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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: KEY WORDS,Antimicribial activity, Antioxidant, Lonicera nummularifolia
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The present study deals with antibacterial and antioxidant screening of ethanolic leaf extract and various fractions of Lonicera nummularifolia, an endemic plant of Caprifoliace family. The ethanolic extract was prepared using soxhlet extraction procedure and fractionation of extract was performed by a continuous liquid-liquid extraction method. Total phenol, flavonoid and triterpenoid were determined in the extract using standard spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant assays including DPPH and FRAP were conducted in order to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity of total ehanolic extract and fractions were evaluated by measuring MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against four standard bacterial strains, including Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus ureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosae and Acenitobacter baumannii. using broth micro-dilution method. Total phenol content of hydroalcoholic extract was found to be higher than flavonoid. Results of antioxidant assays indicated that ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extract was promising. Results of antibacterial screening declared the lowest MIC value for ethanol extract and therefore higher bacteriostatic activity against the tested bacterial strains compare to chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Ethanolic extract also revealed significant bactericidal activity among all the tested extracts. Overall inspection of the results declared moderate DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity and antibacterial properties of L. nummularifolia which is worthy of further thorough investigations. Isolation and characterisation of active substances of the extract are interesting approaches in order to validate antibacterial and ferric reducing properties of the plant.
- انتشار مقاله: 02-03-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Ali Farboodniay Jahromi,Amir Emami,Raha Nazeri,Neda Pirbonyeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: nursing,Social Responsibility,Education,Social Obligation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی:
- انتشار مقاله: 11-10-1348
- نویسندگان: Mohammad Sharafkhani,Mohammad Reza Armat,Amir Emami Zeydi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Burn,Methicillin-Resistant,Coagulase-negative Staphylococci,S. lugdunensis
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Although Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were previously considered to be harmless bacteria, some species have recently been shown to be potential pathogens in humans. One of these species, which has emerged in nosocomial infections, is Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Given the importance of recognizing new infections in hospital settings and their prevention, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of S. lugdunensis in patients with burn injuries.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 124 CoNS isolates were evaluated in the patients admitted in a burn injury center in the southwest of Iran during January 2016-May 2017. The detected S. lugdunensis isolates were assessed in terms of drug susceptibility pattern, β-lactamase production, mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance, and inducible clindamycin resistance. The applied methods included disk diffusion, penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration, cefoxitin broth microdilution, and erythromycin/clindamycin disk diffusion, respectively.
Results:Among the CoNS samples, 25 cases (20.2%) were S. lugdunensis. In the confirmed isolates, mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance was detected in 21 cases (84%), and 18 isolates (72.0%) produced β-lactamase. In addition, 23 isolates (88.5%) showed inducible clindamycin resistance. In the antibiogram pattern, more than 70% of the methicillin-resistant isolates were also resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, azithromycin, and ceftazidime.
Conclusion: According to the results, S. lugdunensis was the cause of a new infection emerging in the studied burn injury center. Considering the resistance of the isolates against the most routine antibiotics, vancomycin is suggested as an alternative. Due to the prevalence of S. lugdunensis in different hospital wards, it is strongly recommended that CoNS isolates be evaluated for the detection of this bacterium.- انتشار مقاله: 29-06-1396
- نویسندگان: Amir Emami,Neda Pirbonyeh,Abdollah Bazargani,Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi,Bahram Derakhshan,Mitra Zardosht,Seyed Mohsen Hoseini
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Antibiotic resistant,Burn,Nosocomial infection,Treatment policy
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Burn is a devastating form of trauma, and based on its condition, it could run the risk of infections. Infection of wound is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in burn cases. The current study investigates the prevalence of infectious agent in three years and antibiotic resistant pattern to improve and predispose a good policy of treatment in our environment. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total number of 3330 samples from 713 patients were evaluated for detection of the most prevalent infections and for finding out the antibiotic susceptibility pattern with routine microbiology procedures. Results: Based on the results, 598 samples were reported positive. According to the results Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter sp. were the three most prevalent bacteria with a prevalence rate of 42.1%, 22.1% and 18.4% respectively. Furthermore, based on the results of distribution and diversity of bacterial infections, wound samples were the most infected samples with 73.6% of total infections. Finally, during these three years, there were no significant changes in the resistance pattern of Gram positive and Gram negative infectious agents. Conclusion: By evaluating the infectious agents during the period of the study, it was found that due to the focus on treatment of Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria especially Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus have at least doubled. This increase in two important nosocomial infections is a next threat of infection and septicemia for burn victims.
