در هنگام جستجو کلمه در قسمت عنوان میتوانید کلمات مورد جستجو را با کاراکتر (-) جدا کنید.
کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: COVID-19,Accuracy,Systematic review,Diagnostic test
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Backgrounds: Given the novelty of COVID-19, reviewing diagnostic methods can be of great help to community health policymakers. Considering the importance of diagnosing COVID-19 and the need for reducing the number of false positive and false negative cases that appear to be different in various diagnostic methods, this systematic review aimed at comparison of PCR test accuracy with laboratory data and CT SCAN in COVID-19. Methods: In this systematic review, EMBASE (Elsevier, 2018), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, 2018), Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, 2018b), and Google Scholar data bases were searched for the studies published prior to 3 April 2020. Based on the inclusion criteria, 20 out of 859 primarily screened studies were finally assessed. Results: The results indicated that the laboratory diagnosis of viral nucleic acid could have false-negative results, and serological testing of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an option for diagnosis. Moreover, chest Computerized Tomography (CT) was found to be more sensitive in comparison toReverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) (98% vs. 71%). Hence, the articles offered the combined use of chest CT, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, and multi-plex PCR. Conclusions: Follow-up RT-PCR and chest CT are necessary in COVID-19. In addition, serological testing of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies along with laboratory diagnosis of viral nucleic acid can lead to the highly sensitive and accurate diagnosis. Moreover, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is one of the cost-effective methods in epidemic conditions in low- and middle-income countries.
- انتشار مقاله: 18-07-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohebat Vali,Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Zahra Maleki,Fatemeh Goudarzi,Arefe Abedinzade,Haleh Ghaem
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: COVID-19,Systematic review,Quarantine,Patient Isolation
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The new Corona virus disease (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Methods, such as quarantine, isolation, and social distancing, if implemented properly, can help prevent the transmission of the disease. This study aimed to examine the effects of quarantine, isolation, and social distancing on the prevention of COVID-19. Methods: In this systematic review, EMBASE (Elsevier, 2018), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, 2018), Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, 2018b), and Google Scholar databases were searched for the studies published prior to 10 April 2020. The search and data extraction were conducted by two authors and to check and control the quality of the articles, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 out of the 768 primarily screened studies were finally assessed. Studies showed that the short-term negative psychological effects of quarantine included frustration, boredom, anger, and confusion. Nonetheless, extending the adult quarantine period to 18-21 days could be effective in preventing the spread of the virus and controlling the disease. Moreover, the decision to control the people’s travels through restrictions on freedom of movement must be balanced regarding the estimated epidemiological impact and the expected economic outcome. Conclusions: Although isolation, quarantine, and social distancing all have challenges, they are very useful methods for controlling the disease, which can be best used by knowing their duration of implementation.
- انتشار مقاله: 17-04-1399
- نویسندگان: Mohebat Vali,Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Zahra Maleki,Fatemeh Goudarzi,Arefe Abedinzade,Haleh Ghaem
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Insulin,type 2 diabetes,Forests,decision trees
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Objective: Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world. Timely and appropriate control can significantly reduce the burdens and costs of this disease. Although insulin injection is the most efficient method to control type 2 diabetes, patients avoid this method for unknown reasons. The main aim of the present study is to determine the factors influential in non-adherence to insulin using tools and models that have not been applied in this field so far. Methods: The tendency to insulin injection in 457 patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated in this cross-sectional study using the classic logistic regression and new learning algorithms, including conditional tree, conditional forest, and random forest. Different fits were compared so that the best model can be determined to identify the factors in non-adherence to insulin. Results: Although random forest had the highest accuracy among the fitted models, all the methods had a relative consensus that having life insurance, academic education, and insulin injection experience in immediate family members increase the tendency to accept insulin therapy. Our results also showed that younger patients and those who were committed to a specific diet better approved insulin therapy. Conclusions: The reasons for non-adherence to insulin can be summarized in economic and psychological aspects. Therefore, the health system policies are recommended to address economic issues and also raise public awareness about this treatment method.
- انتشار مقاله: 21-04-1398
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Sadaf Sahraian,Hamed Delam,Mozhgan Seif
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Cost-effectiveness analysis,HIV/AIDS,IDUs
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The goal of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of harm reduction programs among Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) who referred to Drop-In Centers (DICs) for prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection.
Methods: To calculate the cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention, we used data from a cross-sectional study carried out in 2009 in which we selected 13 DICs out of 45 active DICs using systematic random sampling. Through interview, data of all IDUs (1309) who had attended DICs were collected by means of a questionnaire approved by 3 experts. Averted cases of HIV infection were considered as the unit of effectiveness. The cost was also calculated from the perspective of governmental service provider and all costs were converted into US dollar (USD). Sensitivity analysis was used to measure the effect of some uncertain parameters in modeling the number of HIV cases that have been averted; also, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was estimated.
