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کاربرد نوع شرط:
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Response surface methodology,Betaine,Cloud pointextraction,Food grade surfactants,Molasses,Freeze drying
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: In this study, an experimentally efficient and green-scalable procedure was designed using a sustainable surfactant to extract betaine from the beet waste (molasses) of sugar industry. This procedure was extended based upon the cloud point extraction (CPE) technique. An optimization framework was developed using the response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve an optimal value for the factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the experimental procedure. The main operational factors were surfactant concentrations, electrolyte concentration, pH, and the incubation temperature. Under the measured and optimal conditions, an extraction efficiency of as high as 88% was obtained for the betaine recovery. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a food grade surfactant that is a renewable substance approved by the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) used in the food and drink industry. In the last step, the extracted betaine was freeze-dried at -56 °C for 16 h under 0.5 bar ambient pressure. The results revealed that, the final betaine powder product can be directly used as a supplement in livestock feed supply since PEG is an edible surfactant. Thus, the proposed experimental procedure for betaine extraction from molasses is regarded as a scalable, cost-effective, sustainable and eco-friendly approach.
- انتشار مقاله: 10-03-1398
- نویسندگان: Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh,Ali Reza Zarei,Masoud Honarvar,Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar,Hossein Bakhoda
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Annals of Optimization Theory and Practice
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: strategy,Balanced Scorecard,Land Forces Cultural and Sports Club,Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Organizations, in order to survive and grow in this changing and unstable environment, are forced to adopt a central strategy and move towards new management methods, including strategic management. This research is a mixed type and a combination of quantitative and qualitative research.The statistical population of the study includes all managers, experts and staff of the Land Forces Cultural and Sports Club, which was used due to the limited number of censuses. Using Delphi's method, meetings and several stages of strategic analysis, the strategic goals of the club were determined and provided to the research sample. A balanced scorecard model was used to implement the strategic plan. Results: The research results showed that the executive model of strategic programs of Nezaja Sports and Cultural Club has four perspectives: medal and promotion of national and international status, culture and development of sports, internal management and processes, financial development and income generation, 10 strategies, 26 strategic goals. , 68 metrics, and 145 operational plans, actions and initiatives. In the end, it can be concluded that the proposed model has the ability to be used in the implementation of the club's strategic plan.
- انتشار مقاله: 19-08-1398
- نویسندگان: Abbas Shakibi Rad,Ali Zarei,Farideh Ashraf Gangouie
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Applied Research on English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: Reading Comprehension,Scaffolding,Shadowing
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: Scaffolding and shadowing techniques have been shown to improve language learners’ reading comprehension. However, little attention has been paid to the comparative effectiveness of these techniques. This study investigated the effect of three selected scaffolding techniques (peer scaffolding, distributed scaffolding, and reciprocal scaffolding) versus three types of shadowing (complete shadowing, partial shadowing, and interactive shadowing) on L2 reading comprehension. To this end, 120 intermediate level EFL learners (in 6 groups of 20 members each) were selected through convenience sampling from three language institutes in Qazvin. Each group was randomly assigned to one of the shadowing and scaffolding techniques. One way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that among the three scaffolding techniques, distributed scaffolding was the most effective technique on reading comprehension. The most effective technique among shadowing groups was interactive shadowing. A significant difference was also found between the shadowing and scaffolding techniques in favor of scaffolding techniques. These findings may have theoretical and pedagogical implications for researchers, learners, teachers, and syllabus designers.
- انتشار مقاله: 24-02-1398
- نویسندگان: Abbas Ali Zarei,Hossein Alipour
- مشاهده
- جایگاه : پژوهشی
- مجله: Applied Research on English Language
- نوع مقاله: Journal Article
- کلمات کلیدی: keyword technique,song,visuals,vocabulary recognition,vocabulary production
- چکیده:
- چکیده انگلیسی: The present study investigated the effects of three methods of vocabulary presentation, i.e.,
picture, song, and the keyword method on Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary recognition and
production. The participants were 102 Iranian lower-intermediate EFL learners in Zaban Sara
English language institute in Kermanshah. To make sure that they had no previous knowledge of
the target words, a pretest was administered. Those words about which the participants had prior
knowledge were excluded from instruction. After administering the pretest, the participants were
divided into three groups. Each group was instructed through a specified method of vocabulary
presentation including picture, song, and the keyword method for a whole semester. The
participants' receptive vocabulary knowledge was tested through a multiple-choice test and their
productive vocabulary knowledge through a fill-in-the blank test. The collected data were
analyzed using two separate one-way ANOVA procedures. The results of both tests showed that
the group instructed through picture had the best performance, followed closely by the group
instructed through the keyword method. The group taught through the song method performed
significantly worse than both the picture group and the keyword method group.- انتشار مقاله: 17-09-1390
- نویسندگان: Abbas Ali Zarei,Azma Salimi
- مشاهده