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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Dear Editor,Lack of ionizing radiation and the low level energy emission from cell phones initially led to a public perception that use of mobile phones is safe. However, the dramatic increase in the use of cell phones has generated great concerns about their potential adverse effects. We have previously found no association between self-reported illness symptoms and the exposures to microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones or electromagnetic field induced by other major sources.1 We have also reported that microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones may increase the level of mercury, the most non-radioactive toxic element, released from dental amalgam restorations.2The thyroid gland is one of the most exposed vital organs and may be a target for electromagnetic radiation. It has been established that even a small change in circulating thyroid hormone levels is sufficient to alter the brain functions.3 However, we have found only one published paper reporting the effect of microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones on thyroid hormones of rat.4 The aim of the present study was to assess the potential alterations of circulating thyroid hormones levels after exposure to microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones.Seventy seven students were divided into three groups; average daily use of mobile phones in talk mode 5-20 minutes (group 1, 25 individuals); those used mobile phones more than 120 minutes in talk mode (group 2, 31 individuals); and those who did not use mobile phones before the study (control group, 21 individuals).The average number of daily calls and the average duration of each call in group 1 were 3.39 ± 1.87 (ranged 1-10), and 4.23 ± 2.01 minutes (ranged 1-10), respectively. The average number of daily calls and the average duration of each call in group 2 were 6.54 ± 5.64 (ranged 2-30), and 31.96 ± 22.31 minutes (ranged 4-120), respectively. The average daily times for mobile phone use in groups 1 and 2 were 12.68 ± 5.24 and 147.4 ± 53.91 minutes respectively. In group 1, the minimum and maximum period of mobile use was 6 months and 5 years (mean±SD=2.06 ± 1.33 years), respectively. In group 2, the minimum and maximum periods of mobile use were 1 and 10 years (mean±SD=2.90 ± 2.40 years), respectively. The average serum levels of T3, T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the students of group 1 were 1.25 ± 0.27 ng/ml (range: 0.9-2), 7.76 ± 1.73 µg/dl (range: 1.3-9.6) and 4.25 ± 2.12 µu/l (range: 1.9-10.1) respectively. The average levels of T3, T4, and TSH in group 2 were 1.18 ± 0.30 ng/ml (range: 0.8-1.8), 7.75 ± 1.14 µg/dl (range: 6-11), and 3.75 ± 2.05 µu/l (range: 1.5-10.0), respectively. The average levels of T3, T4 and TSH in the control group were 1.15 ± 0.27 ng/ml (range: 0.8-1.7), 8.42 ± 2.72 µg/dl (range: 5.1-18.1), and 2.70 ± 1.75 µu/l (range: 0-6.8), respectively. ANOVA test did not show statistically significant difference between the levels of T3 and T4 in groups 1 and 2, and the control. However, the difference between TSH levels in these 3 groups was statistically significant (P=0.028). These findings confirm the early reports on alterations of blood levels of TSH or thyroid hormones following exposure to electromagnetic fields. Additional large-scale research will further clarify the extent of alterations caused by mobile phone use on the function of human glands.
