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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: harm,Privacy,dignity,Natural Disasters,Principlism,Temporary shelters
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Some disasters, such as earthquake and flood make the majority of affected people homeless. The
accommodation of these people in temporary shelters and camps requires some specific ethical issues. The aim of the
present study was to discuss ethical issues regarding living in camps following natural disasters.
Methods: This study is conducted utilizinga qualitative content analysis approach. The required data were collected
from four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Subsequently, 11 in-depth interviews were completed using the individuals
who had the experience of receiving care following natural disasters and continued until data saturation. Data were
analyzed using Graham content analysis method.
Results: According to the results obtained from affected people’s views, the most important ethical issues that are not
considered important in temporary shelters and camps include:1) the violation of privacy,2) the shortage of basic needs
(e.g., food, water, and sanitation) and type and quality of services rendered,3) lack of attention to cultural and religious
views of the affected people, 4) cause of evacuation, 5)lack of co-operation among disaster managers, 6)respecting the
properties of the affected people, 7)conditions and geographic location of camps, 8)property care, and 9)communitybased
care.
Conclusion: Without paying attention to ethical issues, living in temporary shelters (i.e., camps) violates the dignity of
affected people and then the affected people will not have appropriate cooperation with the managers. All these issues
expose them to more harm than before.
Level of evidence: VI- انتشار مقاله: 20-05-1396
- نویسندگان: Ali Khaji,Bagher Larijani,Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi,Mohammad A. Mohagheghi,Hammid R. Khankeh,Soheil Saadat,Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Systematic review,Resource Allocation,Medical Ethics,Technological-Disaster,Duty of care,mandatory Evacuation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Ethical issues in Technological disaster: A systematic review of literature
Introduction: Industrialization could bring risk of Technological Disaster (TD) such as happened in Chernobyl, Bhopal and Fukushima crisis. little has been discussed about its related ethical issues. In this study, we aimed to investigate ethical issues have been stated for technological disasters.
Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the main international literature databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and ISI (Jan 1, 2000 to March 30, 2014). From 64 articles were eligible for investigation of ethical issues in Natural disaster, 6 was related to Technological Disaster. The articles were in English language.
Result: Our result show that there are six articles discussing ethical issues during Technological disaster. All of them are related to nuclear crisis in Fukushima resulting from Japan tsunami 2011. These articles discussed mainly three ethical issues in providing medical care to victims of Technological Disasters as follow: 1- Duty of care 2- Mandatory evacuation and Resource Allocation.
Conclusion: Victim health is the main factor for making decision and implementation of any programs during response to disasters. Mandatory Evacuation for reasons other than providing health to people (such as: maintain public order) and if bring health risk to people will be unjustified. Duty of health workers for providing care is based on General beneficence meanwhile it is necessary to provide facilities to protect them from dangers that treat them in the field. For act ethically, Health workers must have adequate preparedness for response to T-D meanwhile it is necessary to provide guidelines for individuals that participation in relief operation. It is necessary to discuss more about Technological Disaster Ethics especially in industrial countries and where there is especial industrial with potential of huge crises.- انتشار مقاله: 17-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Khaji,Bagher Larijani,Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi,Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi,Hamid Reza Khankeh,Soheil Saadat,Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei,Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: harm,Privacy,dignity,Natural Disasters,Principlism,Temporary shelters
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Some disasters, such as earthquake and flood make the majority of affected people homeless. The
accommodation of these people in temporary shelters and camps requires some specific ethical issues. The aim of the
present study was to discuss ethical issues regarding living in camps following natural disasters.
Methods: This study is conducted utilizinga qualitative content analysis approach. The required data were collected
from four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Subsequently, 11 in-depth interviews were completed using the individuals
who had the experience of receiving care following natural disasters and continued until data saturation. Data were
analyzed using Graham content analysis method.
Results: According to the results obtained from affected people’s views, the most important ethical issues that are not
considered important in temporary shelters and camps include:1) the violation of privacy,2) the shortage of basic needs
(e.g., food, water, and sanitation) and type and quality of services rendered,3) lack of attention to cultural and religious
views of the affected people, 4) cause of evacuation, 5)lack of co-operation among disaster managers, 6)respecting the
properties of the affected people, 7)conditions and geographic location of camps, 8)property care, and 9)communitybased
care.
Conclusion: Without paying attention to ethical issues, living in temporary shelters (i.e., camps) violates the dignity of
affected people and then the affected people will not have appropriate cooperation with the managers. All these issues
expose them to more harm than before.
Level of evidence: VI- انتشار مقاله: 20-05-1396
- نویسندگان: Ali Khaji,Bagher Larijani,Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi,Mohammad A. Mohagheghi,Hammid R. Khankeh,Soheil Saadat,Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Systematic review,Resource Allocation,Medical Ethics,Technological-Disaster,Duty of care,mandatory Evacuation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Ethical issues in Technological disaster: A systematic review of literature
Introduction: Industrialization could bring risk of Technological Disaster (TD) such as happened in Chernobyl, Bhopal and Fukushima crisis. little has been discussed about its related ethical issues. In this study, we aimed to investigate ethical issues have been stated for technological disasters.
Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the main international literature databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and ISI (Jan 1, 2000 to March 30, 2014). From 64 articles were eligible for investigation of ethical issues in Natural disaster, 6 was related to Technological Disaster. The articles were in English language.
Result: Our result show that there are six articles discussing ethical issues during Technological disaster. All of them are related to nuclear crisis in Fukushima resulting from Japan tsunami 2011. These articles discussed mainly three ethical issues in providing medical care to victims of Technological Disasters as follow: 1- Duty of care 2- Mandatory evacuation and Resource Allocation.
Conclusion: Victim health is the main factor for making decision and implementation of any programs during response to disasters. Mandatory Evacuation for reasons other than providing health to people (such as: maintain public order) and if bring health risk to people will be unjustified. Duty of health workers for providing care is based on General beneficence meanwhile it is necessary to provide facilities to protect them from dangers that treat them in the field. For act ethically, Health workers must have adequate preparedness for response to T-D meanwhile it is necessary to provide guidelines for individuals that participation in relief operation. It is necessary to discuss more about Technological Disaster Ethics especially in industrial countries and where there is especial industrial with potential of huge crises.- انتشار مقاله: 17-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Khaji,Bagher Larijani,Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi,Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi,Hamid Reza Khankeh,Soheil Saadat,Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei,Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Health,Policy,évolution,Medical education,Manpower
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Lack of a clear policy for the development of healthhuman resources has created inconsistencies. These imbalancesare threats to the health system to achieve its goals. Therefore, thedevelopment of human resources through proper performance ofhigher education health system is an important part of the policydevelopment process of the health sector. The present paper aimsto introduce the methods applied for the compilation of evolutionand innovation program of medical sciences training as well asthe most important directions for evolution and innovation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the methodology fordesigning packages of Iran’s higher education health systemevolution and innovation. For this purpose, the evaluation of thepolicy process was conducted based on Michelle and Scott’s policyprocess models. This policy evaluation model starts by problemidentification and definition and continue by agenda setting, policyformation, legitimation, implementation, evaluation, and policymodification, using the proper feedback. Qualitative contentanalysis method was used as a research method for subjectiveinterpretation of the content of the text data. Results: Twelve policies, 68 strategies and their translation in thehealth system were adopted in a comprehensive plan for higherhealth education. Eleven practical packages were also developedin order to implement these policies as packages for reform andinnovation in medical education. These packages were organizedbased on the IPOCC pattern. Conclusion: The lack of a comprehensive look at each projector program could bring about irreparableness consequences.However, the MoHME of Iran, relying on the integration of healthhigher education with health care system and comprehensivemethod used for transformation and innovation plan in the fieldof health higher education could take an important step towardsimproving the nation’s health.
- انتشار مقاله: 22-01-1397
- نویسندگان: ATA POURABBASI,HAMID AKBARI,AMIR AHMAD AKHVAN,ALI AKBAR HAGHDOOST,ZAHRA KHEIRY,REZA DEHNAVIEH,HAMED RAHIMI,SOMAYEH NOORI HEKMAT,BAGHER LARIJANI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Academic institutions are the most importantorganizations for implementation of internationalization policiesand practices for integrating an international, intercultural andglobal dimension in higher education system. Also, a globallyincreasing demand for higher education has been seen in the pasttwo decades so that the number of students enrolled in highereducation institutions in the worldwide nation-states has increaseddramatically. The National Plan of International Developmentof Medical Education was designed with the aim of identifyingavailable potentials in all the universities of medical sciences,encouraging the development of international standards ofmedical education, and planning for the utilization of the existingcapacity in Islamic republic of Iran.Methods: Authors have tried to review the several aspectsof international activities in higher education in the world anddescribe national experiences and main policies in globalization ofmedical education in Iran within implementation of the NationalPlan for Development and Innovation in Medical Education.Results: The findings of some global experiences providethe policy makers with clear directions in order to developinternationalization of higher education.Conclusion: The Program for International Development ofMedical Education was designed by the Deputy of Educationin the Ministry of Health and the effective implementationof this Program was so important for promotion of Iranianmedical education. But there were some challenges in thisregard; addressing them through inter-sectoral collaborationis one of the most important strategies for the development ofinternationalization of education in the field of medical sciences.Keywords: Medical education, Higher education, Innovation
- انتشار مقاله: 13-10-1396
- نویسندگان: EHSAN SHAMSI GOOSHKI,ATA POURABBASI,HAMID AKBARI,NIMA REZAEI,ALI ARAB KHERADMAND,ZAHRA KHEIRY,NILOUFAR PEYKARI,FATEREH MOMENI JAVID,FIROUZEH HAJIPOUR,BAGHER LARIJANI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pathology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: methylation,Tumor suppressor genes,Papillary thyroid cancers
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background & Objective:
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is considered to be the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Epigenetic alteration, in which the chromatin conformation and gene expression change without changing the sequence of DNA, can occur in some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Methylation is the most common type of epigenetic alterations that can be an excellent indicator of PTC invasive behavior.