Results: Results showed that the DICs averted around 120.2 HIV cases in one year (102.977 cases from drug injection, 11.45 cases from homosexual and 5.77 cases from heterosexual ways). ICER for each HIV infection averted was 13,248.5 USD. Sensitivity analysis showed that providing harm reduction services in the best and worst case scenarios could change the ICER from 13,055 to 13,954 USD for each HIV case averted, respectively.
Conclusion: Since the most common cause of transmission and spread of HIV infection in Iran is drug injection via needle shared by IDUs, DICs programs in.- انتشار مقاله: 30-10-1396
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Reza Majdzadeh,Kazem Mohammad
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: employee,fatigue,SUR (seemingly unrelated regression),OLS (ordinary least square)
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: AbstractBackground: In this cross-sectional study, 501 employees of petrochemical companies were selected by simple sampling method.Methods: Data were collected using Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI-20), Occupational Fatigue/Exhaustion Recovery (OFER-15), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). To identify the factors associated with fatigue and general health, we used ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and SUR and the results were compared. The analysis showed that satisfaction, mental disorder and sleepiness were the important factors associated with fatigue among these workers. However, the SUR estimator provided higher precision of the estimates than the OLS estimator as the parameters obtained by SUR are characterized by lower standard errors. As the models are intended to predict the fatigue risk factors, we particularly focused on the SUR method because it assesses the precision of the model in predicting fatigue determination. SUR estimators performed consistently better than the OLS estimators since SUR takes the correlation between error terms into account. Results: The findings showed that the study population were young and almost had a low job tenure. The correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between fatigue and general health with job satisfaction (p=0.05), sleep disorder (p=0.01) and mental disorder (p=0.001). Finally, the analysis showed that fatigue as the result of work was affected by some organizational and individual risk factors, among which "general health status" in general fatigue and "job satisfaction and mental disorders" in mental, physical, shift work, chronic and acute fatigue had the most effect.Conclusion: The prevalence of fatigue among the study population was assessed high. Thus, elimination and reduction of casual risk factors are necessary to reduce the prevalence of fatigue at work environmental.
- انتشار مقاله: 01-11-1397
- نویسندگان: Shahla Heidari,Sareh Keshavarz,Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Family Physician,Referral system,Client satisfaction
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background:Patient satisfaction is an integral component of service quality and obtaining feedback from patients about the quality of primary health care is the best way to extend more patient-centered goals to health care delivery. This study was conducted to measure the level of client satisfaction with Urban Family Physician and Referral System (UFPARS) programMethods: This repeated cross-sectional study was done in Fars province, South of Iran, at two sections. Totally, 5901 patients in two sections (6 and 24 months after the UFPARS startup) were selected using multi-stage random sampling. The participants answered a self-administrated questionnaire. We measured the client satisfaction using 5-point Likert-scaled score and combined the questions; for each component of UFPARS, 6 satisfaction dimensions were made. We compared the participants’ level of satisfaction in two parts, using t-test.Results: Reliability was acceptable, and equal to 85% or more in all domains .In all components of UFPARS, the mean client satisfaction score was higher than 3 out of 5. The lowest client satisfaction scores were seen in the outpatient services. In three components of UFPARS including enrolment, family medicine and para-clinics, the mean satisfaction scores significantly decreased (P<0.001) between the two sections. But other components showed no significant change. Conclusions:The level of satisfaction with UFPARS in Fars province was shown to be relatively medium to high. Low client satisfaction between the two sections could be a bad sign and we recommend that the problems should be tackled gradually. Although family physician program in Iran has some limitations, implementing this plan step by step can lead to a medical reform in Iran. We can develop better programs based on the comments from service recipients, and prompt the project and some program processes.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-09-1396
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Maryam Marzban,Maryam Siadati,Karam Tavani,Abdolrasul Hemmatid
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Prevalence,Low birth weight,Risk factors, Iran
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background/Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and its risk factors in Fars province, south of Iran, 2014.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected data of 3,600 neonates through multi-stage random sampling. At first, we divided the hospitals into two strata, private and public. Then by stratified random sampling, we selected the neonates from delivery list in each hospital. In univariate analysis, the variables in which the p-value was less than 0.2 were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis model for adjusting. Two-sided p values <0.05 were statistically considered significant.Result: The prevalence of low birth weight in Fars province was 8.7% (95% CI: 7.8% - 9.7%). In term birth, factors such as mother’s age > 35 years, multiple birth and duration < 24 months with previous pregnancy were risk factors of low birth weight (P <0 .05) and just the father’s literacy was a protective factor for low birth weight.Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight in Fars province was low in comparison to that of the world and other districts of Iran. But we should plan for reduction of low birth weight to achieve world health organization’s goal. Variables of pregnancy interval of less than 2 years, multiple births, mother’s age over 35 years and father’s level of education could predict low birth weight of the neonates.
