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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Knudsen Number,Net Pay Zone,Porosity and Permeability Cutoff,Tight Gas Reservoirs
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Net pay thickness is defined as that portion of a reservoir which contains economically producible hydrocarbons with today’s technology, prices, and costs. This thickness is a key parameter of the volumetric calculation of in-place hydrocarbons, well test interpretation, and reservoir characterization. A reservoir interval is considered as net pay when it contains hydrocarbons that can flow at an economic rate. Therefore, to define net pay, cutoffs of hydrocarbon storage properties besides flow properties of reservoir rock are necessary. Frequently, petrophysical log-derived rock storage properties like porosity and water saturation are linked to core measured properties like permeability to find a relation between them. Then, by use of a fixed limiting value for permeability, log-derived properties cutoffs are determined. The basic problem of these methods is related to permeability cutoff, since in most cases there is no knowledge about it, and the permeability cutoff can differ from field to field or even well to well.
A new methodology has been developed to find a logical permeability cutoff for gas reservoirs which can differ for different wells and/or fields. This technique is based on gas flow through porous media in tight rocks. Accordingly, a relationship between porosity and permeability is derived as a cutoff value at reservoir pressure and temperature, which is considered as a discriminator plot. Then, the core data of the specified reservoir are added to this plot and the data points reflecting net pay zone are identified. This technique has been applied to four real gas reservoirs in Iran and indicated acceptable results confirmed by the drill stem test (DST) and production data. The results show that the proposed procedure is less dependent on experts’ experiences and acts as a straightforward and powerful tool for the refinement of net pays. In addition, the cutoff values calculated from this method contain a scientific base supporting the main procedure.- انتشار مقاله: 10-05-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehdi Qassamipour,Elnaz Khodapanah,Seyyed Alireza Tabatabaei-Nezhad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Sour Gas Flares,EPA Environmental Reports,Pollutant Emission,FRNC Software
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In sour gas flares, content like any other components in inlet gas influences adiabatic flame temperature, which, in turn, impacts on the pollutant emission. Wherever flame temperature increases, the endothermic reaction between and is accelerated, which means higher emission to the atmosphere. In this work, we developed an in-house MATLAB code to provide an environment for combustion calculations. Then, this written code was used to perform sensitivity analyses on content, air temperature, and excess air ratio in sour gas flares. We used Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports to assign weighting indexes to each air contaminant according to its harmfulness to environment; thereafter, sour gas flaring conditions were optimized for two real field case studies, namely Ahwaz (AMAK) and South Pars, to reach the minimum integrated pollutant concentrations. The results show that each 2% increase in the content of the entrance feed may produce 0.3% additional in the exhaust. The results also confirm that decreases of 20 °F and 50 °F in the oxidant temperature cause emission to reduce by 0.5% to 1% respectively. Finally, to verify and validate our results acquired from the written MATLAB code, FRNC 2012 industrial software was used to duplicate the oxidation results for the two sour flare case studies.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-02-1397
- نویسندگان: Ahmed Zoeir,Alireza Tabatabaei Nejad,Elnaz Khodapanah
- مشاهده