Methods:
In this research, we determined the promoter methylation status of four tumor suppressor genes (SLC5A8, RASSF1, MGMT, and DNMT1) and compared the results of 55 PTC cases with 40 goiter patients. For methylation, we used the methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) assay technique. The resulting graphs of each run were compared with those of 0%, 50%, and 100% methylated controls.
Result:
Our data showed that the promoter methylation of SLC5A8, Ras association domain family member 1(RASSF1), and MGMT were significantly different between PTC tissue and goiter with P-value less than 0.05. The most significant differences were observed in RASSF1; 77.2% of hyper-methylated PTC patients versus 15.6% hyper-methylated goiter samples (P<0.001).
Conclusion:
RASSF1 promoter methylation can be a PTC genetic marker. RASSF1 promoter methylation is under the impact of the methyltransferase genes (DNMT1 and MGMT), protein expression, and promoter methylation.- انتشار مقاله: 03-07-1397
- نویسندگان: Fatemeh Khatami,Bagher Larijani,Ramin Heshmat,Shirzad Nasiri,Hiva Saffar,Gita Shafiee,Azam Mossafa,Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Type 1 diabetes,Regulatory T Cells (Tregs),Suppressive Function,(T1D)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease targeting the insulin-producing β cells within pancreatic islets. Autoimmune diseases may develop as a consequence of altered balance between regulatory (Tregs) and autoreactive T cells.
Objectives: To evaluate Treg cells frequency and suppressive function in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed T1D patients in comparison with healthy controls.
Methods: Fifteen new cases of T1D patients and 15 age- and sexmatched healthy controls were recruited to this study. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and CD4 +CD25+FoxP3+CD127-/low Treg cells were studied by flowcytometry technique. Thereafter, Tregs were isolated by Magnetic- Activated Cell Separation (MACS) technology and by using CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) dilution assay, their suppressive activity was evaluated in the coculture of CD4 +CD25- T responder cells with Treg cells. Results: The percentage of CD4 +CD25+FoxP3+CD127-/low Tregs did not differ between T1D patients and healthy controls but the MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) of transcription factor FoxP3 (forkhead box protein P3) was significantly decreased in T1D patients (20.03 ± 1.4 vs. 31.33 ± 2.95, p=0.0017). Moreover, the suppressive function of CD4 +CD25+CD127-/low Treg cells was significantly diminished in T1D patients in comparison with control group (35.16 ± 4.93% vs. 60.45 ± 5.26%, respectively, p=0.0015).
Conclusion: Present study indicates an impaired immune regulation among T1D patients, characterized by defects in suppressive function and expression of FoxP3 in Treg cells without any significant decrease in their frequency in peripheral blood.- انتشار مقاله: 14-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Babak Aghili,Ali Akbar Amirzargar,Asadollah Rajab,Ali Rabbani,Arya Sotoudeh,Sara Assadiasl,Bagher Larijani,Ahmad Massoud
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cytokine,Polymorphism,Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder. Cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Objective: IFN-¹ polymorphism was investigated in T1D and compared with normal controls.
Methods: Thirty patients suffering from T1D and 40 normal controls were studied simultaneously using PCR technique. IFN- ¹ gene was evaluated at position 5’UTR +5644.
Results: There was a significant difference between patient and control groups in TT genotype (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, we found a negative association between IFN-¹ gene at position 5’UTR +5644 and T1D in Iranian patients pointing to T allele as a protective factor against T1D.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Rafinejad,Mohammad Hossein Niknam,Ali Akbar Amirzargar,Farideh Khosravi,Forouzan Karimi,Bagher Larijani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Immunology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cytokine,Polymorphism,Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder. Cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Objective: IFN-¹ polymorphism was investigated in T1D and compared with normal controls.
Methods: Thirty patients suffering from T1D and 40 normal controls were studied simultaneously using PCR technique. IFN- ¹ gene was evaluated at position 5’UTR +5644.
Results: There was a significant difference between patient and control groups in TT genotype (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, we found a negative association between IFN-¹ gene at position 5’UTR +5644 and T1D in Iranian patients pointing to T allele as a protective factor against T1D.- انتشار مقاله: 15-05-1395
- نویسندگان: Ali Rafinejad,Mohammad Hossein Niknam,Ali Akbar Amirzargar,Farideh Khosravi,Forouzan Karimi,Bagher Larijani
- مشاهده