- انتشار مقاله: 06-12-1395
- نویسندگان: Neda Pirbonyeh,Abdollah Bazargani,Amir Emami,Zahra Anvar,Seied Mohsen Hosseini,Mitra Zardosht,Bahram Derakhshan
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: Communication skill (CS) has been regarded as one of thefundamental competencies for medical and other health care professionals.Student’s attitude toward learning CS is a key factor in designing educationalinterventions. The original CSAS, as positive and negative subscales, wasdeveloped in the UK; however, there is no scale to measure these attitudesin Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristicof the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS), in an Iranian contextand to understand if it is a valid tool to assess attitude toward learningcommunication skills among health care professionals.Methods: Psychometric characteristics of the CSAS were assessed byusing a cross-sectional design. In the current study, 410 medical studentswere selected using stratified sampling framework. The face validity of thescale was estimated through students and experts’ opinion. Content validityof CSAS was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Reliability wasexamined through two methods including Chronbach’s alpha coefficient andIntra class Correlation of Coefficient (ICC). Construct validity of CSAS wasassessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and explanatory factoranalysis (PCA) followed by varimax rotation. Convergent and discriminantvalidity of the scale was measured through Spearman correlation. Statisticalanalysis was performed using SPSS 19 and EQS, 6.1.Results: The internal consistency and reproducibility of the total CSASscore were 0.84 (Cronbach’s alpha) and 0.81, which demonstrates anacceptable reliability of the questionnaire. The item-level contentvalidity index (I-CVI) and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) demonstrated appropriate results: 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. Anexploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the 25 items of the CSAS revealed4-factor structure that all together explained %55 of the variance. Resultsof the confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable goodness-offitbetween the model and the observed data. [χ2/df=2.36, ComparativeFit Index (CFI)=0.95, the GFI=0.96, Root Mean Square Error ofApproximation (RMSEA)=0.05].Conclusion: The Persian version of CSAS is a multidimensional, validand reliable tool for assessing attitudes towards communication skillamong medical students.Keywords: Communication skills, Attitude, Psychometrics
- انتشار مقاله: 13-10-1396
- نویسندگان: AFSANEH YAKHFOROSHHA,MANDANA SHIRAZI,NASER YOUSEFZADEH,AMIN GHANBARNEJAD,MOHAMMADALI CHERAGHI,RITA MOJTAHEDZADEH,BEHROOZ MAHMOODI-BAKHTIARI,SEYED AMIR HOSSEIN EMAMI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی:
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction: There is a growing trend in online education coursesin higher education institutes. Previous studies have shown thathigh levels of self-direction are essential for successful onlinelearning. The present study aims to investigate challenges of andbarriers to self-directed virtual-learning among postgraduatestudents of medical sciences.Methods: 23 postgraduate virtual students of medical sciences inIran, collected through maximum variation purposive samplingand semi-structured interviews, served as the sample of thisstudy. The collected data were analyzed using the inductivecontent analysis method.Results: Three themes and six sub-themes were identified asbarriers to self-directed learning in virtual education, includingcognitive barriers (information overload and lack of focus onlearning or mind wondering), communication barriers (inadequatecoping skills and inadequate writing skills) and educationalenvironment barriers (heavy workload and role ambiguity).Conclusion: By the importance of self-direction in onlineeducation, the present study results can be used by virtualeducation planners in the review and design of courses, so as toadequately equip students, obviate barriers to self-directed virtualeducation, and ultimately train highly self-directed learners inonline medical education.Keywords: Medical education; Graduate medical education; Technology; Learning
- انتشار مقاله: 04-04-1396
- نویسندگان: NOUSHIN KOHAN,KAMRAN SOLTANI ARABSHAHI,RITA MOJTAHEDZADEH,ABBAS ABBASZADEH,TAYEBEH RAKHSHANI,AMIRHOUSEIN EMAMI
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pathology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,human papillomavirus
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background & Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Similar to the global studies, different prevalence rates of this viral infection have been reported in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to report the prevalence of this virus and its significance in HNSCC patients.
Methods: Patients who were referred to the five hospitals of Tehran city from May 2018 to May 2019 were enrolled in this study. All patients were diagnosed with HNSCC based on pathologic study. The pathologic disease staging was defined, and DNAs were extracted from the fresh tissue samples via kits. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV positive samples were evaluated for determining genotypes and data analysis.
Results: Of the 46 patients, three patients (6.5%) had positive HPV with the following subtypes: 18 (in two patients), 52 (in three patients), 61 (in two patients), 67, and 73.
Comparison of variables between the groups with and without HPV showed a significant difference based on the tumor’s lymphatic invasion (p =0.041), peripheral lymph node involvement (p =0.008), and histologic grade (p =0.011), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of other variables such as age, primary tumor site, size, pathologic stage, vascular or perineural invasion, metastasis, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: HPV positivity is an important factor in the lymphatic invasion, peripheral lymph node involvement, and histologic grade of cases with HNSCC and should be further investigated for its effect on prognosis.- انتشار مقاله: 17-10-1398
- نویسندگان: Mitra Rezaei,Mahboobeh Karimi-Galougahi,Azin Kheradmand,Mihan Pourabdollah Toutkaboni,Hassan Mir Mohammad Sadeghi,Alireza Abdollahi,Amirnader Emami Razavi,Ali Safavi Naini,Farahnaz Bidari- Zerehpoosh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Pathology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: NRBC,WBC differentiation,Sysmex cell count,WBC flags,Blasts
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Automatic Cell Counter devises make the CBC differential very easy and delivering the results in few second. However, the problem with this device is facing a flag requires a time-consuming microscopic review of the specimen which causes unacceptable wait times for patient as well as costs for laboratories. In this study, we calculated the validity of WBC diff flags in Sysmex XT-1800i. In addition, we verified the correlation between manual and automated samples.
