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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Kidney transplant,Rejection,Cyclosporine,Diltiazem
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Cyclosporine (CsA) is a drug that has been used for prevention of kidney transplant rejection for many years. Diltiazem with the inhibition of cyclosporine metabolism and clearance will increase CsA concentration and CsA dose can be decreased. The aim of this study was the evaluation of diltiazem effect on CsA dose adjustment with respect to C2. Forty stable renal transplant patients who were receiving CsA, prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetile as well as diltiazem were enrolled in the study. At first, minimum concentration of CsA (C0) and concentration within 2 h after dosing (C2) were determined in every patient. These patients were randomly assigned to an 8-week period of continued therapy with diltiazem (20 patients), or to a washout period removing diltiazem from the treatment (20 patients). At the end of this period, CsA concentrations were measured. Thereafter, the groups underwent a crossover followed by either diltiazem washout or reinstituted treatment with diltiazem. Then C0 and C2 were measured. In each step which diltiazem was removed from patient drug regimen, CsA dose was increased by 25%. Finally, we detected that this amount of CsA dose adjustment is suitable in our patients and C0 and C2 remained in the therapeutic windows. Diltiazem co-administration with CsA will be safe and cause decreased patients drug cost.
- انتشار مقاله: 29-06-1389
- نویسندگان: Jalal Azmandian,Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi,Faramarz Fazeli,Farhad Sarrafzadeh,Abbas Etminan,Omid Savari,Mojtaba Ghadamzadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Infection,Antibiotic,E.coli,Nosocomial,UTIs,Urinary catheter
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Nearly 15% to 25% of patients in general hospitals have a catheter at some time
during their stay. Up to 97% of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are related
to catheter. The type of bacteremia is usually polymicrobial which makes the treatment
more difficult. Previous studies showed an increase in mortality from bacteremia in these
patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of UTIs among
patients with and without catheter, and to detect the type of bacteriuria and antibacterial
resistance pattern.
In this cross sectional study, samples were taken between Jan 2011 and July 2011. 678
hospitalized patients in different wards of Afzalipour hospital, Kerman- Iran, were enrolled in
the study. E-test was applied to detect the pattern of resistance to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin,
ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxon and co-trimoxazole. Results showed positive culture samples in 86%
of female patients.
Escherichia coli, Candida and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 72, 20 and 7 percent
of the positive cultures, respectively. 52.3% of detected E.coli was sensitive to gentamicin , 62%
to ceftriaxone, 71.4% to ciprofloxacin, and 91.9% were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Therefore,
the most sensitive antibiotics in UTIs were ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Unfortunately, the
rate of antibacterial drug resistance was high in comparison with developed countries. Wise
selection of antibiotics at hospitals and increasing the knowledge of patients to prevent self use
of antibiotics can reduce antimicrobial resistance.- انتشار مقاله: 12-02-1391
- نویسندگان: Farhad Sarrafzadeh,Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Methadone,Opium dependence,Intensive care units
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Few studies have been conducted regarding the comparison of the efficacy of methadone and
tincture of opium (TOP) in controlling agitation induced by withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, the current
randomized trial study is carried out with the aim to evaluate comparisons on the efficacy of methadone and
TOP in controlling agitation caused by withdrawal syndrome in opium addicted patients in the intensive care
units (ICUs).
Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients admitted to ICU of Shahid Bahonar Hospital,
Kerman, Iran. After classification of the patients into two groups, the first and second groups consumed
methadone syrup (5 mg/ml) and TOP (10 mg/ml), respectively. Agitation in these patients was assessed
through the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Vital signs were also assessed. Paired sample t-test
and independent t-test were used for data analysis.
Findings: In the current study, the administered dose of methadone and TOP was 36.17 ± 26.99 and
112.67 ± 102.74 mg, respectively (P < 0.010). Methadone administration led to a significant decrease of the
patients’ vital signs, including systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and Glasgow Coma Scale
(GCS) (P < 0.05). Though TOP administration decreased systolic blood pressure and GCS significantly
(P < 0.05), it had no effect on patients’ diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and
respiratory rate (P > 0.05). In total, no significant difference was detected between two groups regarding
vital signs (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was seen between methadone and TOP groups in
terms of RASS score (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, lower dose of methadone, compared to TOP, could
control agitation caused by opium withdrawal symptoms.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-02-1399
- نویسندگان: Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi,Mostafa Pournamdari,Raazieh Salimi,Farhad Sarrafzadeh,Mehdi Ahmadinejad
- مشاهده