- انتشار مقاله: 23-02-1394
- نویسندگان: Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi,Asadollah Habib,Amir Hossein Ganj-Karimi,Razieh Samimi-Doost,Atefeh Pour-Abedi,Ali Babaie
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cytomegalovirus,Dendritic Cell Maturation,pp150
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Tegument protein pp150 of cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) plays a vital role in all stages of viral life cycle, representing the most important tegument protein candidate for HCMV treatment. However, the exact role of pp150 in immune regulation is yet to be elucidated. Objective: To examine the effects of pp150 on the maturity and function of murine dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: Maturity status (CD40, CD86, and MHC-II expression) and phagocytic capacity of DCs (dextran uptake assay) were characterized. Gene expression profiles of ROR-γ, GATA-3, T-bet, and FOXP-3 as well as the protein expression of INF-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), IL-35 (Treg), IL-17A (Th17), IL-22, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 were evaluated in T cells co-cultured with DCs. Results: A significant increase in CD40, CD86, and CCR7 expression and a reduction in the phagocytosis rate were observed in pp150-stimulated DCs compared with unstimulated DCs. T cells co-cultured with stimulated DCs showed higher expressions of ROR-γ, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-22, and TNF-α. Conclusion: Despite improvements in maturity status, pp150-stimulated DCs does not seem to be able to induce Th1 or Th2 immunity. In fact, Th17 and its mediators, IL-17A and IL-22, might be the main inflammatory factors involved in pp150-stimulated DC's action mechanism. However, it is necessary to conduct further investigations to corroborate these observations.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-06-1398
- نویسندگان: Yousef Nikmanesh,Shohreh Shahmahmoodi,Ramin Yaghobi,Sayed Mahdi Marashi,Mahmood Mahmoudi,Mahdokht Hossein Aghdaie,Maryam Khosravi,Mohammad Hossein Karimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Function,Dendritic cell,pp65,maturation,Cytomegalo Virus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 23-12-1397
- نویسندگان: Yousef Nikmanesh,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Ramin Yaghobi,Sayed Mahdi Marashi,Mahmood Mahmoudi,Ali Moravej,Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: ILT3, Immunomodulation,MSCs, Transplantation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as effective therapeutic cells in transplantation due to their immunomodulatory activities. However, precise mechanism of MSCs immunomodulatory activity is not completely understood. Objectives: To study the role of Immunoglobulin-like transcripts-3 (ILT3) immunomodulatory receptor in immune tolerance induced by MSCs in skin transplantation model and induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) by MSCs through up-regulation of ILT3. Methods: C57BL/6 skin grafts were transplanted to the back of BALB/c mice. Recipient mice received MSCs on days 0, 1 and 2 post transplantation. On days 2, 5 and 10 post skin transplantation, ILT3 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression in the spleens of MSCs treated mice were evaluated. Furthermore, MSCs and DCs were co-cultured in cell culture plates and transwell systems. Then, the expressions of ILT3 mRNA and protein in MSC-treated DCs were evaluated. Additionally, MSC-treated DCs were co-cultured with allogeneic T-cells and FOXP3 expression in T-cells was evaluated. Results: The expression of ILT3 and FOXP3 were higher in the splenocytes of MSCs-treated mice early post-transplantation. Furthermore, we observed that MSC-treated DCs can increase FOXP3 expression in Tcells. But, we could not find any differences in ILT3 expression between MSC-treated DCs and untreated ones. Conclusion: One of the mechanisms underlying MSCs immunomodulatory function could be up-regulating ILT3 expression in splenocytes. But our results did not support the hypothesis that MSCs induce Tolergenic DCs by upregulation of ILT3.
- انتشار مقاله: 04-10-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Moravej,Mohammad-Hossein Karimi,Bita Geramizadeh,Mahdokht Hossein Aghdaie,Omid Kohi-Hoseinabadi,Salimeh Ebrahimnezhad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Liver Transplantation,Dendritic Cells,TLR
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells for triggering of the immune reaction post transplantation. These cells are centrally involved in the initiation of T cell-dependent immune responses.
Objective: To compare the level of DC maturation and function in liver transplant recipients with healthy controls.
Methods: In this study, twelve peripheral blood samples were selected from six liver transplant patients and six healthy controls. After the generation of DCs from monocytes, expression levels and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of several DC maturation markers were evaluated using flowcytometry. Secretion of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-23 proinflammatory cytokines was determined using ELISA. Gene expressions of TLR-2, TLR-4 and IL-23 were analyzed using real-time PCR.
