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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Transesterification,Rendered chicken fats,Waste chicken eggshells
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: To make the biodiesel competitive with petroleum diesel, cheap and abundant materials can be utilized as a catalyst and waste oils can be used as resources. In this research study, the potential of waste chicken eggshells was used as a catalyst to produce biodiesel from the rendered chicken fats (RCF). The calcium methoxide catalyst was prepared by calcining the waste eggshells at 900 °C in air for 4 h followed by treatment with methanol under reflux condition. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared catalyst were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). Two-step process including, esterification and transesterification were employed to convert the RCF to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Esterification pretreatment with ferric sulfate successfully reduced 75.1% of the FFA content in RCF which enables high biodiesel production. Under the optimal reaction condition, the highest conversion of biodiesel was found to be 90.04% at 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio, 3 wt% catalyst loading, and 2 h reaction time at 65 °C. The catalyst was successfully used for 4 consecutive cycles with less than 2 mg/kg of Ca was detected in the product.
- انتشار مقاله: 30-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Ernee Noryana Muhamad,Dian Wahyuni Md Bahrin,Khairunisa Mokhtara
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Methyl orange,Photodegradation,ZnO doped CuO,UV light
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide doped zinc oxide photocatalysts (CuO/ZnO) were synthesized by precipitation method. The effect of CuO loading on the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic performance of ZnO in photodegrading methyl orange dye solution (MO) was investigated. The produced ZnO has a crystallite size of 61.1 nm, surface area of 4.43 nm2/g and band gap energy of 3.30 eV. After doping with 0.8% CuO, the crystallite size decreased to 19.4 nm while the surface area increased to 8.2 mm2/g. The band gap energy, however, remained the same indicating that low CuO content did not affect the optical properties of ZnO. The efficiency of the photocatalystsin photodegrading MO was evaluated under different conditions. Photocatalytic activities showed that the highest removal of 54.1% was achieved when 5 ppm of MO solution was degraded by 0.6 g of 0.8% CuO/ZnO at pH 6.8. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the amounts of the degraded MO (mg/g) and three experimental factors (mass loading, MO initial concentration and MO initial pH). The highest amount of the degraded MO was 12.8 mg/g when 0.2 g of 0.8% CuO doped ZnO was used in 5 ppm MO at pH 5.
- انتشار مقاله: 07-04-1397
- نویسندگان: Siti Nur Surhayani Jefri,Abdul Halim Abdullah,Ernee Noryana Muhamad
- مشاهده