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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Ethanol,Cocaine,Forensic Toxicology,Sudden Death,Cocaethylene
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Polysubstance use or abuse is defined as the ingestion or use of more than one drug of abuse within a defined time frame, aiming to enhance or modulate psychoactive effects, alleviate unwanted side effects of one substance and free access to different kinds of substances. Although deaths involving cocaine and other psychostimulants are increasing in many countries, it is not common in Iran due to the high price of cocaine due to a decrease in the supply chain to Iran.
Case presentation: We report the case of a death due to polysubstance use. Analytical toxicology results were positive for cocaine, cocaethylene, morphine (heroin metabolite), and methadone in combination with positive blood and vitreous humor alcohol contents. The most significant histopathologic features were vascular hypertrophy, chronic myocardial ischemia, moderate to severe atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, diffuse alveolar collapse, micro-vesicular steatosis, focal hepatocyte necrosis, chronic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis.
Discussion: polysubstance users mix drugs to reduce the negative effects of each drug. However, mixing recreational drugs is very dangerous. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions in polysubstance users can produce health consequences leading to death.
Conclusion: Results of this forensic case study increased attention to overdose mortality due to polydrug use.- انتشار مقاله: 25-10-1399
- نویسندگان: Maryam Akhgari,Farzaneh Jokar,Leila Bahmanabadi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Gas chromatography,Weight loss,Illicit Drugs,Mass Spectroscopy,Obesity
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Given the growing prevalence of obesity in industrial societies including Iran, there is a growing demand for herbal weight loss drugs. Taking into account the heavy advertisements to sell the capsule as an herbal medicine, the present study was conducted in 2012 to determine the effective substance of prevalent super slim weight loss capsule.
Methodology: Twenty-six super slim capsules were purchased from Tehran-based pharmacies and herbal medicine shops in 2012. Afterwards, 0.5 gram of the samples was solved in 2.5ml methanol. The samples were filtered and brought up to the volume by adding 5ml of ethanol and placed in an ultrasound device for 30min. 50µl zolpidem was then added as an internal standard. From each sample, 30µl was injected into high performance liquid chromatograph at mobile phases including water, methanol, and triethylamine at volumetric ratios of (0.5+79.5+20v/v/v, pH=5.65) and the obtained peaks were analyzed after 30mins.
Findings:The results showed that prevalent super slim weight loss capsules found in Iran market were not herbal based and the effective substances were synthetic compounds known as sibutramine and mirtazapine. The results of quantitative analysis of the samples showed that pharmaceutical concentration of sibutramine in the capsules ranged from 33.51µg/ml to 286.78µg/ml. In addition, pharmaceutical concentration of sibutramine in the capsules ranged from 33.51µg/ml to 286.78µg/ml – pharmaceutical variables (placebo).
Conclusion:Despite the claims and advertisements by the producers, the drug is not herbal based and contains illicit compounds. Therefore, it is essential to improve transparency in the assessments of the damages caused by weight loss drugs.- انتشار مقاله: 21-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Maryam Akhgari,Bahman Haj Mohammadi,Farzaneh Jokar,Zahra Mousavi
- مشاهده