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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: kinetic,In situ combustion,Heavy oil,Auto-ignition
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Two facile and low cost routes were used for the synthesis of IF-WS2 nanoparticles. In this paper, preparation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles with two different methods was investigated. In the first method, WO3 nanoparticles were reacted with H2S gas in N2/H2 reducing atmosphere at 900 oC. The as-synthesized IF-WS2 nanoparticles are spherical shape with an average size of about 70 nm. In the second method, WO3 nanoparticles were reacted with Sulfur powder in H2 reducing atmosphere at 800 oC. All reaction conditions have been optimized. In this method, application of the harmful and poisonous H2S gas was eliminated. The as-prepared IF-WS2 nanoparticles are spherical shape with an average size of about 50 nm. In this research, it was revealed that in the first method, the reduction of WO3 nanoparticles before the reaction with H2S gas is very important in product quality and the output of the reaction will be increased. Also in contrast to that was proposed in the previous similar research, it was revealed that the preparation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles according to the second method can not be considered as large scale method because the product quality is directly dependent on the amount of WO3 nanoparticles that can not be considered exceeding 0.1 g. Besides, the preparation method of WO3 nanoparticles as precursor for the synthesis of IF-WS2 nanoparticles is different from previous similar researches. The solution of ammonium para tungstate (APT) and citric acid (as organic additive) was prepared and then the pH of solution was adjusted at 7 by using ammonium hydroxide. Firstly, the sample was heated to 250 oC for 1 h and secondly was calcined at 500 oC for 2 h to obtain yellow color powder of WO3 nanoparticles with an average size of about 50 nm. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- انتشار مقاله: 29-11-1386
- نویسندگان: Mahshad Alaei,Alimorad Rashidi,Alireza Mahjoub
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: kinetic,In situ combustion,Heavy oil,Auto-ignition
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Two facile and low cost routes were used for the synthesis of IF-WS2 nanoparticles. In this paper, preparation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles with two different methods was investigated. In the first method, WO3 nanoparticles were reacted with H2S gas in N2/H2 reducing atmosphere at 900 oC. The as-synthesized IF-WS2 nanoparticles are spherical shape with an average size of about 70 nm. In the second method, WO3 nanoparticles were reacted with Sulfur powder in H2 reducing atmosphere at 800 oC. All reaction conditions have been optimized. In this method, application of the harmful and poisonous H2S gas was eliminated. The as-prepared IF-WS2 nanoparticles are spherical shape with an average size of about 50 nm. In this research, it was revealed that in the first method, the reduction of WO3 nanoparticles before the reaction with H2S gas is very important in product quality and the output of the reaction will be increased. Also in contrast to that was proposed in the previous similar research, it was revealed that the preparation of IF-WS2 nanoparticles according to the second method can not be considered as large scale method because the product quality is directly dependent on the amount of WO3 nanoparticles that can not be considered exceeding 0.1 g. Besides, the preparation method of WO3 nanoparticles as precursor for the synthesis of IF-WS2 nanoparticles is different from previous similar researches. The solution of ammonium para tungstate (APT) and citric acid (as organic additive) was prepared and then the pH of solution was adjusted at 7 by using ammonium hydroxide. Firstly, the sample was heated to 250 oC for 1 h and secondly was calcined at 500 oC for 2 h to obtain yellow color powder of WO3 nanoparticles with an average size of about 50 nm. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- انتشار مقاله: 29-11-1386
- نویسندگان: Mahshad Alaei,Alimorad Rashidi,Alireza Mahjoub
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Addiction and Health
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: drugs,Iran,Harm reduction,treatment,Human Immunodeficiency Virus,Women
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Background: Iranian female methadone patients are at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to involvement in high-risk sexual behaviours and/or needle sharing. The present study aimed to explore the perceived educational needs related to HIV among a group of Iranian female methadone patients. Methods:The research design was qualitative and the participants were sampled purposively.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 women and 19 clinicians in Sari, Mashhad, and Tehran, Iran. Then, qualitative content analysis was implemented. Findings: The emergence of three major themes and six minor themes was revealed. Women expressed a need to increase their knowledge including women-specific pathophysiology and disease progression and the modes of the virus transmission and prevention. Women also expressed a need to enhance their knowledge and skills related to the physical management of the virus including self-care and reproductive health. Other themes included perceived psychosocial needs including removing stigma and access to resources in the community. Conclusion: Women reported a wide range of educational needs from basic knowledge to advanced skills. The findings can be used in designing women-specific educational programs related to HIV in Iran. Larger studies are suggested with gender-mixed samples in the Persian context- انتشار مقاله: 23-02-1398
- نویسندگان: Mehran Zarghami,Maedeh Bagheri,Hamed Bahari,Khatereh Tufani,Alireza Mahjoub,Reza Daneshmand,Zahra Alammehrjerdi,Raheleh Mohammadian,Omid Massah
- مشاهده