- انتشار مقاله: 06-02-1396
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Ali Soleimani,Fariba Moradi,Elham Hesami,Maryam Kasraeian,Hamed Delam
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: fertility,Trend Analysis,Health Services,Dependency ratio
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: The dependency ratio (DR) is defined as the ratio of the non-working population to the economically active population. Dependency ratio is calculated by the sum of population under fifteen years and over 65 years divided by 15-64 year old population. The interpretation of DR variation gives us the impact of health care services and some reproductive interventions. This study analyzed a 23-year DR trend in rural population of Fars province and the effect of some fertility variables on it. Methods: In this study, using data from vital horoscope and regression analysis, we analyzed a 23-year period of DR and some fertility indicators. Results: The total DR significantly declined from 102.5% in 1990 to 41.4% in 2012 (P<0.001). Most of this reduction is attributed to reduction in young DR. Old dependency ratio (population of 65 years and more) was significantly growing (P<0.035). Number of rural health house, family planning coverage, total fertility rate and general fertility rate was significantly associated with total dependency ratio (P<0.009). Conclusion: We passed the first stage of demographic transition, i.e. young dependency ratio declining. But the old dependency ratio slowly increased; it is recommended that the health care services should be promoted in future, especially services for old age people.
- انتشار مقاله: 27-02-1394
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Mitra Rahimi Haghighi,Pegah Shoa Hagighi,Abdolrasool Hemmati,Mohsen Moghadami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Iran,Goiter,IDD,Surveillance system
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) have been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. Consequences of IDD include goiter, hypothyroidism, and intellectual disability followed by retarded growth and development of the brain. This report aimed to determine the state of IDD in Fars province, south of Iran.Methods: In this study, we gathered data from all scientific papers, published and unpublished reports of IDD surveillance system, results of IDD-related surveys and all data from the center for disease control (CDC) at provincial and national levels during 1989-2012. Five main IDD indices are summarized, interpreted, and then organized in graphs and tables.Resuits: After formation of national committee of IDD followed by launching of extensive iodine delivery, most of IDD indices have improved. The percentage of iodized salt intake has increased from 0 to near 100%, and that of salt with adequate amount of iodine has increased to 94.5%. Median of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) has always been higher than the acceptable value (≥100 μg/L) and 68% of people had a mean of UIC ≥100 μg/L. The percentage of TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) >5 mU/L in the screened newborns has persistently been less than 1% during 2005-11. Prevalence of goiter has declined from 68% in 1989 to 1.3% in 2007.Conclusion: Present findings address those efforts to combat iodine deficiency which were effective. According to the small sample size and also the fact that some data have been derived at the national level, we recommend that a comprehensive populationbased survey should be carried out with sufficient sample size to achieve information with high accuracy and precision.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-07-1392
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Elham Kavoosi,Marzieh Vakili,Razieh Shenavar,Mohsen Moghadami
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Insulin,Injections,compliance,fear,Diabetes mellitus, Type 2
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes are uncontrolled on maximum oral treatment. The early introduction of insulin can lower diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate type 2 diabetes patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and attitude toward insulin therapy initiation. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 457 patients were selected from 12 diabetes clinics in the southern Iranian city of Shiraz in 2017. Adult patients (>30 y) with type 2 diabetes indicated to use insulin for the first time (insulin-naive) were asked to complete a researcher-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19. The relationships between insulin and the tendency to use insulin, demographic characteristics, and clinical data were evaluated using the χ2 or t test and logistic regression. The significance level was considered at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 55.16±8.76 years and 67.4% were female. Despite physician recommendations, 60.2% of the patients were disinclined to use insulin. Those unwilling to initiate insulin therapy had more misconceptions. In the multivariate analysis, the chances of insulin noncompliance were increased by 4.63-fold among the patients without supplementary insurance (P<0.001), by 2.38-fold among those with a nondiabetic diet (P=0.002), and by 6.75-fold among the illiterate ones (P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results, the factors affecting insulin noncompliance in our insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes included insurance coverage, illiteracy, and nondiabetic regimens as well as misconceptions about and irrational fear of insulin injection. Overall, our results indicate the need for further education and financial support for patients and health staff.
- انتشار مقاله: 28-06-1396
- نویسندگان: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,Hamed Delam,Mozhgan Seif,Sayed Aliakbar Banihashemi,Hamidreza Tabatabaee
- مشاهده