and -resistant A. fumigatus strains, after treating the fungus with different concentrations of kombucha (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, kombucha as a natural antioxidant , can exert inhibitory effects against the growth and expression of some genes in A. fumigatusstrains.- انتشار مقاله: 11-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Ladan Nazemi,Seyed Jamal Hashemi,Roshanak Daie Ghazvini,Mina Saeedi,Sadegh Khodavaisy,Aleksandra Barac,Mona Modiri,Maryam Akbari Dana,Zahra Zare Shahrabadi Zare Shahrabadi,Sassan Rezaie
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Pesticides,Aspergillus flavus,Gene expression,Azole resistant
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Aspergillus flavus is an important pathogen in immunodeficient patients. Due to the abundance of this fungus in nature, fungicides are commonly used to preserve and maintain agricultural products. Long-term exposure to these pesticides can lead to the induction of drug resistance in this fungus.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 10 strains of A. flavus ATCC 204304 were cultured in benomyl and diazinon pesticides at the concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250.500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 mg/L in nine steps. Morphological changes and resistance to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were evaluated at the end of each step. Subsequently, changes in the expression of mdr1 and cyp51C genes were studied in the strains showing drug resistance.
Results: The results showed that during the nine stages of the adjacency of strains with benomyl and diazinon at different concentrations, resistance to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B in these toxins increased by 30% and 10%, respectively. In addition, the microscopic examination of resistant strains revealed the absence of sporulation, and only mycelium was found. Macroscopically, the color of the colonies changed from green to white. Furthermore, the investigation of the expression of mdr1 and cyp51c genes in these strains showed a decrease and increase in adjacency with diazinon and benomyl, respectively.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, exposure to agricultural pesticides can lead to the incidence of morphological changes and resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole in the sensitive species of A. flavus by altering the expression of genes involved in drug resistance.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Maryam Akbari Dana,Seyed Jamal Hashemi,Roshanak Daei Ghazvini,Sadegh Khodavesi,Mona Modiri,Ladan Nazemi,Sima Darabian,Sasan Rezaie
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Carbon Dioxide,Aspergillus fumigatus,voriconazole,itraconazole
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Aspergillosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised and neutropenic patients. Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is the most common causative agent of this infection. Due to variable CO2 concentrations that pathogens are exposed to during the infection process and to understand the role of CO2, we examined the effects of various CO2 concentrations as one of the environmental factors on morphological changes and induction of antifungal resistance in A. fumigatus.
Materials and Methods: A. fumigatus strains were cultured and incubated under 1%, 3%, 5%, and 12% CO2 atmospheres, each time for one, two, and four weeks. The control culture was maintained for one week without CO2 atmosphere. Morphological changes were investigated and antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. The results of different CO2 atmospheres were compared with that of the control sample.
Results: We found that 1%, 3%, 5%, and 12% CO2 atmospheres were associated with morphological colony changes. Macroscopically, the colonies were shallow dark green, smooth, crisp to powdery with reduced growth; microscopic examination revealed the absence of conidiation. The induction of antifungal resistance in the susceptible strains to itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B increased after exposure to 12% CO2 atmosphere and four weeks of incubation. The MIC values for itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were 16 g/ml, 1 g/ml, and 16 g/ml, respectively. These values for the control group were 0.125 g/ml, 0.125 g/ml, and 2 g/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: Exposure to different CO2 atmospheres induced morphological changes in A. fumigatus, it seems to increase the MIC values, as well. In parallel, resistance to both itraconazole and voriconazole was also observed.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Sima Darabian,Sayed Jamal Hashemi,Sadegh Khodavaisy,Somayeh Sharifynia,Mohammad Kord,Maryam Akbari Dana,Farzad Aala
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: PCR-RFLP,Mucorales,Mucor,Rhizopus,Lichtheimia,Rhizomucor,Mortierella
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Soil is the main habitat of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. Mucormycetes are one of the most parts of soil fungi and certain members are among opportunistic fungi and can cause systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. The majority of human and animal infections are caused by members of the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Cunninghamella and Mortierella.
The objective of this research was to isolate and identify the main genera of Zygomycetes, using molecular assay and morphological features.
Materials and Methods: A total of 340 soil samples were collected from different sites of seven public parks and 14 municipality districts in Isfahan. All samples were cultured on appropriate media and incubated at 27° C for 2 to 4 days, and then examined daily for visible fungal growth. PCR-RFLP method and macroscopic, microscopic and physiological characteristics were applied to identify fungal colonies.
Results: Four hundred pure colonies belonging to six genera of Zygomycetes including Lichtheimia, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Cunninghamella and Mortierella were identified. The genus Rhizopus (35.5%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by Mucor (32.25%) and Rhizomucor (27.5%).
Conclusion: These finding may help us to understand about the importance of opportunistic fungi in public areas and the risk of exposure with immunocompromised persons.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Ardeshir Ziaee,Mohammadali Zia,Mansour Bayat,Jamal Hashemi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Current Medical Mycology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antifungal activity,Minimum inhibitory concentration,Chemical composition,Total phenolic content,Zhumeria majdae
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background and Purpose: Essential oils extracted from different plants are extensively used in perfume, beverage, and food industries and are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against a variety of fungi. Zhumeria majdae belonging to the Lamiaceae family is a rare and endemic medicinal plant species in Iran, with a strong and pleasant odor. The leaves of this plant have been used for many years as an antiseptic carminative agent for the treatment of stomachache (especially in infants) and dysmenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the main constituents of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Z. majdae. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, using serial dilution method.
Results: Based on the GC/MS analysis, 31 compounds representing 95.36% of the essential oil, extracted from the aerial parts of the plant, were identified, among which linalool (63.40%) and camphor (27.48%) were recognized as the major constituents. The total phenolic content was 42.74 GAE (mg)/DW (g). The hydro-distilled essential oil from the aerial part of the plant displayed potential antifungal activities against all the tested pathogenic fungal species (i.e., Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum). Based on the inhibition zone (29 mm) and MIC value (0.015 l/ml), all the tested strains were sensitive to Z. majdae essential oil.
Conclusion: The present results support the traditional and possible use of Z. majdae essential oil in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.Background and Purpose: Essential oils extracted from different plants are extensively used in perfume, beverage, and food industries and are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against a variety of fungi. Zhumeria majdae belonging to the Lamiaceae family is a rare and endemic medicinal plant species in Iran, with a strong and pleasant odor. The leaves of this plant have been used for many years as an antiseptic carminative agent for the treatment of stomachache (especially in infants) and dysmenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the main constituents of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Z. majdae. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, using serial dilution method.
Results: Based on the GC/MS analysis, 31 compounds representing 95.36% of the essential oil, extracted from the aerial parts of the plant, were identified, among which linalool (63.40%) and camphor (27.48%) were recognized as the major constituents. The total phenolic content was 42.74 GAE (mg)/DW (g). The hydro-distilled essential oil from the aerial part of the plant displayed potential antifungal activities against all the tested pathogenic fungal species (i.e., Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum). Based on the inhibition zone (29 mm) and MIC value (0.015 l/ml), all the tested strains were sensitive to Z. majdae essential oil.
Conclusion: The present results support the traditional and possible use of Z. majdae essential oil in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.- انتشار مقاله: 18-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Zahra Imani,Jinus Asgarpanah,Farshad Hashemi,Jamal Hashemi Hezaveh
- مشاهده