Results: DC expression markers including CD83 (p=0.007) and CD86 (p=0.02), as well as secretion of IL-6 (p=0.02) and IL-12 (p=0.007) by DCs were significantly increased in liver transplant patients compared with healthy controls. The MFI of CD86 (p=0.009) and HLA-DR (p= 0.005) expression on DCs was also higher in patients. The expression of TLR-2 transcripts in DCs of patients was higher than that of the controls (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, increased frequency of DCs expressing CD83 and CD86, higher expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and TLR-2 as well as elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in DCs of liver transplant recipient's point to the more mature phenotype and active function of DCs in patients compared with controls.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Afsoon Shariat,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Talat Mokhtariazad,Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni,Bita Geramizadeh,Seyed Ali MalekHosseini,Ramin Yaghobi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: MSCs,Immunomodulation,DCs
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a wide range of immunomodulatory functions mostly in immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the key cells in the immune response and play an important role in initiating cell-mediated immunity.
Objective: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs supernatant on maturation and function of DCs.
Methods: Bone marrow derived mice MSCs were isolated and cultured. Twenty-four, forty-eight and seventy-two hours after passage 6, supernatants were collected and MSCs were assessed by cytometric analysis for the expression of CD34, CD44, CD45 and SCA-1. Splenic DCs were isolated using MACS and then co-cultured with MSCs supernatant. Expression of CD86, CD40 and MHC-II on DCs were also evaluated by cytometry. H 3-thymidine incorporation by proliferating T cells was determined in two separate MLR assay settings. In one setting, DCs were co-cultured with T cells in the presence of MSCs supernatant, and in the other setting DCs were treated with MSCs supernatant and then were co-cultured with T cells. Production of IL-12, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines was measured in the supernatant of DCs treated with MSCs supernatant. We also measured IFN- γ and IL-4 levels in MLR supernatant.
Results: The results showed that 72h MSCs supernatant could decrease the expression of MHC-II and CD86. The T cell proliferation was inhibited in the presence of MSCs supernatant and MSCs supernatant treated DCs as demonstrated by MLR assay. A significant increase in IL-4 level and a non significant decrease in IFN- γ level in MLR supernatant were observed. However, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 production did not change significantly.
Conclusion: MSCs supernatant has a time dependent effect on the maturation of DCs. Also, it could alter cytokine production from responding T cells toward Th2. Generally, the findings of this study supported the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs supernatant on DCs maturation and function.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Ladan Sadeghi,Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani,Negar Azarpira,Mehrdad Shariati,Mohammad Hossein Karimi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Liver Transplantation,Acute Rejection,Interlukin-17
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Interleukin-17 (IL-17), as a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has a critical role in post liver transplant outcomes. However, there is not much information about the effects of IL-17 cytokine on acute liver rejection.
Objective: To evaluate the role of IL-17 in post-liver transplant acute rejection.
Methods: Ninety seven adult liver transplant patients who enrolled in this cross sectional study were divided into Non- Acute Rejected (Non-AR) and Acute Rejected (AR) patient groups. Three blood samples were collected from each patient in days 1, 4 and 7 post liver transplantation. The IL-17 mRNA levels were evaluated using an in-house real time PCR protocol. IL- 17 protein levels were also analyzed in Non-AR, AR and also control groups using ELISA method.
Results: The IL-17 mRNA expression level continuously increased in AR patients in all days of follow-up post liver transplantation. IL-17 expression was, however, down regulated after day 4 post-transplant follow-up in Non-AR patients. Both IL-17 mRNA expression and protein levels were also significantly increased in AR patients compared with Non-AR ones.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, significant increase of IL-17 mRNA and protein levels in AR patients highlights the important role of IL-17 in acute liver rejection.- انتشار مقاله: 14-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Afsoon Afshari,Ramin Yaghobi,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Mojtaba Darbooie,Negar Azarpira
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: IL-17 is a major cytokine player in T cell mediated leukocyte associated inflammation. IL-17 is also recognized to participate in the pathophysiology of asthma.
Objective: To determine the role of IL-17 in predicting severe asthma.
Methods: We obtained serum samples from asthmatic children under the age of 5-year in three different groups of mild (n=33), moderate (n=28) and severe (n=32) persistent asthma. IL-17 serum concentrations and mRNA expression were determined by ELISA and real time PCR assays, respectively.