Methods: Overall, 1095 flagged samples were selected in the period of 6 weeks (Imam Hospital complex, Tehran Iran, 2014). The results of both automated and manual counting of the samples were carefully studied and compared. Totally, 624 NRBC flags, 450 Blast flags, 155 abnormal WBC Scatter gram flags, 140 Eosinophilia flags and 468 Monocytosis flags were identified. Results: Considering NRBC and blast flags there was a significant difference between our manual counted and automated counted NRBCs and blasts (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between automated and manual counting of flags for WBC Scatter gram. A significant difference between automated and manual counting data in flags, eosinophilia and monocytosis was foun (P<0.05).
Conclusion: We propose the NRBC flags to be ignored and report negative except for the neonatal ward, and the Blasts flags to be ignored and report negative in all the cases. The WBC Scatter gram should be report positive. For eosinophilia and monocytosis flags, we propose, the Sysmex results should be considered correct and the manual checking would not be necessary.- انتشار مقاله: 30-03-1394
- نویسندگان: Parya Bameni Moghaddam,Fatemeh Mahjoub,Amirhossein Emami,Alireza Abdollahi
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: osteosarcoma,Cancer of head and neck,Dermatofibrosarcoma,Soft tissue sarcoma
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Introduction:
Sarcomas are rare malignancies with aggressive biological behavior. They are categorized into soft and hard tissue types. The main objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of head and neck sarcomas (HNS) among the Iranian population.
Materials and Methods:
The pathology files derived from Iran National Tumor Bank of Cancer Institute in Imam Khomeini Hospital, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, served as the source of the materials for this study. All cases diagnosed with head and neck sarcoma were included in the study. The recorded data included the patient’s age, gender, tumor location, and rates of recurrence and metastasis.
Results:
Investigation of the pathology files of the patients referring to the center under study during a 10-year period resulted in the identification of 183 HNS cases, 96.17% of which were primary. Generally, the prevalence of this disease was at its highest level in patients within the age range of 30-60 years with a male to female ratio of 1.4. The recurrence and metastasis rates of HNS were 32.38% and 5%, respectively. Osteosarcoma was detected as the most common type of sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas constituted 69.3% of the lesions with a male predilection. The patients afflicted with this type of sarcoma had a mean age of 45.88 years. Furthermore, hard tissue sarcomas comprised 30.68% of the sarcoma cases with a mean age of 36.22 years and a female predilection. The commonest lesion was osteosarcoma, and the most typical location was the mandible.
Conclusion:
In the current study, head and neck sarcomas were most often observed in patients within the age range of 30-60 years with a male predilection. Osteosarcoma was identified as the most common type of sarcoma. Studies addressing rare lesions with a large sample size facilitate the recognition of the demographic data and histopathologic variation which may contribute to a correct diagnosis.- انتشار مقاله: 18-12-1396
- نویسندگان: Saede Atarbashi-Moghadam,Amir Nader Emami Razavi,Saman Salehi Zalani
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Polymerase Chain Reaction,Helicobacter pylori,Serous otiti
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common causes of hearing loss (HL) in children. It has been reported that several factors such as eustachian tube dysfunction, insufficiencies in the aeration of the mastoid cells, allergies, immunity, and infections play an important role in the etiology of the disease. Little is known about the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in extragastric diseases. Because of the near location of the nose, sinuses, tonsils, and adenoids to the eustachian tube and middle ear, we believe it is possible to have H. pylori in the middle ear. The present study was designed to investigate the presence of H. pylori by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the middle ear effusion of patients with OME. The study was performed on 21 patients, 19 patients were affected bilaterally, and 2 patients were affected unilaterally, from which 40 specimens were collected. OME was diagnosed through findings by otoscopic examination and tympanogram. The middle ear fluid samples were collected under sterile conditions. A total of 40 samples was stored at -80°C until analyzed by PCR assay. From 40 specimens, 2 specimens were serosal and 38 specimens were mucoid. PCR results of the study in assays for Helicobacter pylori were not positive in all collected specimens. Overall, probably there was no H. pylori organism in free-floating form and thus could not be detected by PCR.
- انتشار مقاله: 16-05-1392
- نویسندگان: Mahmood Shishegar,Mohammad Motamedi-Far,Seyed Basir Hashemi,Abbas Bigham-Sadegh,Amir Emami
- مشاهده