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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Prevalence,alcohol drinking,Systematic review
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran cannot be estimated because large variations have been observed in the reported prevalences of alcohol consumption. The main aim of this study was to assess the methodological challenges in estimation of the life time prevalence of alcohol consumed in Iran. By the same token we provided a standard approach for future researches in this regard. Methods: Published articles were reviewed systematically. Using the risk of bias tool, 49 out of 600 articles met the eligibility criteria. Based on the population of alcohol consumers, the included studies were categorized into 5 groups: general populations, patients, school students, university students, and specific population (first relatives of opium addicts and women who were faced with epistemic violence). Results: There was a paucity of reliable information in about 40% of provinces. Almost all studies applied the direct size estimation methods, but 11 studies used face to face interview and 38 studies used self-administered questionnaires. The non-response bias seemed prominent in entire studies except those on school students. It is important to mention that 97% of papers in general population did not represent any information about the non-response rate. The reported prevalence ranged from 1.37% in university students to 88.8% in patient population. Even among university students, the prevalence varied considerably (1.37% to 34.7%). Conclusion: The observed huge variations in the reported prevalence of alcohol consumption, due to the methodological consideration, appear largely in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a standard protocol for data collection and sampling to harmonize the findings in future studies. In addition, it is recommended to assess the frequency of alcohol use by indirect methods such as the Network Scale Up method.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-11-1396
- نویسندگان: Elham Mohebbi,Roya Nikbakht,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Mahshid Salemianpour,Azam Rastegari,Zahra Zolala,Shahrzad Motaghipisheh,Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: International Journal of Health Policy and Management
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Prevalence,attitude,Amphetamines,Cognition,Opioid Related Disorders
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background
Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use.
Methods
We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. Participants were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that are associated with drug and stimulant use.
Results
In total 2065 respondents including 1155 men (33.96 ± 10.40 years old) and 910 women (35.45 ± 12.21 years old) were recruited. Two-third of respondents had good awareness about adverse effects of opioid use. Corresponding figure in terms of stimulants was 81.4%. Almost 95% of participants reported a negative attitude towards either opioid or stimulant use. The lifetime prevalence of opioid use and stimulant use were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%), respectively. Gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]M/W = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.42), education (AORundergraduate/diploma or less = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.90), and marital status (AORothers/single = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.33) were significantly related with opioid use. With respect to stimulant use, age was negatively associated with the outcome (AOR60+/20-29 years = 0.08: 95% CI; 0.01, 0.98) and men were 2 times more likely than women to use stimulants (ORM/W=2.15: 95% CI: 0.83, 5.56). In addition, marital status (AOROthers/singles = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.93), and awareness (AORWeak and moderate/good = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61) were independently correlated with stimulants use.
Conclusion
While the attitude of Iranian adults toward opioid and stimulant use was negative, their awareness was not that adequate to prevent the drug use. Men and those with lower socio-economic status (SES) should be the focus of health promotion programs regarding opioid use. However, regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target younger age groups and those with higher SES status.- انتشار مقاله: 05-09-1396
- نویسندگان: Elham Mohebbi,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Alireza Noroozi,Hossein Molavi Vardanjani,Ahmad Hajebi,Roya Nikbakht,Maryam Mehrabi,Akram Jabbarinejad Kermani,Mahshid Salemianpour,Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: risk factors,Waterpipe smoking,Prevalence,Behavior
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Waterpipe smoking is a growing public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess waterpipe smoking prevalence and its associated factors among Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, recruiting 1090 adult participants using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire was used. The socio-demographic characteristics and waterpipe smoking behaviors such as pattern, duration, and the most common place of waterpipe use, the type of tobacco, and the concurrent use of alcohol and substances were assessed. Data analyses were performed using chi-square, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression.Findings: The prevalence of ever, current and daily waterpipe smoking were 43.8%, 28.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. Men initiated to use waterpipe in more early ages than women (P < 0.001). Café or restaurant (34.4%) and friends' house (36.8%) were the most frequent places for waterpipe using by men and women, respectively. Men used waterpipe 2.8 times more frequently than women. Waterpipe smoking was 4.9 times more likely in the 18-24 years age range compared to the 45 years or older. Waterpipe use was 2.4 times greater in the unemployed than in housewives. People with a university education were 1.4 and 1.7 times more likely to use waterpipe compared to people with high school diploma and illiterates, respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed that men, high level of education, younger age and unemployment were associated with waterpipe smoking. Therefore, we need to design and implement more effective interventions, especially for vulnerable target groups.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-05-1396
- نویسندگان: Mina Danaei,Akram Jabbarinejad-Kermani,Elham Mohebbi,Mohsen Momeni
- مشاهده