Results: Serum IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma than the other two groups of children with mild and moderate disease (p=0.00). Mean serum IL-17 values were 142.04 pg/ml in mild group, 180.4 pg/ml in moderate group and 251.25 pg/ml in severe group. IL-17 mRNA levels were also significantly elevated in severe asthmatic patients compared to mild and moderate asthmatic children (p=0.00).
Conclusion: Our data reveal an increase in the serum IL-17 concentrations and IL-17 mRNA expressions in children with severe asthma compared to those with mild and moderate forms of the disease.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Soheila Alyasin,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Reza Amin,Maryam Babaei,Sepideh Darougar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: IL-6,Dendritic Cells,IL-12,CD40,CD86
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells play important roles in immunity against foreign invaders. Differentiation of these Th subsets is affected by state of maturation and cytokines that are produced by dendritic cells (DCs). Curdlan is a linear (1→3)-β- glucan and has shown activity against tumors and infectious agents.
Objective: This study aims to investigate whether curdlan plays its role through affecting the maturation and cytokine production by DCs.
Methods: DCs were isolated from the spleen of BALB/c mice by MACS method. After an overnight culture of DCs in the presence of curdlan, the expression levels of CD40, CD86, and MHC-II molecules were determined by flow cytometry. The production of cytokines involved in Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation (IL-12 and IL-6, respectively) was also evaluated by ELISA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated and untreated cells were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively.
Results: The results of this study did not show a significant difference in the levels of surface expression of CD40 (p=0.82), CD86 (p=0.79), and MHC class II (p=0.84) molecules upon exposure to curdlan. However, LPS increased the intensity of CD40 expression on dendritic cells (p=0.04). In addition, it was revealed that curdlan-exposed DCs are not able to produce a significant amount of IL-6 and IL-12 cytokines. Conversely, LPS-treated DCs were able to make a significant amount of IL-12 (p=0.005).
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that curdlan has no effect on Th1 or Th17 differentiation while LPS may induce Th1 deviation by induction of CD40 expression and IL-12 production.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Hashem Soltani,Tahereh Kalantari,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Nasrollah Erfani,Eskandar Kamali Sarvestani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Dendritic Cells,siRNA,Anti-Sense Oligonucleotides,Lipofectamine 2000,FuGene6
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are ideal accessory cells in the field of gene therapy. Delivery of DNA and siRNA into mammalian cells is a useful technique in treating various diseases caused by single gene defects. Selective gene silencing by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN)s is an efficient method for the manipulation of cellular functions. An efficient, functional delivery system with no toxicity problems would be attractive.
Objective: We compared two commercially available cationic lipids, Lipofectamine and FuGENE6, in the delivery of both siRNA and antisense ODNs into mice spleen-derived DCs.
Methods: Cellular uptake was measured by the means of fluorescein-labelled non-silencing siRNA and antisense ODNs as a model system using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of the two delivery systems was compared with propidium iodide and annexin-V staining, and quantified with flow cytometry. The efficiency of our oligonucleotide delivery systems was compared by measuring CD40 expression by flow cytometry.
Results: CD40 expression in DCs was 38%. After siRNA transfection by Lipofectamine, CD40 expression decreased to 13%, and after transfection by FuGENE6, it decreased to 18%. The difference was statistically significant. CD40 down regulation in DCs transfected with the two different antisense sequences by Lipofectamine was 21% and 23%, and down regulation after transfection by FuGENE6 was 19% and 18%, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The effects of siRNA and antisense ODNs were specific.
Conclusion: Lipofectamine was a more potent delivery system in siRNA effect, followed by FuGENE6. There was no significant difference between Lipofectamine and FuGENE6 as a delivery system of antisense ODNs.- انتشار مقاله: 16-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Padideh Ebadi,Mohammad Hossein Karimi,Ali Akbar Pourfathollah,Saheb Ghadam Lotfi,Zahra Soheila Soheili,Shahram Samiee,Smerdis Hajati,Fatemeh Nadali,Bita Geramizadeh,Seyyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- مشاهده